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言內(nèi)意義Exercise紅糖紅茶紅眼紅火紅榜紅人紅娘brownsugarblackteagreen-eyedflourishing/prosperoushonorboardinfluentialpersonmatchmaker活學(xué)活用(511-540)不下雨則已,一下就是傾盆大雨。Itneverrains,butitpours.昨天斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地下了雨。Itrainedoffandonyesterday.

他簡(jiǎn)直就是一個(gè)傻瓜。Heisnextdoortoafool.我發(fā)現(xiàn)你簡(jiǎn)直就是傻瓜一樣。Ifoundyounobetterthananidiot.他正忙于寫(xiě)短篇小說(shuō)。Heoccupiedhimselfinwritingshortstories.你千萬(wàn)不可玩忽職守。Youmustonnoaccountneglectyourduties.我是特意來(lái)看你的。Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.我們不是密友,只是泛泛之交。Heisnotmyclosefriend,butonspeakingtermswithme.小偷被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住。Thethiefwasarrestedonthespot.他差點(diǎn)泄漏了秘密。Hewasonthevergeofbetrayinghissecret.第四講言內(nèi)意義言內(nèi)意義LinguisticMeaning詞語(yǔ)成分之間、句子成分之間和篇章成分之間的關(guān)系所反映的意義。它在語(yǔ)音、詞匯、句子和篇章等層次均有體現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)音千山鳥(niǎo)飛絕,萬(wàn)徑人蹤滅。(柳宗元:《江雪》)Athousandmountainswithoutabird,tenthousandmileswithnotraceofman.Fromhilltohillnobirdinflight,Frompathtopathnomaninsight.(許淵沖譯)詞匯林老師:您身體好嗎?我們特別想您,女同學(xué)都哭了,后來(lái)就不哭了,后來(lái)我們作算術(shù),題目特別難,我們費(fèi)了半天勁,中于算出來(lái)了……看著信,林震不禁獨(dú)自笑了起來(lái),他拿起筆把“中于”改成了“終于”,準(zhǔn)備在回信時(shí)告訴他們下次要避免別字。(王蒙《組織部來(lái)了個(gè)年輕人》)飛白詞匯“DearTeacherLin:Howareyou?Wemissyouvery,verymuch.Afteryouleftallthegirlscriedandthenwedidsomevery,verydifficultsums.Itwasmuchhardwork,butwefinallygotitriteintheend…”

Readingtheletter,Lincouldn’thelpsmilingtohimself.Hechanged“rite”to“right”thinkingthatheshouldtellthemtobemorecarefulwiththeirspellingnexttimetheywrote.

(AlisonBailey&CaroleMurry譯)

詞匯“Inthefallof1940,PresidentFranklinRoosevelttooktobedwithaseverecold.

Itwasdulyreportedinthenextday’sWashingtonPost–buttheearlybulldogedition(晨版)featuredthisclassictypographicblooper(印刷大錯(cuò)誤),inaheadlineeightcolumnswide:

F.D.R.INBEDWITHCOED.譯文1:……報(bào)紙將“羅斯福因感冒臥床”的通欄標(biāo)題誤印為“羅斯福與女同學(xué)上床?!弊g文2:……報(bào)紙將“羅斯福因傷風(fēng)問(wèn)題臥床”的通欄標(biāo)題誤印為“羅斯福因作風(fēng)問(wèn)題臥床。”句子詩(shī)中有畫(huà),畫(huà)中有詩(shī)。Thereispoetryinthepaintings,andtherearepaintingsinthepoetry.

(李定坤譯)人無(wú)千日好,花無(wú)百日紅。

Mancannotbealwaysfortunate;flowersdonotlastforever.(李定坤譯)言內(nèi)意義的翻譯重復(fù)音韻疊詞雙關(guān)重復(fù)(Repetition)土崩瓦解繁榮昌盛取之不盡,用之不竭fallapartprosperityinexhaustible身體好,學(xué)習(xí)好,工作好。Keepfit,studyhardandworkhard.目標(biāo)的輕重緩急,孰先孰后應(yīng)該仔細(xì)研究、認(rèn)真考慮和反復(fù)推敲。Targetpriorities

shouldbeverycarefullystudied.Lastyear,theoutputofcoalinthisregionamountedtoabout20percentofthewholecountry,ofsteel25percent,andofcotton35percent.去年,這一地區(qū)的煤產(chǎn)量約占全國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的20%,鋼產(chǎn)量占25%,棉花產(chǎn)量占35%。亞洲是地球上最大的洲,面積占世界陸地近百分之三十,人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘陌俜种?。Asiaisthelargestcontinentontheearth,

with

nearly30percentoftheworldlandareaand60percentoftheworldpopulation.表達(dá)法小結(jié)總計(jì),達(dá)到:totalstandatamounttoworthreachhitwiththetotalvalueofwiththevaluetotalingaddupto占:accountforberesponsibleforrepresenttakeup疊詞(Reduplicatedwords)音、形、義完全相同的詞重疊使用,增加語(yǔ)言的生動(dòng)性與形象性。漢語(yǔ)中疊詞很多,功能在于強(qiáng)調(diào),用詞語(yǔ)重疊的方法來(lái)突出思想、強(qiáng)調(diào)感情、加強(qiáng)節(jié)奏感、增添音韻美。翻譯時(shí)要注意再現(xiàn)疊詞這一美感功能或表情功能。若無(wú)法同樣用疊詞譯出,則應(yīng)譯出原語(yǔ)的意義和功能。疊詞—練習(xí)Theywaitedthereforthreecleardays.他們?cè)谀堑攘苏?。Thisideaneveroccurredtome.我萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到。Wehavetalkedfortwofull(solid)hours.我們談了足足兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Theschoolisagoodfivemilesfromhere.學(xué)校離這足足5英里。Revolutionarytraditionsarepassedoverforgenerations.革命傳統(tǒng)代代相傳。疊詞—練習(xí)熙熙攘攘辛辛苦苦零零碎碎兢兢業(yè)業(yè)彎彎曲曲哭哭啼啼平平安安干干凈凈toilandmoilweepandwailtwistsandturnsoddsandendssafeandsoundneatandcleancautiousandconscientioushustleandbustle雙關(guān)(Pun)Womenhaveawonderfulsenseofrightandwrong,butlittlesenseofrightandleft.女人對(duì)善與惡具有驚人的感覺(jué),但對(duì)左與右則感覺(jué)甚微?!翱茨?,隔著門(mén)縫看人,把人看扁了。”“Humph!Ifyoupeeratapersonthroughacrack,helooksflat!Don’tbesoprejudiced.”啞巴吃黃連,有苦說(shuō)不出。Hewaslikethedumbmaneatingthebitterherb:hehadtosufferthebitternessofitinsilence.廣告雙關(guān)語(yǔ)練習(xí)AskforMore.摩爾香煙,多多益善。再來(lái)一支,還吸摩爾。Easierdustingbyastre-e-etch.拉拉拉長(zhǎng),除塵力強(qiáng)。

TheUniqueSpiritofCanada.別具風(fēng)味的加拿大酒,獨(dú)特的加拿大精神。廣告語(yǔ)雙關(guān)賞析Betterlatethanthelate.遲到總比喪命好。AMarsaday,keepsyouwork,restandplay.瑪斯——一日一塊巧克力,工作玩樂(lè)不知疲。Thedriverissaferwhentheroadisdry,theroadissaferwhenthedriverisdry.道路不沾水,司機(jī)更安全;司機(jī)不沾酒,道路更安全。音韻(Rhyme)具體表現(xiàn)為對(duì)偶、排比、押韻等修辭手法。飯來(lái)張口,衣來(lái)伸手haveonlytoopenone’smouthtobefed,andholdoutone'shandstobedressedleadaneasylifewitheverythingprovidedliveonthelabourofothersItaketheetomyweddedhusband,tohaveandtoholdfromthisdayforward,forbetterorworse,forricherorpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,tolove,honor,andcherish,tilldeathdowepart,accordingtoGod’sordinance,andtheretoIplighttheemytroth.我接受你成為我的合法丈夫,從今以后永遠(yuǎn)擁有你,無(wú)論境遇是好是壞,是富貴是貧賤,是健康是疾病,我都會(huì)愛(ài)你,尊敬你并且珍惜你,直到死亡將我們分開(kāi)。在上帝面前,我向你發(fā)誓。修辭補(bǔ)充她的同伴如影隨形地跟著她。(simile)Hercompanionfollowsherlikeashadow.他鐵石心腸。(metaphor)Hehasaheartofstone.穿灰衣服的大鼻子仍然凝視著。(metonymy)BigNoseingreystillstared.修辭補(bǔ)充鮮花向每一位來(lái)賓展開(kāi)了笑容。(personification)Theflowerssmileateveryvisitor.要做時(shí)裝模特的話,她可是百里挑一。(hyperbole)Asformodels,sheisoneinathousand/million/thecreamofthecrop.這位老人含辛茹苦一輩子,現(xiàn)在安息了。(euphemism)Theoldmanlaytakinghisrestafteralifeofbitterhardship.修辭補(bǔ)充她昨天度過(guò)了一個(gè)不眠之夜。(transferredepithet)Shehadasleeplessnightlastnight.謀事在人,成事在天。(antithesis)Manproposes,Goddisposes.這里氣候溫和,四季分明,雨量充沛,日照充足,適合多種農(nóng)作物的生產(chǎn)。(parallelism)Itenjoysatemperateclimatewithwell-markedseasonsandhasplentyofrainfallandsunshine,favorableforgrowingcrops.修辭補(bǔ)充三人品字形坐了,隨便談了幾句。(graphic)Thethreemensatdownfacingwitheachotherandbegancasuallychatting.要他鉆進(jìn)這個(gè)“工”字形的洞口,是完全不可能的。(graphic)ItwasjustimpossibleforhimtogetintothisI-shapedhole.八級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlives

toaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe:rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadoreandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplayhelpless,nordotheyplaytheblaminggame.Instead,theyassumeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlives

toaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe:rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.成功者不會(huì)窮其畢生之精力,執(zhí)著于自我之臆想。相反他們會(huì)保持自己的本色,正因如此,他們不裝腔作勢(shì),不自命不凡,不對(duì)別人指手畫(huà)腳(四字詞精簡(jiǎn))。成功者不會(huì)畢生追求某種信念:即設(shè)想自己成為某種人。相反,他們即他們自己。因此,他們不會(huì)費(fèi)神去裝腔作勢(shì),故作姿態(tài),擺布他人(四字詞精簡(jiǎn))。Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.他們知道真愛(ài)不同于裝愛(ài),真傻有異于裝傻,博學(xué)有別于賣弄。(增譯:使用同義詞)他們明白:愛(ài)與裝愛(ài),傻與裝傻,知與裝知、是有區(qū)別的。(同詞重復(fù),省譯)Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.成功者無(wú)須躲在面具后面。成功

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