瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

“瞬間動(dòng)詞(也叫‘短暫性動(dòng)詞’)”和或“終止性動(dòng)詞”1、瞬間動(dòng)詞：短暫性動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)作一開(kāi)始便結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞，又可稱結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞

從“開(kāi)始發(fā)生”到“結(jié)束/終止”：

幾乎同時(shí)或在極短的時(shí)間里（如‘幾秒鐘/幾分鐘內(nèi)’）就完成了“開(kāi)始—結(jié)束”的過(guò)程，如“Closethedoor”,“Openthedoor”有些瞬間動(dòng)詞的“開(kāi)始—結(jié)束的過(guò)程”可能稍微長(zhǎng)一些，但也不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)的，如,“buysth（買(mǎi)下）”：付了款、拿了發(fā)票即完成了。所以，“我買(mǎi)了這塊手表5年了”，在漢語(yǔ)中說(shuō)的通，但英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)就不能說(shuō)：Ihaveboughtthewatchforfiveyears.buysth----havesth(擁有)---have/has+hadsthfor…A:I

havehad

thewatchfor5years.B:Itis(hasbeen)fiveyearssinceIboughtthewatch.C:Iboughtit5yearsago.

第一頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。同理，“borrowsth”“借書(shū)”在辦理了相關(guān)的‘登記’手續(xù)后就結(jié)束了，不可能“借”幾個(gè)星期或好幾年的！漢語(yǔ)“這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)借用了2星期了。”的意思是：“我兩周前（borrowedit），（在歸還前）現(xiàn)在它還在我手里（IstillhaveitorI’mstillreadingit.）RightorWrong?A:Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.B:Ihavehad/keptitfortwoweeks.C:It’s2weekssinceIborrowedit.D:Iborrowedit2weeksago.

(Wrong)(Right)(Right)(Right)第二頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與瞬間動(dòng)詞

瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如可說(shuō)“Hehasleft.”但不能說(shuō)“Hehasleftforthreeyears.”如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：一、用ago,使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

Heleftherethreeyearsago.二、用“Itis+一段時(shí)間＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句”

Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.三、用“一段時(shí)間＋have/haspassed+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句”Threeyearshavepassedsincehelefthere.第三頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動(dòng)詞。另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動(dòng)詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞／形容詞或副詞／介詞短語(yǔ)等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buycatch(get)acoldborrow/lendcome/go/becomehave

haveacoldkeepbeputonweare.g.這本書(shū)我買(mǎi)了三個(gè)月了。Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.xhad__________√第四頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschoolbeasoldierbeaPartymemberbeastudent3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞diefinishbegin/startleavefallasleep/illcloseopenbedeadbeoverbeonbeawayfrom(地點(diǎn))beasleep/illbeclosedbeopengooutbeoutgetupbeupe.g.他去世五年了。Hehasdiedforfiveyears.beendead

_____x／beinschool/beinthearmy

/beinthePartyarrive/come/reachbein/at+地點(diǎn)stay第五頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。e.g.他自從1985就參軍了。Hehasbeenasoldiersince1985.Hehasbeeninthearmysince1985.

初中英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的有：短暫性動(dòng)詞go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,becomebuy,get(得到)fallill(asleep)finish,endbegin,startbegintolearn(work,read，rain)gooutgetupborrowgettoknowdielose延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞beaway(off),beoutofbehere,bein+某地bein,bea(an)+n.havebeill(asleep)beoverbeonlearn,work,read,rainbeoutbeupkeepknowbedeadbelost第六頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的句子中，應(yīng)將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。：1.Hisgrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.(F)Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.(T)2.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.(F)Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.(T)Mybrotherhasbeenanarmymanfortenyears.(F)3.Hehasgoneawayforaweek.(F)Hehasbeenawayforaweek.(T)4.Thefilmhasbegunforfifteenminutes.(F)Thefilmhasbeenonforfifteenminutes.(T)第七頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。①.我們買(mǎi)這本書(shū)三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句第八頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。③自從上星期以來(lái),我就借了這本書(shū).Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.第九頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。⑥小明參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦我們上了8年學(xué)了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下課10分鐘了Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.電影開(kāi)始了一小時(shí)了Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.10.門(mén)打開(kāi)半小時(shí)了Thedoorhasbeenopenforhalfanhour.第十頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。Practice:瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、狀態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)化練習(xí)（1）：1、你來(lái)晚了，電影已放了10分鐘了。A:Youarelate.Thefilm

for10minutes.B:Youarelate.It

tenminutessincethefilm

.C:Youarelate.Thefilm

10minutes

.2、我叔叔當(dāng)兵已經(jīng)有2年了。A:Myuncle

thearmyfor2years.B:It

2years

myunclejoinedthearmy.C:Myuncle

thearmy2yearsago.3、Linda已經(jīng)感冒4、5天了。A:Linda

acold

4to5days.B:It

4to5dayssinceLinda

acoldC:Linda

acold4or5days

.hasbeenonisbegan/startedbegan/startedhasbeeninissincejoinedhashadforiscaughtcaughtagoago第十一頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。Practice:瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、狀態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)化練習(xí)（2）：4、他爺爺去世已經(jīng)有5年了。A:Hisgrandpa

for5years.B:It

5yearssincehisgrandpa

.C:Hisgrandpa

5years

.5、你來(lái)晚了，火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了20分種了。A:You’relate.Thetrain

for20minutes.B:It

20minutessincethetrain

.C:Thetrain

20minutes

.6、他們到深圳已經(jīng)有3年多了。A:They

Shenzhenforover3years.B:It

over3yearssincethey

Shenzhen.C:They

Shenzhenover3years

.hasbeendeadisdieddiedagohasbeenawayisleftleftagohavebeen/stayedinisarrivedingotto/reachedarrivedingotto/reachedago第十二頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。區(qū)分短暫性動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中不能和一段時(shí)間連用.即for,since短語(yǔ)或howlong問(wèn)句.第十三頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律第十四頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。以動(dòng)詞go為例，go是動(dòng)詞原形，goes是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，went是過(guò)去式,going是現(xiàn)在分詞，而gone則是它的過(guò)去分詞。第十五頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞work

visitaskplaystayworked

visitedasked

played

stayedliked

lived

movedlike

livemovecarried

worriedtriedcriedcarryworrytrycrystopdroprobplanpreferstopped

dropped

robbed

planned

preferred第十六頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。三式相同不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞costcuthithurtsetputshutreadlet一、AAA型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形：

第十七頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。bringbuythinkteachcatchbuildbroughtboughtthoughttaughtcaughtbuiltbroughtboughtthoughttaught

caughtbuiltfeelleavetellsellsaylayfindgethavefeltlefttoldsoldsaid

laidfoundgothadfelt

lefttoldsoldsaid

laidfoundgothad二、ABB型過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形：

第十八頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。

hearheardheard

holdheldheld

keepkeptkept

※learnlearntlearnt

lendlentlent

makemademade

meetmetmetpaypaidpaidsendsentsentsitsatsatsleepsleptslept

※smellsmeltsmelt

二、ABB型過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形：

第十九頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。

spendspentspent

standstoodstood

understandunderstood

understood二、ABB型過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形：

第二十頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。beginfallflyforgettakewearwritebebreakdocomebecomeruncamebecamerancomebecomerunbeganfellflewforgottook

worewrotewas/werebrokedidbegunfallenflownforgotten

taken

wornwrittenbeenbrokendone四、ABC型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各異

三、ABA型原形與過(guò)去分詞同形

第二十一頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。四、ABC型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各異

drawdrewdrawn

drinkdrankdrunk

drivedrovedriven

eatateeaten

givegavegiven

gowentgone

growgrewgrown

knowknewknown

lielaylain

rideroderidden

第二十二頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。

ringrangrung

seesawseen

showshowedshown

singsangsung

speakspoke

spoken

swimswamswum

四、ABC型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各異

take