報關與國際貨運專業(yè)英語Module Two 第一單元

ModuleTwoInspectionDeclaration

Unit1IntroductiontoEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineⅠ.ConceptofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantinereferstothesupervisionandmanagementworkofinspectionandquarantineagenciesandorgans,includinginspection,quarantineandcertificationontheentry&exitgoods,conveyanceandpersons.

一、出入境檢驗檢疫的概念出入境檢驗檢疫是指檢驗檢疫部門和檢驗檢疫機構依照法律.行政法規(guī)和國際慣例等的要求，對出入境的貨物、交通運輸工具、人員等進行檢驗檢疫、認證及簽發(fā)官方檢驗檢疫證明等監(jiān)督管理工作。Ⅱ.EmergenceofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.In1348,thefirsthealthquarantinestationwassetupinVenice,Italy.2.In1864,thefirstChinesecommodityinspectionagencies,ShanghaiRenjiForeignFirm,theissuanceagentofLloyd'sofLondonstartedthebusinessofmarineinsurance,shipinspection,andevaluation.3.In1928,NationalGovernmentDepartmentofTradeandIndustryissuedProvisionalRulesofCommodityExportInspection,whichwasthefirstregulationoncommodityinspectioninChina.4.In1929,ShanghaiCommodityInspectionBureauundertheMinistryofIndustryandCommercewasestablished,whichwasthefirstofficialcommodityinspectionagenciesestablishedbygovernment.5.In1932,theRepublicofChinaissuedCommodityInspectionAct,thefirstlawofChinesecommodityinspection.6.TheonlytwobureausofcommodityinspectionexistingduringAnti-JapaneseWarweretheChongqingCommodityInspectionBureauandtheKunmingCommodityInspectionBureau.7.In1940,Wang'spuppetgovernmentcontinuedtoimplementCommodityInspectionAct,andsetCommodityInspectionBureausinShanghai,Tianjin,Qingdaoandothercities.8.AfterthefoundationofnewChina,theForeignTradeDivisionundertheCentralMinistryofTradeestablishedtheCommodityInspectionDepartment,unifiedthenationalcommodityinspectionwork,andsetuplocalCommodityInspectionBureauacrossthecountry.9.In1952,theCentralMinistryofTradewasdividedintotheCommerceofDepartmentandtheForeignTradeMinistry.10.In1959,PremierZhouemphasizedthatforeigntradersshouldabidebythecontract,behonestandfocusonthequalityratherthanthequantity,regardingthequalityproblemsintheimportandexportcommodities.11.In1972,theForeignTradeMinistryissuednotificationonstrengtheningthequalityinspectionofexportcommoditiesinviewofthequalityreductionprobleminexportcommodities.12.In1980,CommodityInspectionBureauoftheMinistryofForeignTradewaschangedintotheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyboththecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernment,andthecentralgovernmentplaysthemainleadingrole.13.In1982,theStateCouncilwasrestructuredandtheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditieswasrenamedtheStateAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyMOFTEC（theMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation）.14.OnFebruary21st,1989,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionwasapproved.15.In1992,approvedbytheStateCouncil,theRegulationsfortheImplementationoftheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionpromulgatedbyStateAdministrationofImportandExportCommodityInspectioncameintoforce.16.In1903,theCentral-eastRailwayAdministrationsetupVeterinaryQuarantineDepartment,whichwasthefirstanimalandplantquarantineinstitutioninChina.17.In1927,theInspectionStationforFur,LeatherandMeatundertheMinistryofAgricultureandIndustrywasestablishedinTianjin,anditwasofficialanimalandplantquarantineorganinChina.18.OnOctober30th,1991,theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheEntryandExitAnimalandPlantQuarantinewaspromulgated.In1995,StateAnimalandPlantQuarantineStationwasrenamedGeneralAdministrationofAnimalandPlantInspection.19.In1873,ShanghaiandXiamenCustomssetuphealthandquarantineinstitutions,whichwerethebeginningofthehealthandquarantinewithinChina'sterritory.20.In1986,theFrontierHealthandQuarantineLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawaspromulgated,andin1992,allsanitaryquarantineofficeswererenamedhygienequarantinebureaus,andin1995,GeneralHealthQuarantineBureauwasrenamedtheHealthQuarantineBureauofPRC.二、出入境檢驗檢疫的產生1.1348年意大利政府在威尼斯港建立了世界上第一個衛(wèi)生檢疫站。2.1864年，由英商勞合社的保險代理人上海仁記洋行代辦水險和船舶檢驗、鑒定業(yè)務，這是中國第一個辦理商檢的機構。3.1928年，國民政府工商部頒布了《商品出口檢驗暫行規(guī)則》，這是中國有關商品檢驗的第一個法規(guī)。4.1929年，工商部上海商品檢驗局成立，這是中國第一個由國家設立的官方商品檢驗機構。5.1932年，國民政府行政院通過了《商品檢驗法》，這是中國商品檢驗最早的法律。6.抗戰(zhàn)時期僅存的兩個商品檢驗局是重慶商檢局和昆明商檢局。7.1940年，汪偽政府也照搬了原國民政府的商檢法，并設立上海、天津和青島等商檢局。8.新中國成立以后，中央貿易部國外貿易司設立了商品檢驗處，統一領導全國商檢工作，并在各地設立商檢局。9.1952年，中央貿易部分為商業(yè)部和對外貿易部。10.1959年，周恩來總理針對進出口商品存在的質量問題，強調對外貿易必須“重合同、守信用，重質先于重量”。11.1972年，針對出口商品質量下降等問題，對外貿易部發(fā)出“關于把好出口商品質量關的通知”。12.1980年，將外貿部商品檢驗總局改為進出口商品檢驗總局，中央地方雙重領導，以中央領導為主。13.1982年，國務院機構改革，進出口商品檢驗總局更名為進出口商品檢驗局，由外經貿部管理。14.1989年2月21日通過了《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法》。15.1992年，經國務院批準，由國家商檢局發(fā)布施行《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法實施條例》。16.1903年，在中東鐵路管理局建立了鐵路獸醫(yī)檢疫處，這是中國最早的進出境動植物檢疫機構。17.1927年，天津成立的“農工部毛革肉類檢查所”，是中國官方最早的動植物檢疫機構。18.1991年10月30日公布了《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法》，1995年國家動植物檢疫總所更名為國家動植物檢疫局。19.1873年，在上海、廈門海關設立衛(wèi)生檢疫機構，這是中國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫的雛形。20.1986年公布了《中華人民共和國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法》，1992年各地衛(wèi)生檢疫所更名為衛(wèi)生檢疫局，1995年中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生檢疫總所更名為中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生檢疫局。

Ⅲ.TheDevelopmentofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.InMarch,1998,theStateCouncilcarriedoutinstitutionalreform.StateAdministrationofImportandExportCommoditiesInspection,StateAdministrationofAnimalandPlantquarantine,andStateAdministrationofHealthandQuarantineweremergedtoestablishtheAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine,namelycombiningthreeinspectionsintoone.

2.OnApril10th,2001,theformerAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineandChinaStateBureauofQualityTechnicalSupervision（CSBTS）weremergedtosetuptheGeneralAdministrationforQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine（AQSIQ）.Atthesametime,theCertificationandAccreditationAdministrationofthePRCandtheStandardizationAdministrationofthePRCwereestablishedtoseparatelymanagetheworkofqualitycertificationandaccreditationaswellasstandardization.

三、出入境檢驗檢疫的發(fā)展1.1998年3月，國務院實施機構改革，國家進出口商品檢驗局、國家動植物檢疫局、國家衛(wèi)生檢疫局合并組建國家出入境檢驗檢疫局，即“三檢合一”。2.2001年4月10日，原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局和國家質量技術監(jiān)督局合并成立國家質量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局，同時成立國家認證認可監(jiān)督管理委員會和國家標準化管理委員會，分別管理全國質量認證、認可和標準化工作。Ⅳ.

LegalStatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.

ThelegalstatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisfundamentallyestablishedbytheformoflaw.2.TheStateAdministrationforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine（SAIQ）istheadministrativelawenforcementinstitutionsoffourlaws,andpossesseslawrights.Withtheaimofthecentralization,unityandconsistency,itimplementstheverticalsystemofleadershipapprovedbytheStateCouncil.3.TherelativelycompletedlawandregulationsysteminChinaisthefoundationforinspectionandquarantineinstitutionstoimplementlaw.4.ThecompletesupervisionproceduresofChinainspection&quarantinelawsandregulationsguaranteetheefficientenforcementoflaws.FromJanuary1st,2000,thenewcustomsclearancemodewascarriedout:inspectiondeclarationfirst,customssecond.四、中國出入境檢驗檢疫的法律地位1.國家以法律形式從根本上確定了中國出入境檢驗檢疫的法律地位。2.中國出入境檢驗檢疫機構是四部法律的行政執(zhí)法機構，依法具有執(zhí)法主體地位。為強調執(zhí)法的集中統一和一致對外，國務院批準檢驗檢疫部門實行垂直領導體制。3.中國相對完成的出入境檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)體系，是檢驗檢疫機構依法施檢的執(zhí)法基礎。4.中國檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)具有完備的監(jiān)管程序，保證了法律的有效實施。自2000年1月1日起，我國實行的新通關模式為：“先報檢、再報關。”Ⅴ.TheRoleofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalsovereignty.2.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalmanagementfunction.3.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheguaranteeofsuccessfultransactionsandsustainabledevelopmentofChineseforeigntrade.4.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisofsignificantmeaninginprotectingtheproductionsafetyofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfishery,promotingtheforeigntradeofagriculturalandanimalproductsandprotectingcitizen'shealth.5.Theimplementationoffrontierhealthquarantineinentry-exitinspectionandquarantineistheguaranteeofourpeople'shealth.五、中國出入境檢驗檢疫的作用其包括：①出入境檢驗檢疫是國家主權的體現。②出入境檢驗檢疫是國家管理職能的體現。③出入境檢驗檢疫是中國對外貿易順利進行和持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。④出入境檢驗檢疫對保護農林牧漁業(yè)生產安全、促進農畜產品的對外貿易和保護人體健康具有重要的意義。⑤出入境檢驗檢疫實施國境衛(wèi)生檢疫是保護我國人民健康的重要屏障。Ⅵ.ObjectiveandTaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisageneralterm,includingtheinspection,quarantine,appraisalsupervisionandadministrationontheentry&exitcommodities,theconveyance（forgoods,animals,plantsandpassengers）,transportationequipment,andhealthquarantineonentrypersonsaswellashealthsupervisionattheport,whichareallconductedbytheentry&exitinstitutionsinaccordancewithnationalinspectionandquarantinelawsandregulations.

TheobjectiveandtaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineinclude:

Firstly,implementinspection,appraisal,supervisionandadministrationovertheentry-exitcommodities.Strengthentheinspectionofentry-exitcommodities,standardizeinspectionandquarantineprocedureinordertoprotectpublicinterestandlegalrightofallrelevantpartiesinimportandexporttrade,andpromoteforeigntradedevelopment.

Secondly,implementquarantine,supervisionandadministrationontheentry-exitanimals,plantsandtheirproductsincludingconveyanceandthepackingmaterials,topreventgermsandpestsfrombeingbroughtinoroutandprotecthumanhealthandglobalenvironment.

Thirdly,implementfrontierhealthquarantineandporthealthsupervisionovertheentry-exitpersons,conveyance,transportationequipmentandpotentialtransmissionmedialikeluggage,goods,andparcels,topreventthetransmissionofinfectiousdisease.

Fourthly,breakTechnicalBarrierstoTrade（TBTininternationaltrade）.

六、出入境檢驗檢疫的目的和任務出入境檢驗檢疫工作是出入境檢驗檢疫機構依照國家檢驗檢疫法律法規(guī)規(guī)定，對進出境的商品以及運載這些商品、動植物和旅客的交通工具、運輸設備，分別實施檢驗、檢疫、鑒定、監(jiān)督管理，對出入境人員實施衛(wèi)生檢疫及口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督的統稱。出入境檢驗檢疫的目的和任務包括：第一，對進出口商品進行檢驗、鑒定和監(jiān)督管理，加強進出口商品檢驗工作，規(guī)范進出口商品檢驗行為，維護社會公共利益和進出口貿易有關各方的合法權益，促進對外貿易的順利發(fā)展。第二，對出入境動植物及其產品，包括其運輸工具及包裝材料進行檢疫和監(jiān)督管理，防止病菌害蟲等傳入或傳出，保護人類健康及國際環(huán)境。

第三，對出入境人員、交通工具、運輸設備以及可能傳播病菌的行李、貨物、郵包等物品實施國境衛(wèi)生檢疫和口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督，防止傳染病的傳播。第四，打破國際貿易中的技術性壁壘Ⅶ.ManagementSystemandInstitutionalFrameworkofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.AQSIQ（GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervisionInspectionandQuarantine）appliesverticalmanagementoverentry&exitinspectionandquarantineorgans.2.AQSIQisthetopleadingunitinthequalitysupervisionsystemandresponsibleforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineacrossthecountry.Itisalsoaministerial-leveldepartmentdirectlyundertheStateCouncil.3.Entry-exitinstitutionsaredividedintothreelevelswhichareAQSIQ,administrationsofentry-exitinspectionandquarantine,andthebranchentry-exitinspectionandquarantineinstitution.4.Thebranchentry-e