安徽工業(yè)大學軟件工程試卷

《軟件工程〔雙語〕》復習范圍考前須知：每個學生必須寫上本人的學號、任課教師姓名、姓名、班級，另外所有的答案必須全部寫在答卷紙上請不要寫的試卷上,試題及答卷一同交上。Part1 Selectthemostappropriatechoicetoanswerthefollowingquestionsortocompletefollowingstatements.(1*15=15)1．AbouttheMVC(Model-View-Controller)pattern,whichoneoffollowingstatementsisnotright?Separatespresentationandinteractionfromthesystemdata.Thesystemisstructuredintothreelogicalcomponentsthatinteractwitheachother.TheModelcomponentmanagesthesystemdataandassociatedoperationsonthatdata..TheModelcomponentdefinesandmanageshowthedataispresentedtotheuser..TheControllercomponentmanagesuserinteraction(e.g.,keypresses,mouseclicks,etc.)andpassestheseinteractionstotheViewandtheModel..2.Thestatisticaldatashowthatthedistributionofmaintenanceeffortiscloseto?BFaultrepair65%,Softwareadaptation18%,Functionadditionormodification17%.Faultrepair17%,Softwareadaptation18%,Functionadditionormodification65%.Faultrepair17%,Softwareadaptation65%,Functionadditionormodification18%.Faultrepair40%,Softwareadaptation40%,Functionadditionormodification20%.3.WhichstatementisawrongstatementforWaterfallModel?BInflexiblepartitioningoftheprojectintodistinctstagesThismodelisonlyappropriatewhentherequirementsarepoorlyunderstoodThismodelisdifficulttorespondtochangingcustomerrequirementsThismodelisappropriatewhentherequirementsarewell-understood.4.Whichoneoffollowingstatementsisnotinthecompletetestcoverageofaclass?BTestingalloperationsassociatedwithanobjectSettingandinterrogatingallobjectattributesExercisingtheobjectinallpossiblestatesTestingallthepossibleobjects5.Whenwehavelittleexperiencesaboutaproject,thatistosayweknowlittlerequirementsandarenotfamilywithhowtodevelopit.Whichmodelshouldbeadopted?AFormalsystemsdevelopment.Waterfallmodel.ExploratorydevelopmentReuse-orienteddevelopment.Part2 Marktherightstatement√,thewrongstatement×(1*15=15)Inthesoftwarearchitecturedesign,usinglarge-graincomponentsimprovesperformanceandmaintainability.錯Asoftwareprocessmodelisanabstractrepresentationofaprocess.Itpresentsadescriptionofaprocessfromallperspective.Re-engineeringisenhancingthefunctionalityandperformanceofthesystem.錯AccordingLehmanandBelady's‘laws’,overaprogram’slifetime,itsrateofdevelopmentisapproximatelyconstantandindependentoftheresourcesdevotedtosystemdevelopment.對Thegoalofprogramtestingistoshowtheprogramisfreeofdefects.Part3 Filltheblankets:(1*15=15)Riskmanagementisconcernedwithidentifyingriskswhichmayaffecttheproject,theremaybeseveralkindsofrisks,includingtechnologyrisks,peoplerisks,organizationalrisks,toolsrisks.〔requirementsrisks〕Commonactivitiesinobject-orienteddesignprocessesinclude,,,,.Definethecontextmodelsofthesystem,Designthesystemarchitecture,identifytheprincipalsystemobjects,Developdesignmodels,SpecifybojectinterfacesGeneralissuesthataffectmostsoftwareare,,.Heterogeneity,Businessandsocial,Securityandtrust.Astructuredsetofactivitiesrequiredtodevelopasoftwaresystem,whichare,______________________,_____________________.Specification,development,valodation,evolution.Genericprocessmodelsare,,Waterfallmodel,Evolutionarydevelopment,Incrementaldevelopment,Reuse-baseddevelopmentThestagesofdevelopmenttestingare,,.Unittesting,Componenttesting,Systemtesting.7.Exploratorydevelopment、Throw-awayprototypingaretwokindmodelsofevolutionarymodel.Accordingtoitsfunction,Requirementcanbeclassifiedasfunctionrequirement,,.Non-functionalrequirements,Domainrequirementssoftwarepricingestimationtechniquesinclude,________________,Parkinson'sLaw,______________.Algorithmiccostmodelling,Expertjudgement,Estimationbyanalogy(Pricingtowin)Part4 Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(5*5=25)Whichapproachestoobjectclassidentificationareintroducedinthisbook?WhatisPathtesting？Answer:Thebojectiveofpathtestingistoensurethatthesetoftestcasesissuchthateachpaththroughtheprogramisexecutedatleastonce.Whatisarchitecturalpatterns?Whysoftwareengineeringisborn?Answer:Becauseofsoftwarecrisisinthe1960’s,maincharacteristicsare:lowqualityofsoftware,highcostsofsoftware,slowdeliveryofsoftware.SoftwareengineeringisfirstproposedataNATOmeetingin1968.Whatisthedifferencebetweensoftwareengineeringandcomputerscience?Answer:Computerscienceisconcernedwiththeoryandfundamentals;Softwareengineeringisconcernedwiththepracticalitiesofdevelopinganddeliveringusefulsoftware.Pleaseanswerthestagesofwaterfallmodel,anditsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Answer:Stages:Requirementsdefinition,systemandsoftwaredesign,implementationandunittesting,integrationandsystemtesting,operationandmaintenanceAdvantages:Thereforethismodelisappropriatewhentherequirementsarewell-understood,ProcessisvisibleandstandardandalldocumenntsareformalDisadvantages:Inflexiblepartitioningoftheprojectintodistinctstages,Thismakesitdifficulttorespondtochangingcustomerrequirements.Whatarethetwotypesofsoftwareprototypingandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsoftwareprototyping？Answer:twotypes:ExploratorydevelopmentandThrow-awayprototyping.Advantages:1.Improvedsystemusability2.Closermatchtothesystemneeded3.Improveddesignquality4.Improvedmaintainability5.ReducedoveralldevelopmenteffortDisadvantages:1.Lackofprocessvisibility〔過程不可見〕2.Systemsareoftenpoorlystructured〔系統(tǒng)結構不好〕3.Specialskills(e.g.inlanguagesforrapidprototyping)mayberequired〔需要一些技巧〕Whatarethefivetypesofinteractionstylesinuserinterfacedesign?Answers:1.Directmanipulation直接操作2.Menuselection菜單項選擇擇3.Formfill-in表格填寫4.Commandlanguage命令語言5.Naturallanguage自然語言Pleaseanswerthetwomethodsoftestingandserialstagesoftesting.answers:twotypes:white-boxtestingandblack-boxtesting.serialstagesoftesting:unittesting,integrationtesting.Pleaseanswerthetwomethodsoftestingandserialstagesoftesting.Answers:twotypes:white-boxtestingandblack-boxtesting.serialstagesoftesting:unittesting,integrationtesting.11.WhatisBetatesting?Answer:Areleaseofthesoftwareismadeavailabletouserstoallowthemtoexperimentandtoraiseproblemsthattheydiscoverwiththesysytemdevelopers.Part5 Solvethefollowingproblems(30)UsingtheUMLgraphicalnotationforobjectclasses,designthefollowingobjectclasses,identifyingattributesandoperations.Useyourownexperiencetodecideontheattributesandoperationsthatshouldbeassociatedwiththeseobjects.?atelephone?aprinterforapersonalcomputer?apersonalstereosystem?abankaccount?alibrarycatalogueAnswer:Therearemanypossibledesignshereandagreatdealofcomplexitycanbeaddedtotheobjects.However,Iamonlyreallylookingforsimpleobjectswhichencapsulatetheprincipalrequirementsoftheseartefacts.Possibledesignsareshownintheabovediagram.SHAPEDesignasetoftestdatatoaccomplishthepathtestingaboutthefollowingprogram(Figure1).(5)TTTstartA<10A=A+1A=A+BendB<20aceFFFigure1bdAnswer:A=100B=100coverpathace;A=100B=80coverpathacde;A=50B=100coverpathabceA=40B=60coverpathabcdeBasedonyourexperiencewithabankATM,drawanactivitydiagramthatmodelsthedataprocessinginvolvedwhenacustomerwithdrawscashfromthemachine.Answer:NoticethatIhavenotdevelopedtheactivitiesrepresentingotherservicesorfailedauthentication.DesignthewebapplicationarchitectureusingtheMVCpattern.SHAPESHAPEBasedonfollowingdata-flowdiagram,designitssystemstructure.Basedontheabovesequencediagram,describethewholeprocessindetail.Developasequencediagramshowingtheinteractionsinvolvedwhenastudentregistersforacourseinauniversity.Coursesmayhavelimitedenrolment,sotheregistrationprocessmustincludechecksthatplacesareavailable.Assumethatthestudentaccessesanelectroniccoursecatalogtofindoutaboutavailablecourses.Answer:Arelativelysimplediagramisallthatisneededhere.ItisbestnottobetoofussyaboutthingslikeUMLarrowstylesashardlyanyonecanrememberthedifferencesbetweenthem.AbankATMtakesthecashcardandreadthepassword,checktheidandpassword,theATMlettheusertoentertheamountofcashtobedrawn,TheATMcheckthebalanceoftheuseraccount,ifthebalanceislargerthanorequaltotheamount,thengivethecashanddeducttheamountfromtheaccount;ifthebalanceislessthantheamount,thenreturnthepreviousscreen.Drawadata-flowdiagramaboutthesystem.Aweatherdatacollectionsystemisrequiredtogenerateweathermapsonaregularbasisusingdatacollectedfromremote,unattendedweatherstationsandotherdatasourcessuchasweatherobservers,balloonsandsatellites.Weatherstationstransmittheirdatatotheareacomputerinresponsetoarequestfromthatmachine.Theareacomputervalidatesthecollecteddataandintegratesitwiththedatafromdifferentsources.Theintegrateddataisarchivedand,