非臨床兒童行為抑制、大五人格特質(zhì)、焦慮性障礙癥狀間關(guān)系探討課件

非臨床兒童行為抑制、大五人格特質(zhì)、焦慮性障礙癥狀間關(guān)系探討1.Introduction引言·Behavioralinhibitionisatemperamenttypologyreferringtochildren’stendencytoreactwithshyness,fear,andwithdrawaltonovelty,unfamiliarity,andstrain.行為抑制的表現(xiàn)：兒童害羞，膽怯，對(duì)新異、不熟悉、緊張刺激表現(xiàn)出退縮傾向Surprisinglylittleresearch

hasbeenconductedontheunderlyingpersonalityfactorsofthis

temperamentcharacteristic.前人并沒有詳細(xì)研究行為抑制的潛在人格因素Someauthorshavearguedthatbehavioralinhibitionistheobservablemanifestationofthefundamentalpersonalitytraitofneuroticism,whichcanbedefinedastheenduringtendencytoexperiencenegativeemotionalstates.有研究表明行為抑制與“神經(jīng)質(zhì)”關(guān)系密切。（神經(jīng)質(zhì)：持續(xù)性處于消極情緒狀態(tài)）Anotherbasicpersonalitytraitthathasbeenassociatedwithbehavioralinhibitionisextraversion.行為抑制還與“外向性”相關(guān)·Moreover,becausebehavioralinhibitionhasrarelybeeninvestigatedincombinationwithneuroticismandextraversion,itremainsunclearwhetherthistemperamentcharacteristicaccountsforuniquevarianceinanxietysymptomsbeyondthesebasicpersonalitytraits.那么，高神經(jīng)質(zhì)與低外向性能否解釋行為抑制兒童焦慮癥狀的產(chǎn)生？Fromapsychopathologyperspective,behavioralinhibitionisofinterestbecausevariousstudieshavedemonstratedthatthistemperamentfeatureisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofanxietysymptoms.同時(shí)，大量研究表明行為抑制常常與焦慮癥狀的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)?！otonlysocialphobia,butalsoseparationanxietydisorderandmultipleanxietydisordersweresignificantlymoreprevalentamongchildrenwithbehavioralinhibition.

此外，社交恐懼癥、分離焦慮、多重焦慮紊亂也同行為抑制有關(guān)。Inthisway,itbecamepossibletoinvestigate于是，本文將研究一下問題：(a)correlationsamongbehavioralinhibition,personalitytraits,andanxietydisordersymptoms,行為抑制、人格特質(zhì)、焦慮癥狀間相關(guān)關(guān)系(b)towhatextent

neuroticism,extraversion,andotherpersonalitytraitsaccountforuniquevarianceinbehavioralinhibition,神經(jīng)質(zhì)、外向性及其他人格特質(zhì)對(duì)行為抑制的解釋力如何(c)whetherbehavioralinhibitionaccountsforuniquevarianceinanxietydisordersymptomsaftercontrollingforBigFivepersonalitytraits.在控制人格因素后，行為抑制對(duì)焦慮癥狀的解釋力如何？2.Method方法部分

2.1.Participants被試

·Eventually,duetomissingdataandchildrenbeingabsentduringtheassessmentsession,dataof226children(109boysand117girls)andparents(155mothers,16fathers,39bothparents,and16othercaretakers)werecollected.除去流失被試，最后有226名兒童（男孩109名）及相應(yīng)數(shù)量的父母（母親166名、父親16名、39對(duì)夫婦、16名其它看護(hù)者）參加測(cè)試。Thesechildrenhadameanageof10.54years(SD=1.05,range9–12years)andmorethan85%ofthemwerefromoriginalDutchdescent.這些兒童平均年齡10.54歲，其中85%為荷蘭籍兒童。2.2.Questionnaires

Non-clinicalchildrenaged9–12yearscompletedself-reportscalesformeasuringbehavioralinhibition,BigFivepersonalitytraits(includingneuroticismandextraversion),andanxietydisorder

symptoms.兒童完成三份自評(píng)量表，分別測(cè)量行為抑制、人格特質(zhì)、焦慮癥狀A(yù)sparentsfilledoutsimilarquestionnairestoassesslevelsofbehavioralinhibition,personalityfactors,andanxietysymptomsintheirchildren,itbecamealsopossibletoexaminethesameresearchissuesfromtheparents’perspective.父母完成同樣三份量表，以便于兒童自評(píng)的量表比較。BehavioralInhibitionQuestionnaire

(BIQ)行為抑制量表BigFiveQuestionnaireforChildren(BFQ-C)大五人格量表（兒童版）ScreenforChildAnxietyRelatedEmotionalDisorders(SCARED-R)兒童焦慮情緒障礙篩查問卷3.Results實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

3.1.Generalstatistics一般性統(tǒng)計(jì)

Significantsexdifferenceswerefoundforanumberofvariables.某些變量出現(xiàn)了顯著的性別差異Inthelightofthesedifferences,itwasdecidedtocontrolforsexinallfurtheranalyses.因此在后續(xù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析中，將性別作為控制因素。3.2.Correlationsamongbehavioralinhibition,personalityfactors,andanxiety相關(guān)分析

Behavioralinhibitionwasnegativelyassociatedwithextraversion,agreeableness,andintellect/openness

,whereassmallbutpositivelinkswereobservedwithneuroticism

.行為抑制與外向性、宜人性、開放性顯著正相關(guān)；與神經(jīng)質(zhì)微弱正相關(guān)。Asubstantialpositivecorrelationwasfoundbetweenbehavioralinhibitionandanxietydisordersymptoms.行為抑制與焦慮癥狀顯著正相關(guān)Finally,theBigFivepersonalityfactorofneuroticismwasalsoclearlyandpositivelyrelatedtoanxietydisorder,whereassmallbutsignificantnegativecorrelations

wereobservedbetweenextraversion,agreeableness,andintellect/openness(onlyparent-report)andsuchsymptoms.神經(jīng)質(zhì)與焦慮癥狀顯著正相關(guān)，而外向性、宜人性、開放性與焦慮癥狀顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。3.3.Predictingbehavioralinhibitionfrompersonalityfactors回歸分析

Extraversion

clearlywasthestrongestpredictorofaninhibited

temperament:asexpected,betavalueswerenegative,indicatingthatlowerlevelsofextraversionwereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofbehavioralinhibition.外向性能很好的預(yù)測(cè)行為抑制：外向程度越低，行為抑制程度越高。Further,neuroticismalsoconsistentlymadeasmallbutuniquecontributiontobehavioral

inhibition:thepositivebetaspointedoutthathigherlevelsofthispersonalityfactorwereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofbehavioralinhibition.神經(jīng)質(zhì)也可預(yù)測(cè)行為抑制：神經(jīng)質(zhì)程度越高，行為抑制程度越高Togetherpersonalityfactorsaccountedfor49%(childreport)

to52%(parent-report)ofthevarianceinbehavioralinhibitionscores.人格特質(zhì)可以解釋49%-52%的行為抑制反應(yīng)。3.4.Predictinganxietysymptomsfrombehavioralinhibitionandpersonalityfactors多層回歸

Hierarchicalregressionanalyseswereconductedinwhichchildren’sanxietydisordersymptomswerepredictedfromsex(step1),

BigFivepersonalityfactors(step2),andbehavioralinhibition(step3).對(duì)焦慮癥狀進(jìn)行多層回歸分析：性別、人格特質(zhì)、行為抑制·Overalltheresultsindicatedthatbetween37%(parent-report)and47%(child-report)ofthevarianceinSCARED-Rscorescouldbeexplainedbythepredictorvariables(seeTable4).以上變量可以解釋焦慮癥狀的37%-47%。4.Discussion

·Theregressionanalysesindicatedthatabouthalfofthetotalvarianceinchildren’sbehavioralinhibitionscorescouldbeexplainedbyBigFivepersonalityfactors.·Thissuggeststhattheremightstillbeotherindividualdifferencevariablesinvolved.Oneobviouscandidateiseffortfulcontrol回歸分析表明人格因素可解釋約50%的行為抑制得分。其余可能還有努力控制（一種調(diào)控情緒的執(zhí)行功能）Thefactthatbehavioralinhibitionandpersonalityfactorsonlyaccountedforupto42%ofthevarianceinchildren’sanxietyscoresisinagreementwiththecurrentmultifactorialmodelswhichassumethatthistypeofpsychopathologymaybetheresultofawiderangeofvulnerabilityfactors,includingparent–childattachment,fearfulparenting,stressfullifeevents,andspecificlearning

experiences.行為抑制與人格因素僅解釋42%焦慮癥狀的原因：焦慮可能由其他因素引起：依戀質(zhì)量、父母的恐懼、壓力