Unit+1+Words+and+Expressions+單詞高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

PeopleofAchievementwordsandexpressionsUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTTrytobecomenotamanofsuccess,buttryrathertobecomeamanofvalue.—AlbertEinstein努力不是為了功成名就，而是為了成為有價(jià)值的人?！柌亍垡蛩固筆ART1WordguessingphysiologyartemisininmalariacrucialobjectivebotanicalfleepropertyboilliquidrelativitypatentfleePART2KeywordsandExpressionsphysiology/?f?zi??l?d?i/n.生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能

NobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine化學(xué)物理學(xué)和平獎生理\醫(yī)學(xué)文學(xué)physicn.藥劑;醫(yī)術(shù);醫(yī)學(xué)v.給…用藥;治愈physicaladj.物質(zhì)的;身體的mentaladj.精神的；腦力的

physiciann.內(nèi)科醫(yī)師2.crucial

adj.

至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的同：vital,significant,important

crucially

adv.

關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地

becrucialto/for

對...是至關(guān)重要的

playacrucialrole/partin...在...中扮演重要角色

Itiscrucialthat...(should)do

...是至關(guān)重要的①Itiscrucialthattheproblem__________________immediately.關(guān)鍵是要馬上處理這一問題。②Thesupportofourfans______________ourwinningtheSuperCup.球迷的支持對我們贏得超級杯非常關(guān)鍵。(should)besolvediscrucialto/for3.malaria /m??le?ri?/ n. 瘧疾get

developcatchsufferfrom

malaria患病

disease/illness疾病

4.vital

adj.必不可少的;極其重要的

vitally

adv.

極其;緊要地bevitalto/for

對…極重要

Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是很重要的

Itisvitalthat…(should)do…是極重要的(虛擬,should可省)①Perseverance_________success.毅力對成功是至關(guān)重要的.②Itisvitalthathumanbeings____________therulesofnature.重要的是人類應(yīng)該服從大自然的規(guī)則。isvitalto(should)obey5.

commit

vt.承諾;保證vi.忠于;投入

commitmurder/amistake謀殺/犯錯誤

committosb./sth忠于…

commit...to...投入...到...commitoneself

to

do/doingsth.承諾/保證做某事

committedadj.盡力的;堅(jiān)定的becommitted

to(doing)sth.承諾/致力(做)某事

commitment

n.承諾；獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)

makeacommitmenttodo/doingsth.承諾做某事committed-committed-committing單句語法填空1)Doinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirable___________（commit）.2)Hequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument，andwas___________（commit）topracticingit.3)Hehascommittedhimself___________

thecauseofeducation.commitment

空前有an，所以應(yīng)該填名詞。committed

to6.objective①adj.客觀的----__________adj.主觀的②n.

目標(biāo)；目的

同：_______________meet/achieveone’sobjectives達(dá)到/實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)setanobjectiveforsb./sth.為...確定目標(biāo)withtheobjective/aim/goalof…以…為目標(biāo)

objectn.物體；賓語

vi.不同意;反對objectto

doingsth

反對做某事

objectionn.反對，異議

goal/aim/target

subjective

7.evaluatevt.評價(jià)；評估evaluatesbon/by...根據(jù)...評估...evaluationn.評估；估算makeanevaluationof對...做評估Afterwards,they_______________________thehealthcaresystem.后來，他們對醫(yī)療保健制度進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。makeanevaluationof8.distinct

adj.清晰的;有區(qū)別的

bedistinct/differentfrom...與...不同

Itisdistinctthat...很明顯...distinctive

adj.（特征、外表）獨(dú)特的，特別的distinctionn.區(qū)別,差別;優(yōu)秀,卓越awriterofdistinction優(yōu)秀作家make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandB區(qū)別對待A和Bdistinguish

v.區(qū)分；分清

①Thelearningneedsofthetwogroups_____________eachother.這兩個(gè)組的學(xué)習(xí)需求是有區(qū)別的。②Philosophersuseto_______________betweenartsandscience.哲學(xué)家過去常常把人文科學(xué)與自然科學(xué)區(qū)別開來。③Thehanfu(漢服)isafemaledresswith____________Chinesefeatures.aredistinctfrommakeadistinctiondistinctive9.extractn.提取物;摘錄

vt.提取;摘錄;(用力)拔出extractedfrom選自...;從...選取【即學(xué)活用】語法填空(1)Languageteachersoftenextractexamples_________grammarbooks.(2)LiShizhendiscoveredavarietyofherbswhose_______(extract)cancurecertaindiseases.fromextracts________________water10.boil/b??l/ ①vt.&vi.(使）沸騰；煮開；燒開

區(qū)分：boiledwater

boilingwater

②vi.發(fā)怒；發(fā)火eg:Hisrudenessmadeher

boilwithanger(滿腔怒火）.boilingAwatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了熱豆腐

solid固體

gas氣體Theglassisfullof____________.liquid11.liquid/?l?kw?d/n.液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的12.obtain

vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得=gain,get,acquire

vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行obtain...from/through...從...獲得...obtainone’spermission得到某人許可obtainsb.

sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 給某人帶來某物obtainmentn.取得obtainableadj.可獲得的;可得到的1.Youshould__________________fromtheteacherbeforeyouleaveschool.2.Bothofthesebookscan___________(obtain)fromthelibrary.obtainthepermissionbeobtainedacknowledgementn.承認(rèn);感謝acknowledgesth./doing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)(做/做過)某事acknowledgethat…承認(rèn)…acknowledge...as/tobe…承認(rèn)...是/擔(dān)任…Itisuniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat…公認(rèn)...eg:It'sacknowledgedthatheisagoodman.acknowledgesb.with… 用…對...表示感謝13.acknowledge

vt.

①承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)=admit②(公開)感謝練一練：1）TuYouyouisacknowledged______oneofthegreatestscientist.2）Withnoenoughevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge________(steal)thelady'spurse.3)Manyofthepoor_____________him______(承認(rèn)...為)theirleader.tobestealingacknowledgedas14.defeat

n.失?。淮鞌t.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝=beatabig/baddefeat大敗anarrow/heavydefeat惜敗/慘敗suffer/accept/acknowledge(a)defeat遭受/接受/承認(rèn)失敗defeatsb.擊敗某人

eg:I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,but

itdefeatdme.我已經(jīng)嘗試去解決這個(gè)問題了，但它還是打敗了我。Nomatterwhathappened,theyrefusedto______________.無論發(fā)生什么，他們拒絕承認(rèn)失敗。acknowledgedefeat辨析:

defeat/beat+某人或某個(gè)集體擊敗/打敗…

win+game/match/race/election/prize【注意“贏某人”不能用win

sb.可用defeat/beatsb.】

winsb.sth.=winsth.forsb.為某人贏得某物【雙賓語】defeat擊敗，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和結(jié)果賓語是對手beat打??；(連續(xù))擊打賓語是對手win贏得；獲勝賓語是game或prize等15.

apparentlyadv.顯而易見;看來;顯然

apparentadj.顯而易見的；易懂的；表面上Itisapparentthat…顯然...“顯然”的表達(dá)還有：Itisclear/obvious/distinct/evidentthat...Clearly/Obviously/Distinctly/Evidently,...

16.insist

vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求

insiston/upondoingsth.堅(jiān)決要求做某事

insist+that從句時(shí)，有兩種情況：

a.表示“堅(jiān)持主張/強(qiáng)烈要求”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣，從句用“should+動詞原形”，should可省。

insist(that)...(should)do堅(jiān)決要求;堅(jiān)決主張

b.表示“堅(jiān)持說/認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句用陳述語氣,從句謂語按實(shí)際需要選擇時(shí)態(tài)

insist(that)...堅(jiān)持說;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為(從句用陳述語氣)

類似用法:

一堅(jiān)持:insist二命令:order/command/三建議:advise/suggest/recommend四要求:desire/demand/request/require①Shewasstubbornandinsistedthatthework________________aheadofschedule.

她很固執(zhí)，堅(jiān)持要求工作要提前完成。

②Mysisterinsistedthat_____________.

我妹妹堅(jiān)持說她是正確的。(should)befinishedshewasright17.scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的;細(xì)致嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)scientistn.科學(xué)家18.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地=mostadj.大多數(shù)mainly

19.conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束

makeaconclusion下結(jié)論draw/reach/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion總之concludevt.推斷出vi.結(jié)束；終止conclude...from...從…中推斷出…conclude....with.../bydoing...以…結(jié)束…19.conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束

“最后,總而言之”的其他表達(dá)：inawordinbrief

allinall

inshortonthewholeinclosing20.

fleeflee---_____---_____①Alltheanimalsfledfromthefire.

所有的動物都從火場逃離了②Whenthebombingstarted，thepopulationfledtosafeplaces.轟炸開始時(shí)，人們都逃到了安全地帶。

fledfled從...逃離

逃至...fledaway逃離flee著重逃的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)逃走時(shí)的急促或倉促。有時(shí)表示“破滅”escape強(qiáng)調(diào)逃跑的結(jié)果,即成功地跑掉了；有時(shí)用于引申義“逃避；躲避”。runaway多用于口語,含有“不辭而別”之意。辨析：21.circumstance

n.條件,情況;情形,形勢in/underthecircumstances在這種情況下in/undernocircumstances絕不,無論如何都不(置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝)eg:Under/Innocircumstancescanyougoout.

你絕對不可以出去。

21.circumstance

n.條件,情況;情形,形勢【拓展】表示“絕不”,置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝：innosense/wayatnotimeonnoaccount/conditionbynomeans22.foundvt.創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦;把…建立在

foundationn.基礎(chǔ)

foundern.創(chuàng)辦人，發(fā)起人

foundvt.建立=setup/establish動詞過去式過去分詞意思foundfoundedfounded成立findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到(1)ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawas_______(found)in1949.(2)Theyearof1949sawthe___________(found)ofthePeople’sRepublicof China.(3)Aftertheendofthecivilwar,thepoorboywasfinally_________(find)byhisfamily.foundedfoundationfound23.infer[?n?f??(r)]vt.推斷;推定infer-----referred----referredinferfrom從...推斷inferencen.結(jié)論，推論refer,infer,prefer,occur,stir,star等要雙寫r后,再加ed/ing;offer,suffer不雙寫,直接加ed/ing24.politician從政者；政治家；政客politicaladj.政治的;政黨的;對政治有興趣的politicallyadv.政治上politicsn.政治;政治事務(wù);政治觀點(diǎn)表職業(yè)：musician(音樂家),clinician(臨床醫(yī)生),magician(魔術(shù)師)哪國人：Asian（亞洲人），Canadian（加拿大人），Australian（澳大利亞人），Indian印度人）25.theory[?θ??ri]:n.理論;學(xué)說putthetheoryintopractice:將理論付諸/用于實(shí)踐intheory:理論上;按理說inpractice/reality/fact實(shí)踐中/實(shí)際上/事實(shí)上theoristn.理論家theoreticaladj.理論上的theoreticallyadv.理論上theoryofrelativity相對論relativeadj.相對的；相關(guān)的

n.親戚berelativeto相對于...;和...比較起來aclose/distantrelative近親/遠(yuǎn)親relativelyadv.比較而言；相對地relativelyspeaking相對來說

26.relativity/?rel??t?v?ti/n.(物理)相對論；相對性27.geniusn.天才;天資;天賦pl:geniuses

辨析:genius,gift,talent1.genius程度最高,“最全面的天才”也指“有天才的人”ageniusat(doing)sth(做)...的天才2.gift側(cè)重“天賦”3.talent側(cè)重“才能”

haveagenius/gift/talentfor有…的才能

talentedadj.有才能的，天資高的betalented/giftedin在…有天賦28.passion

n.酷愛；激情developapassionfor

對...產(chǎn)生愛好；培養(yǎng)...的熱情haveapassionfor(doing)sth酷愛(做)...withpassion充滿激情地outofastrongpassionfor出于對...的熱情

passionateadj.狂熱的；熱愛的；酷愛的bepassionateabout…對…狂熱/酷愛28.passion

n.酷愛；激情①He________________music.他酷愛音樂。②Sheoftentakeshersontothegallery,tryingtohelphim______________________________.她經(jīng)常帶她兒子去畫廊，試圖幫助他培養(yǎng)藝術(shù)的愛好。hasapassionfordevelopapassionforart29.doctoraten.博士學(xué)位=doctor’sdegree博士學(xué)位bachelor'sdegree學(xué)士學(xué)位master'sdegree碩士學(xué)位take/receive/get/obtain/earna(one’s)doctorate(in...)

獲得博士學(xué)位30.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的extraordinarilyadv.格外，非常extra-表示“額外的，超過的”remarkableadj.非凡的;顯著的anextraordinaryachievement卓越的成就atrulyextraordinarywoman.一位杰出的女性。It'sextraordinarythathemanagedtosleepthroughtheparty.真想不到他竟然從聚會開始一直睡到結(jié)束。31.cometopower

(開始)掌權(quán);上臺(可接時(shí)間點(diǎn)）powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的havethepowertodosth.有做某事的能力

beinpower執(zhí)政;掌權(quán)(可接時(shí)間段）doall/everythinginone'spower竭盡全力做某事beyond/outofone'spower力所不能及cometoanend/anagreement/a(the)conclusion

結(jié)束/達(dá)成協(xié)議/得出結(jié)論Theparty_____________fouryearsago.=Theparty____________________forfouryears.

cametopowerhasbeeninpower(1)Couldyoutellmewhenthenewpresident_____________?你能告訴我新總統(tǒng)是什么時(shí)候上臺的嗎？(2)Shehadthepower___________(control)thesituation.。(3)Iamsorryit’s______________mypowertomakesuchadecision.對不起，我無權(quán)做此決定。(4)Thiskindofanimalshassome___________(power)teeth.tocontrolbeyond/outofpowerfulcametopower32.consequence

n.結(jié)果;后果;影響

consequent

adj.作為結(jié)果的;隨之而來的

consequently

adv.

結(jié)果,因此asaconsequence=inconsequence/asaresult結(jié)果,因此asaconsequence/resultof=inconsequenceof因?yàn)?..;由于…take/suffer/facetheconsequences(ofsth)承擔(dān)…的后果1.Iamwillingto___________________.我愿意承擔(dān)后果。2.Shewasovertheagelimitand,_____________________________,herapplicationwasrejected.超過了年齡限制，所以她的申請被拒絕了。taketheconsequenceinconsequence/asaconsequence(1)Thewarmingoftheearthandthe____________（consequence）climaticchangesaffectusall.地球變暖以及隨之發(fā)生的氣候變化影響著我們所有人。(2)agreatfire，thehousewascompletelydestroyed.由于一場大火，這個(gè)房子被完全燒毀了。(3)Mycarbrokedownand(consequent)Iwaslate.consequentlyAsaconsequenceof/Inconsequenceofconsequent33.takeupaposition

擔(dān)任;任職搭配：outofposition 不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕nposition 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢梅g：他擔(dān)任班長一職Hetakesuptheposition

asthemonitor.peculiar /p??kju?li?(r)/ adj.奇怪的；特別的takeup拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)[寫出下列句子中takeup的漢語意思(1)Infact，surfingtheInternettakesupmostofhertime.____(2)Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.____(3)Peterwilltakeupthemanagementofthefinancedepartment.________占據(jù)繼續(xù)開始從事

短語：takeoff

脫掉;起飛;休假;開始成功

takeon雇用;呈現(xiàn)

takeover

接管

takein收留;包括;理解;記住;欺騙

takedown

拆開;寫下takeback收回(所說的錯話)34.moustachebeard[b??d]n.胡須have/wear/growabeard/moustache

35.peculiarity[p??kju?li??r?ti]n.個(gè)性;特點(diǎn);怪異的性質(zhì)personalityn.性格;個(gè)性charactern.特點(diǎn);特色;(漢)字;品格characteristic[,k?r?kt??r?st?k]n.特點(diǎn);特征;特色propertyn.(正式)特性;性質(zhì),所有物;財(cái)產(chǎn);財(cái)物featuren.特色;特征;特點(diǎn);特寫，專題節(jié)目

v.以…為特色;由…主演;以…為主要組成;36.encounter

vt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇短語：encounterproblems/difficulties遇到問題/困難

haveanencounterwith與...相遇come/runacros