結構測試報告

內(nèi)力及結點位移驗證實驗—球結點鋼桁架結構靜載實驗一、實驗目的掌握理想桁架結構在結點荷載作用下的內(nèi)力傳遞規(guī)律，認識零桿了解工程結構中球結點的力學性質(zhì)。了解結構實驗中固定鉸支座與滑動支座的實現(xiàn)方法及布置準則。二、實驗內(nèi)容中間結點集中荷載實驗：在中間結點施加豎向壓荷載，測量桿件內(nèi)力，分析次內(nèi)力產(chǎn)生的影響。三、試驗設備1、加載設備一套。2、百分表及磁性表座若干。3、壓力傳感器。4、靜態(tài)電阻應變儀一套。5、電阻應變片及導線若干。四、實驗原理u.501：11I'Li.HJ.L'Fl7仇50u.501：11I'Li.HJ.L'Fl7仇50圖1-1球結點桁架結構是工程中常用的桁架結構形式，因其只承受結點荷載作用，所以計算時取做理想桁架結構。理想桁架結構中所有的結點均為鉸結點，理想鉸結點只能傳遞軸力，而不能傳遞彎矩，由于理想鉸結點是不存在的，因此理想的桁架模型就是不存在的。但若根據(jù)桁架結構的荷載特點，在桿件受力產(chǎn)生微轉(zhuǎn)角時，若結點只傳遞很小的彎矩，那么此時結構的力學特性就會接近理想桁架結構的力學特性梯形桁架是工程中常用的結構形式，簡支的鋼架橋、鋼屋架多采用類似的結構形式，桁架一個支座為固定鉸支座，一個為滑動鉸支座，梯形桁架多采用跨距與層高相等的結構形式，實驗用桁架為典型4跨梯形桁架，桁架結構結點不傳遞彎矩，因此，在單純施加結點拉壓力荷載時，桁架結構的桿件不承受彎矩，因此不必繪制彎矩圖。從圖1-1內(nèi)力圖可以看出4跨梯形桁架結構按圖示方式施加荷載時，桁架結構的內(nèi)力對稱傳遞，不同部位桿件內(nèi)力種類，大小不相同，且有明顯差異，且對稱軸上的豎腹桿為零桿。根據(jù)該結構的受力特點，實驗時選擇測量典型桿件的內(nèi)力測試來驗證上述內(nèi)力傳遞規(guī)律。五、加載測試方案及模型配置該實驗在YJ-IID型結構力學組合實驗裝置上進行，采用球結點桁架實驗模型，通過液壓油缸加載手動施加豎向荷載，荷載的大小通過拉壓力傳感器測量，桿件的軸力及不同位置彎矩通過粘貼在桿件不同位置的應變來測量，球結點桁架的變形通過安裝在支座和跨中的位移傳感器測量。安裝好的結構模型如圖1-2所示，下橫梁裝有支墩，支墩上安裝有正交鉸支座，球結點桁架安裝在正交鉸支座上，加載油缸安裝在橫梁上，通過手動泵結合安裝在手動泵上的換向閥可以使油缸活塞桿上

下運動，從而對桁架進行加載、卸載，實驗時采用多組分級加載的方式進行加載。加載及模型配置見下表物品名稱加載油缸手動泵支墩正交支座球結點桁架型號200kN63MPa200kN200kN2000*500數(shù)量11221注：加載油缸帶相應傳感器及加載調(diào)整桿。六、實驗步驟6.1實驗準備收集鋼桁架的設計參數(shù)，包括角鋼的截面尺寸、結點板的厚度、每跨尺寸、跨數(shù)等，同時收集荷載傳感器的靈敏度系數(shù)及電阻應變片的粘貼位置、阻值、靈敏度系數(shù)、導線電阻等。

單跨長度球鉸尺寸內(nèi)/外徑荷載傳感器靈敏度系數(shù)0.5m35mm/42mm0.02電阻應變片粘貼位置分布6.2安裝實驗模型及加載裝置調(diào)整各個支墩至安裝位置，并將正交鉸支座安裝在支墩的相應位置，然后將鋼桁架安裝在正交支座的相應位置，通過手動泵調(diào)整油缸活塞桿至合適位置。6.3連接測試線路、設置測試參數(shù)及測試窗口等。線路連接采用四分之一橋路連接預加載在進行正式實驗之前，首先要進行預加載，以確保實驗設備和數(shù)據(jù)采集分析系統(tǒng)均能正常工作。一般取預估載荷的10%作為預加荷載觀察、分析實驗數(shù)據(jù)，檢查實驗裝置、儀表是否工作正常，然后卸載。如有問題，要把發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題及時解決、排除。加載測試首先預估實驗最大荷載，經(jīng)指導教師確認后方可加載測試。在加載過程中，注意控制加載速度及最大荷載，應保持桿件的最大應變不超過800p￡，得到三組數(shù)據(jù)后，可停止加載。6.6實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析驗證數(shù)據(jù)設置荷載-應變X-Y曲線，以觀測數(shù)據(jù)的線性及重復性。數(shù)據(jù)應該為線性的且有較好的重復性。分析數(shù)據(jù)將測得的數(shù)據(jù)與計算的數(shù)據(jù)相比較，分析實驗誤差的大小及來源。七、注意事項1．試驗前應明確本次試驗的目的、要求，熟悉試驗步驟及有關事項，對不清楚的地方應先進行研究、討論或向指導老師請教，嚴禁盲目操作。2．試驗時要聽從指導老師的指揮，試件破壞時要特別注意安全。3．對與本試驗無關的儀器設備不要亂動，否則損壞儀器由自己負責。

八、試驗結果分析1、測量結果：表一各控制點在多級荷載下的應變測量結果、邁荷P/KN控制點123451-3300-6300-9200-12400-1390028001500210028003500300100100700430014002400350046005260045005800710082006-1500-2400-3600-4800-54007-2500-4300-6000-7700-8500表二各控制點應變對應的桿件截面軸力計算結果、遵荷P/KN控制點123451-293.139-559.629-817.236-1101.49-1234.74271.064133.245186.543248.724310.9053008.8838.88362.181426.649124.362213.192310.905408.6185230.958399.735515.214630.693728.4066-133.245-213.192-319.788-426.384-479.6827-222.075-381.969-532.98-683.991-755.055注：由于實驗時間與實驗條件限制，本實驗中只求軸力的實驗值與模擬計算值2、繪制荷載應變曲線3450變數(shù)據(jù)12617100005000-5000-10000-15000-20000荷載3450變數(shù)據(jù)12617100005000-5000-10000-15000-20000荷載數(shù)據(jù)為線性的，因此具有較好的重復性。3數(shù)據(jù)為線性的，因此具有較好的重復性。3、ANSYS軟件模擬計算的數(shù)據(jù)ANSYS模擬軸力圖AN.ynp-j=i牛i罰.次】.那AN.ynp-j=i牛i罰.次】.那MM-換.■衛(wèi)3ELI4=MJS工打2力點IiLUi-iiyfiANSYS模擬彎矩圖4。分析數(shù)據(jù)PRINTELEMENTTABLEITEMSPERELEMENT*****POST1ELEMENTTABLELISTING*****STATCURRENTCURRENTCURRENTCURRENTELEMSMIS1SMIS7SMIS6SMIS121496.10496.10-1.3967-0.996662496.10496.10-0.99666-0.59665

3496.10496.10-0.59665-0.196634496.10496.10-0.196630.203385496.10496.100.203380.603406496.10496.100.603401.00347496.10496.101.00341.40348496.10496.101.40341.80349496.10496.101.80342.203510496.10496.102.20352.603511516.36516.36-2.3813-1.520512516.36516.36-1.5205-0.6596213516.36516.36-0.659620.2012414516.36516.360.201241.062115516.36516.361.06211.922916516.36516.361.92292.783817516.36516.362.78383.644718516.36516.363.64474.505519516.36516.364.50555.366420516.36516.365.36646.227221516.36516.366.22725.366422516.36516.365.36644.505523516.36516.364.50553.644724516.36516.363.64472.7838

25516.36516.362.78381.922926516.36516.361.92291.062127516.36516.361.06210.2012428516.36516.360.20124-0.6596229516.36516.36-0.65962-1.520530516.36516.36-1.5205-2.381331496.10496.102.60352.203532496.10496.102.20351.803433496.10496.101.80341.403434496.10496.101.40341.003435496.10496.101.00340.6034036496.10496.100.603400.2033837496.10496.100.20338-0.1966338496.10496.10-0.19663-0.5966539496.10496.10-0.59665-0.9966640496.10496.10-0.99666-1.396741-698.69-698.69-1.3967-1.259942-698.69-698.69-1.2599-1.123043-698.69-698.69-1.1230-0.9862444-698.69-698.69-0.98624-0.8494245-698.69-698.69-0.84942-0.7126146-698.69-698.69-0.71261-0.5757947-698.69-698.69-0.57579-0.4389848-698.69-698.69-0.43898-0.3021749-698.69-698.69-0.30217-0.1653550-698.69-698.69-0.16535-0.28540E-0151-698.69-698.69-0.28540E-010.1082752-698.69-698.690.108270.2450953-698.69-698.690.245090.3819054-698.69-698.690.381900.5187155-698.69-698.690.518710.6555356-962.28-962.286.34194.673057-962.28-962.284.67303.004258-962.28-962.283.00421.335459-962.28-962.281.3354-0.3334560-962.28-962.28-0.33345-2.002361-962.28-962.28-2.0023-3.671162-962.28-962.28-3.6711-5.339963-962.28-962.28-5.3399-7.0088

64-962.28-962.28-7.0088-8.677665-962.28-962.28-8.6776-10.34666-962.28-962.28-10.346-8.677667-962.28-962.28-8.6776-7.008868-962.28-962.28-7.0088-5.339969-962.28-962.28-5.3399-3.671170-962.28-962.28-3.6711-2.002371-962.28-962.28-2.0023-0.3334572-962.28-962.28-0.333451.335473-962.28-962.281.33543.004274-962.28-962.283.00424.673075-962.28-962.284.67306.341976-698.69-698.690.655530.5187177-698.69-698.690.518710.3819078-698.69-698.690.381900.2450979-698.69-698.690.245090.1082780-698.69-698.690.10827-0.28540E-0181-698.69-698.69-0.28540E-01-0.1653582-698.69-698.69-0.16535-0.30217ELEMSMIS1SMIS7SMIS6SMIS1283-698.69-698.69-0.30217-0.4389884-698.69-698.69-0.43898-0.5757985-698.69-698.69-0.57579-0.7126186-698.69-698.69-0.71261-0.8494287-698.69-698.69-0.84942-0.9862488-698.69-698.69-0.98624-1.123089-698.69-698.69-1.1230-1.259990-698.69-698.69-1.2599-1.3967919.21689.21685.14354.1306929.21689.21684.13063.1178939.21689.21683.11782.1050949.21689.21682.10501.0922959.21689.21681.09220.79329E-01969.21689.21680.79329E-01-0.93350979.21689.2168-0.93350-1.9463989.21689.2168-1.9463-2.9591999.21689.2168-2.9591-3.97201009.21689.2168-3.9720-4.9848101-933.25-933.25-0.10870E-11-0.13503E-11102-933.25-933.25-0.13038E-11-0.14852E-11STATCURRENTCURRENTCURRENTCURRENT

CURRENT-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-933.25 -933.25-0.15661E-11-0.17563E-11-0.16783E-11-0.18730E-11-0.18778E-11-0.17013E-11-0.17560E-11-0.18880E-11-0.18648E-11-0.17842E-11-0.17942E-11-0.16412E-11-0.65402E-12-0.28357E-129.21689.2168-5.1435-4.13069.21689.2168-4.1306-3.11789.21689.2168-3.1178-2.10509.21689.2168-2.1050-1.09229.21689.2168-1.0922-0.79329E-019.21689.2168-0.79329E-010.933509.21689.21680.933501.94639.21689.21681.94632.95919.21689.21682.95913.97209.21689.21683.97204.9848633.09633.090.542870.65927633.09633.090.659270.77566633.09633.090.775660.89205103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123*****POST1ELEMENTTABLELISTING*****STATCURRENTCURRENTCURRENTCURRENTELEMSMIS1SMIS7SMIS6SMIS12124633.09633.090.892051.0084125633.09633.091.00841.1248126633.09633.091.12481.2412127633.09633.091.24121.3576128633.09633.091.35761.4740129633.09633.091.47401.5904130633.09633.091.59041.7068131633.09633.091.70681.8232132633.09633.091.82321.9396133633.09633.091.93962.0560134633.09633.092.05602.1724135633.09633.092.17242.2888136633.09633.092.28882.1724137633.09633.092.17242.0560138633.09633.092.05601.9396139