虛擬語氣-課件(共51張)

Definition陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。虛擬語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。第一頁第二頁，共50頁。1.虛擬語氣的考點1、if條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、if條件句中虛擬語氣的幾大考點；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。第二頁第三頁，共50頁。if引導的虛擬條件句第三頁第四頁，共50頁。區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. 陳述語氣

Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. 虛擬語氣第四頁第五頁，共50頁。IfI

am

free,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.

（虛擬條件句）(真實條件句）第五頁第六頁，共50頁。If+主

+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形IfIwere

you,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。IfIhadonemilliondollars,I

wouldbuytheplane.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句第六頁第七頁，共50頁。If+主

+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,he

wouldhavepassed

theexamination.1.如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句第七頁第八頁，共50頁。與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

himaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

him.1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.If+主

+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形第八頁第九頁，共50頁。一、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去現(xiàn)在

將來第九頁第十頁，共50頁。一、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動詞be用were實義動詞do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight將來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第十頁第十一頁，共50頁。1.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might2.Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived第十一頁第十二頁，共50頁。3.Ifhe_________，he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第十二頁第十三頁，共50頁。4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

5.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_____mefromgoingA.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented第十三頁第十四頁，共50頁。If虛擬句的注意點第十四頁第十五頁，共50頁。注意點一條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語從句中有were,had,should時,可以去掉if從句倒裝成：Were/Should/Had

+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.第十五頁第十六頁，共50頁。1.Wereit(________)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=____)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=________)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfarther D.ifBobwalkedfartherC考題點擊：(=IfitwereIfIhadIfanyoneshould第十六頁第十七頁，共50頁。1._______theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive3.______itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will第十七頁第十八頁，共50頁。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）第十八頁第十九頁，共50頁。Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowDIfyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?考題點擊：虛擬語氣中，常出現(xiàn)從句與主句表示不同時期的事情，此時，從句與主句則分別用不同時態(tài)的虛擬語氣。注意點二混合虛擬語氣（錯綜條件句）第十九頁第二十頁，共50頁。常用含蓄虛擬語氣的情況：規(guī)則1：ifonly意為“要是……就好了”(與wish后面的虛擬語氣類似)規(guī)則2：without/butfor如果沒有……，……就會規(guī)則3：otherwise/or否則，不然的話，就會……。注意點三含蓄虛擬語氣第二十頁第二十一頁，共50頁。3.without/butfor/構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.條件暗含在分詞短語without/butfor...中

第二十一頁第二十二頁，共50頁。１.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.２.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考題點擊：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.

A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD第二十二頁第二十三頁，共50頁。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.考題點擊：Withoutyourhelp,we____suchrapidprogress.A.couldn’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldn’thavemadeD第二十三頁第二十四頁，共50頁。名詞性從句中的虛擬句第二十四頁第二十五頁，共50頁。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣句式一：wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的愿望。其表達形式一般是將從句的謂語動詞退后一個時態(tài)。例如:1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwere

ashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhad

aplane.2)與過去事實相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeen

totheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwritten

tohim.3)與將來事實相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgive

me.第二十五頁第二十六頁，共50頁。句式二：

在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略。常見的動詞有:一個堅持insist;兩個命令order,command;三條建議suggest,advise,propose;四項要求demand,request,require,注意：:suggest表暗示表明時insist表堅持認為時不用虛擬語氣Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)have

anoperationatonce.第二十六頁第二十七頁，共50頁。

以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。1.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.3.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.4.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime2.Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible第二十七頁第二十八頁，共50頁。考題點擊：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?

A.takeB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthe

library.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB第二十八頁第二十九頁，共50頁。句式四：wouldrather/prefer＋that-從句(從句用虛擬語氣)(1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實相反”，從句用一般過去時(2)表示愿望與“過去事實相反”，從句用過去完成時，第二十九頁第三十頁，共50頁。wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時過去完成時過去時Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.第三十頁第三十一頁，共50頁。主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：

1.Itbe+過去分詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…過去分詞：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed…Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…形容詞:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名詞（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…

+(should)+動詞原形+…第三十一頁第三十二頁，共50頁。表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

1)表語從句:2)同位語從句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.第三十二頁第三十三頁，共50頁?？碱}點擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.

A.try B.tries C.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA第三十三頁第三十四頁，共50頁。狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1、用在由asif,asthough引導的狀語從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的懷疑，用過去時；表示過去想象中的動作或情況，用過去完成時;表示將來用would+動詞原形。（asif/asthough＋從句：從句的虛擬語氣與wish后的賓語從句虛擬語氣類似）Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired。【注意】asif/asthough連接的從句表示可能的事實時，不需用虛擬語氣第三十四頁第三十五頁，共50頁。{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣第三十五頁第三十六頁，共50頁。asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動詞原形(將來)第三十六頁第三十七頁，共50頁。狀語從句中的虛擬語氣2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引導的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或動詞原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.第三十七頁第三十八頁，共50頁?？碱}點擊：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeCC第三十八頁第三十九頁，共50頁。幾種特殊句型中的虛擬第三十九頁第四十頁，共50頁。

1.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒錯過火車就好了.第四十頁第四十一頁，共50頁。比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly則表示“如果……就好了”。其從句中的謂語動詞用過去時或過去完成時。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.

第四十一頁第四十二頁，共50頁。2.It’s(high/low)time從句：

Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)為wouldrather從句：

Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.考題點擊：Itistimethatyou_________thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneoverC第四十二頁第四十三頁，共50頁。3.情境中提供虛擬語氣

Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.

第四十三頁第四十四頁，共50頁。

鞏固練習

1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe

,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe

inturn,you____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4.Without

theairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight

,toocoldforustolive.

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly

C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly第四十四頁第四十五頁，共50頁。

5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe__ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe__amedicalexamination.

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;hadD.was;has

7._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.

A.IfitisnotB.Wereitnot

C.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot

8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_____something.

A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid第四十五頁第四十六頁，共50頁。9.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left10.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft11IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

12---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexp