材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)下英文chpt

材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）FundamentalsofMaterialsScience(II)——材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

(II)Chapter1

PhaseDiagrams-Partd§7.Applicationsofbinaryphasediagrams材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）NoticesExperimentI(Fe-Cphasediagram)inweek6.ExperimentIIBinaryandTernaryphasediagramsinweek9,andrecoveryandrecrystallizationon13Eachstudentmustattendalab.Nopermissionforabsence.Writeareportforeachlab.材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）§7.Applicationsofbinaryphasediagrams3.DetailedCasestudyofFe-Csystem1).ImportanceofFe-Csystem

Thegreatesttonnageofmetallicmaterials

Strongeffectonglobaleconomy!

Completeness Noothersystemsinvestigatedasearlyandasthrough

Generality Variousreactions:eutectic,peritectic,eutectoid,allotropic

Fe-Fe3C(moreimportantthanFe-C) Thebasisofsteelsandcaseirons

Rememberit:

theshape,thephases,themeaningofeachline,importantpoints(especiallyinthesolidpart),thefractionsofphasesormicrostructureofanygivenalloyatroomT.材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Fe-Fe3C（鐵－滲碳體）phasediagramW.D.Callister,7eLiquidphase2).PhasesinFe-C(Fe3C)systemCementite

-Ferrite-Austenite

-Ferrite材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）

-Ferrite(鐵素體,又叫高溫鐵素體)Solidsolution(interstitial)ofCinbcc-Fewt%C<0.09

-Fe

1394-1538℃材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）

-Austenite(奧氏體)Solidsolution(interstitial)ofCinfcc-Fewt%C

<2.14

-Fe,912-1394℃材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）

-Ferrite(鐵素體)Solidsolution(interstitial)ofCinbcc-Fewt%C<0.022(0.0218)

-Fe,<912℃BACK材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Cementite(滲碳體,鐵三碳)InterstitialcompoundofFe&C,(p.140)wt%C=6.69,<1252℃Crystalstructure=orthorhombicSpanosandKralInternationalMaterialsReviews2009閆佳易，2009材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）2).PhasesinFe-C(Fe3C)systemLiquid

-Ferrite(鐵素體)wt%C<0.09(

-Fe,1394-1538℃)solidsolutionofCinbcc-Fe

-Austenite(奧氏體)wt%C<2.11

(

-Fe,912-1394℃,727-1493℃)solidsolutionofCinfcc-Fe

-Ferrite(鐵素體)wt%C<0.022

(

-Fe,<912℃) solidsolutionofCinbcc-FeCementite(滲碳體,鐵三碳)wt%C=6.69(6.67) (<~1252℃) interstitialcompoundofFe&C,(p.140) crystalstructure=orthorhombicWhysolubilityofCmoreinFCCthanBCC(2.1wt%vs0.022wt%)?InterstitialregionsarelargerinFCCthanBCC.cementite+Fe3C+Fe3CL滲碳體鐵素體奧氏體鐵素體Summary材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Fe-Fe3C（鐵－滲碳體）phasediagramW.D.Callister,7eLiquidphase

-Ferrite

-Ferrite-AusteniteSummaryCementiteEutectoid(Pearlite)(珠光體,復(fù)相)Eutectic(Ledeburite)(萊氏體,復(fù)相)Peritectic(g)3)IsothermalreactionsinFe-Fe3Csystem材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）

Peritecticreactionat1495℃

L(0.53)+

(0.09)

(0.16)Microstructure:

g

(the

productofthereaction)材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructures:productofthereaction

Eutecticreactionat1148℃

Ledeburite(萊氏體)=

(cm+p)+cmW.D.CallisterLL(4.3)

(2.14)+Cm(6.69)看去奧氏體比滲碳體是否滿足杠桿定律？為什么？材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructure:(product,alsoforothereutectoidreaction)S.KalpakjianandS.R.SchmidPearlite(p,珠光體)=

+cmEutectoidreactionat727℃

(0.76)

(0.022)+Cm(6.69)材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Peritectic1495℃ L(0.53)+

(0.09)

(0.17)Eutectic

1148℃ L(4.3)

(2.11)+Cm(6.69)Eutectoid727℃

(0.77)

(0.0218)+Cm(6.69)Microstructures(組織)fromthereactionsProductofaneutecticreaction Ledeburite(萊氏體)4.3(

(cm+p)+cm))Productofaneutectoidreaction Pearlite(珠光體)0.77(

+cm) 珠光體萊氏體3)IsothermalreactionsinFe-Fe3CsystemSummary材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）2.11-4.34.34.3-6.67Hypoeutectic（亞共晶）Eutectic

（共晶）Hypereutectic（過共晶）<0.770.77>0.77Hypoeutectoid（亞共析）Eutectoid（共析）Hypereutectoid（過共析）Microstructureregions材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）鋼和鐵的成分區(qū)間

Usually,steelshave<1.2wt%C;castironshave3-4.2wt%CSteelCastiron一次滲碳體三次滲碳體二次滲碳體材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Schematicrepresentationofthemicrostructuresforaniron-carbonalloyofeutectoidcompositionaboveandbelowtheeutectoidtemperature共析成分冷卻和微觀組織（珠光體）W.D.CallisterS.KalpakjianandS.R.Schmid.4).MicrostructurefromequilibriumcoolingofgivenalloysMicrostructuresforaneutectoidsteel材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）共析鋼微觀組織——珠光體，由鐵素體（白）和Fe3C滲碳體（appeardark黑）組成Photomicrographof(a)coarsepearliteand(b)finepearlite(3000x)（a）粗珠光體（b）細(xì)珠光體W.D.Callister材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Spheroidisationisaheattreatmentcarriedoutonsteelscontainingpearliteinordertoinducethecementitelamallaetochangeintosphericalshapes.Theheattreatmentiscarriedoutatatemperaturewhichisbelowthatrequiredtogenerateaustenite,i.e.,justbelowtheAe1temperature.Thehigherthespheroidisationtemperature,thefasteristheprocess.Pearlitewith0.24micrometersinterlamellarspacingFromH.K.D.H.BhadeshiaAfterspheroidisationfor1.5hat750centigradeSpheroidisationofPearlite材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）FromH.K.D.H.BhadeshiaA5thcenturyA.D.nailfromaRomanhermitageinMijangos(BurgosProvince),showingthepearliteinahypereutectoidsteel.Highermagnificationimageshowingthestrangepatternofproeutectoidcementiteandcementitewhichusedtobeinpearlite.PearliteinahypoeutectoidsteelRomannailfromCerroMuriano(Cordobaprovince),datingfirstcenturyB.C.to1stcenturyA.D.Showscementiteinthepearliteasprismaticlamellae.Theoriginalnailwas12cmlong,fromaRomanthermalspring.VeryOldPearlite材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Schematicrepresentationofthemicrostructuresforaniron–carbonalloyofhypoeutectoidcomposition(containinglessthan0.77%C)asitiscooledfromwithintheaustenitephaseregiontobelowtheeutectoidtemperature亞共析成分從奧氏體區(qū)冷卻形成的顯微組織結(jié)構(gòu)W.D.CallisterMicrostructuresofahypoeutectoidsteel材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）W.D.CallisterMicrostructures

ofhypoeutectoidsteelsproeutectoida

先共析鐵素體(white)+pearlite珠光體(gray)fromFuruharaFerrite+martensite馬氏體材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）AJourneyintotheInnerPartofaSteelFrom:ManfredRühle,2007材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Cm?Schematicrepresentationofthemicrostructuresforaniron-carbonalloyofhypereutectoidcomposition(containingbetween0.77%and2.1%C)asitiscooledfromwithintheaustenitephaseregiontobelowtheeutectoidtemperature過共析成分冷卻及其微觀組織Photomicrographof1.2wt%Csteelconsistingofawhitecementitenetwork(1000x)白色為的滲碳體網(wǎng)絡(luò)W.F.SmithandJ.Hashemi4eW.D.CallisterMicrostructuresofahypereutectoidsteel材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）AhypereutectoidsteelshowingFe3Csurroundingpearlite(FromASMHandbook,Vol.7,(1972),ASMInternational,MaterialsPark,OH44073.)MicrostructuresofhypereutectoidsteelsWademastatencementiteSpanosandKralInternationalMaterialsReviews2009魏氏體滲碳體材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructuresofeutecticwhitecastiron共晶白口鑄鐵材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructuresofhypoeutecticwhitecastiron亞共晶白口鑄鐵材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructuresofhypereutecticwhitecastiron過共晶白口鑄鐵材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Variationofmicrostructureswithcomposition鐵碳合金組織區(qū)與成分的關(guān)系,p385Fractionofmicrostructures100％0Cm?+P+Ld’組織比CmI：一次滲碳體CmII：二次滲碳體CmIII：三次滲碳體材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）Microstructuresofsteelsandwhitecastiron下一課背畫鐵碳相圖一塊成分有有梯度的鋼，組織如何分布？作業(yè)要求畫圖。材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）滲碳與脫碳利用兩相區(qū)減少脫碳表面脫碳滲碳表面材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）?Teutectoidchanges:?Ceutectoidchanges:AdaptedfromFig.9.31,Callister6e.AdaptedfromFig.9.32,Callister6e.Alloyingsteelscontainingdifferentalloyingelements材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）5).Fe-Csystem(dashedlines)

Thermodynamicreasonfortherelativepositions§7.ApplicationsofbinaryphasediagramsFig.6-55

相，滲碳體和石墨的自由能曲線Graphite(石墨),wt%C100相圖位置：與更穩(wěn)定相平衡的固溶體溶解度?。〔牧峡茖W(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）

鐵—碳相圖(dashedlines)鐵—鐵三碳相圖(solidlines)

RepresentationofpointsA,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,(I)J,K,(L,M),N,(O)P,(Q,R)SManyPDothersdonothaveFig.6-52RobertsAustenFe-C平衡圖（1897）材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）5).Fe-Csystem(dashedlines)

Changesoftheimportantpoints:C(wt%)

T(C

)CESPCTCTCTCTFe-Fe3C4.31147(8)2.14(11)1147(8)0.76(7)7270.022(0.0218)727Fe-C4.2(26)1153(4)2.10(08)1153(4)0.65(8)740(38)0.021740(38)§7.Applicationsofbinaryphasediagrams材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）FromASMhandbookFe-C:solidlineFe-Fe3C:dashedline材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）?2003Brooks/Cole,adivisionofThomsonLearning,Inc.ThomsonLearning?isatrademarkusedhereinunderlicense.(a)Sketch,(b)photomicrographoftheflakegraphiteingraycastiron(x100).Askeland,PhuléFigure12.35

Grayiron（灰口鐵）FerriticgrayironwithgraphiteflakesS.KalpakjianandS.R.Schmid.vs白口鐵材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）W.G.Moffatt,G.w.PearsallandJ.Wulff鑄鐵的分類W.D.Callister白口鐵灰口鐵球墨鑄鐵可鍛鑄鐵材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）(d)Annealedductileironwithaferritematrix(250x).（退火后的球墨鑄鐵）(e)As-castductileironwithamatrixofferrite(white)andpearlite(250x).（鑄造后的球墨鑄鐵）(f)Normalizedductileironwithapearlitematrix(250x).（正火處理后的球墨鑄鐵）Askeland,Phulé材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）(a)Whitecastironpriortoheattreatment(100x).（白口鑄鐵）(b)FerriticmalleableironwithgraphitenodulesandsmallMnSinclusionsinaferritematrix(200x).（鐵素體可鍛鑄鐵）(c)Pearliticmalleableirondrawntoproduceatemperedmartensitematrix(500x).（珠光體可鍛鑄鐵）Askeland,PhuléBlackheartcastironBlackheartcastironisproducedbyheatingwhitecastironat900-950oCformanydaysbeforecoolingslowly.Bhadeshia材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）(a)Ferriticgrayironwithgraphiteflakes.(b)FerriticDuctileiron(nodulariron),withgraphiteinnodularform.(c)Ferriticmalleableiron;abcS.KalpakjianandS.R.SchmidFigure4.13.材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）FromMiguelAngelYescas-GonzalezandH.K.D.H.HeatTreatedSpheroidalGraphiteCastIronAustenitisedat950°C,austemperedat350°Cfor64min.toproducethebainiticmicrostructureAustemperedductileironsuspensionarmforaFordMustangCobra,(Alalloyistoolarge,steelfailedatthewelds)TheaustemperedductileironcrankshaftfortheTVRsportscarIronbridge,madeofcastiron材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（II）問題與思考鐵為什么要燒紅了打？從什么溫度淬火都能滿足要求嗎？自行車中何處用低碳鋼？高碳鋼？xx體都是單相嗎？針對特定相結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（I