虛擬語氣總結(jié)附練習(xí)及答案

虛擬語氣簡介虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現(xiàn)的情況時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或某種強烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。即當(dāng)一個人說話時欲強調(diào)其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，愿望，假想，猜測，懷疑或建議，而不是根據(jù)客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+助動詞的過去式(were,did,had)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.與將來事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞過去式If+主語+wereto+動詞原形If+主語+should+動詞原形(注意不能是would)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.錯綜時間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.—WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機會，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.—Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來得早點，你就能趕上公共汽車。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.—Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。③用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬元，你會做什么？Wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,?=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,?=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,?沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。④含蓄條件句有時在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。虛擬語氣(2)——虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建議、請求、命令、愿望等動詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律——名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動詞時何種形式,從句的謂語形式均為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省去。(特別提醒：不是用would,而是用shouldo)常見的這類動詞有:ask要求,advise建議,beg懇求,suggest建議,command命令,demand要求，request請求，insist堅持，require要求，order下令，propose打算，recommend推薦，intend打算,prefer寧愿,permit允許,persuade勸說，expect期望，decide決定‘instruct命令，object拒絕,determine決定,urge力勸,appoint約定等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅持她馬上就做。在Itis/was+上述動詞的-ed形式+that從句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個表語從句或者同位語從句時Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff

2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參加會議。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時到達那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.虛擬語氣（3—虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語從句中對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去時IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能夠年輕一點。對過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時（haddone）或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我當(dāng)時在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我當(dāng)時沒參加那個聚會。對將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“would/could+動詞原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相冋，只是比wish具有更強烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.（對將來的虛擬）但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）我的個子要是能咼一點就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!（對過去的虛擬）要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時Ireallydon'tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實相反，謂語用過去完成時Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時在場一樣。有時也用陳述語氣，這時表示較大的真實性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去過美國。

在wouldrather結(jié)構(gòu)中wouldratherdosth.表示將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆著。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示過去的事件，主語丁愿自己過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她覺得真是不該去參加那個晚會。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個人做某事”Don'tcometomorrow.I'dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就別來了，我希望你下周末過來。wouldrathersb.haddone表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)從句中從句中用過去時，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱們應(yīng)該開始干活了。各類用法條件狀語從句分類條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。例如：Ifhedoesn'thurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。（真實）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實）IfIwereyou,lwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。（我不可能是你。非真實，虛擬語氣）Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（不可能沒有空氣。非真實，虛擬語氣）1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況：從句：lf+主語+過去時（Be動詞用were）主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你）IfIknewhistelephonenumber」wouldtellyou.

如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道）Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。（事實：地球上既有空氣也有水）IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒有帶錢）Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：沒有努力）ShelookedatmeasifIhadbeenastranger.她看我的樣子好像我是一個陌生人。（事實：我并非陌生人）IfIwereyou,I'dwearashirtandtie.如果我是你，我就會穿襯衫和領(lǐng)帶。（事實：我并不是你）2、表示與過去事實相反的情況從句：If主語+had+done主句：主語+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg：IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了）Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話）表示對將來情況的主觀推測從句：①f+主語+weretodof+主語+should+dof+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were主句：主語+should/would/could/might+doeg：Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.

如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇＃ㄊ聦崳簛淼目赡苄院苄。㊣ftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：下雪可能性很?。㊣fsheweretobeherenextMonday」wouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。（事實：來的可能性很?。?、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。eg：IfIhadworkedhardatschool」wouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會成為一個工程師了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。5、 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。eg：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果他懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,

這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…，butfor…等eg：Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction」wouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進步。Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。7、有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。省略叢句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你本能通過這次考試的。省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是只有我得到它了該多好啊。8■注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were,不用was。eg：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會去找他。目的狀語從句1、 在forfearthat,incase,lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should+do。并且should能省略Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathief(should)comein.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。Hestartedoutearlierlesthe(should)belate.他早早的就出發(fā)了以防遲到。2、 在sothat,inorderthat所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can/could/may/might/will/would/should+do。Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。

Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個字。賓語從句[1一、Iwish后的賓語從句動詞wish后接賓語從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或would/could+have+過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用would(could)+動詞原形。如：IwishIcouldbeofsomeuse.我希望我能有什么用處。Wewishhedidn'tsmoke.我們希望他不吸煙。Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.我希望物價能降下來。Iwishthetrainwouldcome.我希望火車會來。二、 表示“堅持”后的賓語從句主要是指insist的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通常可以省略。如：Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我堅持要他留下。HeinsistedthatI(should)gowiththem.他堅持要我同他們一起去。Roseinsistedthathebepresent.羅斯堅持要他出席。Thedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.警探堅持要查看。注意：動詞insist后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。比較：HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅持說我看過他的信。HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他堅持要我看他的信。三、 表示“命令”后的賓語從句主要是指order,command的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Heorderedthatit(should)besentback.他命令把它送回去。Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.法官命令被告還押。TheKingorderedthatthemanbereleased.國王命令釋放那人。Hecommandedthatwe(should)attackatonce.他命令我們立即發(fā)起進攻。

四、表示“建議”后的賓語從句主要是指advise,suggest,propose,recommend等的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.他建議我們早點動身。Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.醫(yī)生勸他換工作。Theyrecommendthatthistaxbeabolished.他們建議取消這種稅。Isuggestthatwe(should)havelunchrightnow.我建議我們現(xiàn)在就吃午飯。Thecommitteeproposed(that)Mr.Daybeelected.委員會建議推選戴先生。Thedoctoradvised[suggested]thathe(should)notsmoke.醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。Iproposethatthematterbeputtothevoteatonce.我提議對此問題立刻進行表決。HeproposedthatMr.O'Learybethechairman.他提議奧列利先生擔(dān)任主席。ShesuggestedthatI(should)beresponsibleforthearrangements.她建議我來負責(zé)進行安排。注意：與動詞insist相似，動詞suggest后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語動詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣，此時suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動詞所表示的情況為既成事實，則要用陳述語氣，此時的suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認為”。比較并體會:Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說的話表明他是個騙子。Isuggestedthatyouhadasecretunderstandingwithhim.我覺得你與他心照不宣。五、表示“要求”后的賓語從句主要是指ask,demand,require,request等后的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Iaskthatheleave.我要求他走開。HerequiresthatI(should)appear.他要求我出場。TheyrequirethatIgoatonce.他們要求我立刻走。IdemandthatJohn(should)gothereatonce.我要求約翰立即到那里去。Irequestedthatheshouldusehisinfluenceonmybehalf.我請求他為我施用他的影響。HeaskedthatthemessagebegiventoMadameimmediately.他要求把信息立即帶給夫人。Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他們要求給予每個成年男子以選舉權(quán)。

六、 表示“提議”“投票”后的賓語從句主要是指move,vote等后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Imovethatweaccepttheproposal.我提議通過這項提案。Mr.Chairman,Ibegtomovethatthemeetingbeadjourned.主席先生，我提議休會。Congresshasvotedthatthepresentlawbemaintained.國會投票決定維持現(xiàn)在這條法律。ClaudelmovedthatNorwoodshouldbemadeamemberofthecommittee.克洛戴爾提出動議，讓諾伍德當(dāng)一名委員。七、 表示“敦促”后的賓語從句主要是指動詞urge后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Heurgesthattherestrictionsbelifted.他敦促取消這些限制。HeurgedthattheygotoEurope.他敦促他們到歐洲去。Heurgedthattheratesshouldbereduced.他敦請減輕捐稅。Heurgedthatthemattershouldgotoarbitration.他極力主張這件事要提交仲裁。Theyurgedthatreliefworkshouldbegivenpriority.他們敦促將救濟工作放在優(yōu)先位置。八、 表示“安排”后的賓語從句主要是指動詞arrange后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篐earrangedthatIshouldgoabroad.他安排我去國外。IarrangedthatTomshouldmeetthem.我安排好叫湯姆去接他們。Theyarrangedthattheministershouldbemetattheairport.他們安排在機場迎接這位部長。Itwasarrangedthattheyshouldleavethefollowingspring.已安排好他們第二年春天離開。They'vearrangedthatIshouldabsentmyselfforpartofthemeeting.他們安排好讓我一部分時間不在開會現(xiàn)場。九、 表示“希望”“打算”后的賓語從句主要是指動詞desire,intend后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篠hedesiresthathedoit.她希望他做此事。

Theyintendedthatthenews(should)besuppressed.他們打算封鎖這條消息。Idesirethepatientshouldhaveabatheveryday.我希望病人每天洗澡。十、表示“指示”后的賓語從句主要是指動詞direct后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：Thegeneraldirectedthattheprisonersshouldbesetfree.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。其他用法1、 一想要(desire)一寧愿(prefer)一堅持(insist)二命令(order,command)三建議(advise,suggest,propose/recommend)四要求(demand,require,request,ask)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用:"should+do"。should可以省略。eg：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Heinsistedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Hedemandthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Heorderedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.insist意為"堅持某種動作”才用虛擬語氣；意為"堅持某種觀點，某個事實”則不用虛擬語氣。eg：Heinsistsheisastudent.他堅持說他是個學(xué)生。這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為暗示唄I」不用虛擬語氣。eg：Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。2、 表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如：necessary>important>impossible>natural、strange、surprising>funny、right、wrong、better、apity,theshame,nowonder等。句型：Itis that+主語從句從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型或只用動詞原型eg:Doyouthinkitisnecessarythathe(should)notbesenttoLingbao.

Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriend.奇怪的是這樣一個人會成為我們的朋友。注：這一點還沒有準確的說法，希望善心人能把這點補充完全。3、 在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中用may/might+動詞原形,may/might可以省略，表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況；從句用過去完成時,表示與過去相反的情況，類似的詞有though/eventhough/whatever/however/solongas;主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。eg：Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。（事實：他沒來）NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.即使華佗在世也救不了他。（事實：華佗不在世）4、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever,however,nomatterwh-等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚簃ay+do。eg：Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhatmayhappen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。Wewillfindhimwhereverhemaybe.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。指過去：may+havedone。eg：Youmustn'tbeproudwhatevergreatprogressyoumayhavemade.不管你取得了多么大的進步，你也不能驕傲。Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhatmistakeshemayhavemade.不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。5、一般wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望,故

使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:過去had+done現(xiàn)在過去時（be用were）將來過去時（be用were）（wouldrather將來情況用一般過去時）eg：I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。rdratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我們倒想你明天去那兒注：注意wouldrather，hadrather，wouldsooner的細微差別，可以百度一下查查。6、 虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis（high/about）timethat+主語+動詞的過去式/should+do（優(yōu)先使用動詞過去式）即從句用虛擬過去式。ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早該上班了。7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣（1）說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為:would/could/might/should+do。eg：Wouldyoumindmeshuttingthedoor?你介意我把門關(guān)起來嗎？Youshouldalwayslearnthislessonbyheart.你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心。Ishouldagreewithyou.

我本該同意你的觀點。(委婉的不同意)表示"祝愿"時，常用may+主語+do。eg：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路順風(fēng)。Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永駐。表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用do。eg：Godblessus.上帝保佑。習(xí)慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。提出請求或邀請。eg：Wouldyouliketohaveatalkwithusthisevening?今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？CouldIuseyourbikenow?我可以用一下你的單車嗎？陳述自己的觀點或看法。eg：Ishouldbegladtomeetyou.見到你我會很高興。Iwouldtrymybesttohelpyou.我會盡力幫助你。提出勸告或建議。eg：You'dbetteraskyourfatherfirst.你最好先問一問你的父親。Youshouldmakeafullinvestigationofitfirst.你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。提出問題。eg：Doyouthinkhecouldgethereontime

你認為他能按時來嗎?Doyouexpecthewouldtellusthetruth?你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+havedone。eg：Youshouldhavegothereearlier.你早該到這里了。Youshouldhavereturnedittohim.你早該把它還給他了。&虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應(yīng)用。詳見百度百科之方式狀語從句詞條。誤區(qū)1.混合條件句的主從句時態(tài)不會靈活變化；2?省略if時，句子調(diào)整不正確3?不會去找意思中的“應(yīng)該”含義；4?陷在虛擬中出不來，把真實條件句當(dāng)成虛擬條件句【典型例題】IfIhadseenthemovie,I youallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold解析：錯選D。此題考查混合條件句。從句表對過去的虛擬，主句表對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以正確答案為A。Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit .A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析：答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時 todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI解析:答案C.在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were,should,had這三個詞,通常將if省略主語提前，變成were,should,had+主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo.,而不能說Weren'tItodo..Mysuggestionisthatshe moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took

解析：錯選A。本題要表達“我的建議是她(應(yīng)該)多鍛煉，這對她會有很大好處?！狈咸摂M的條件，所以正確答案為C?？涨懊媸÷粤藄hould.省略省略連詞if有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略，但此時應(yīng)用倒裝句型，即把從句中的were,should,had等提到句首：WereITom,lwouldrefuse.如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。Shoulditbenecessary」wouldgo.假若有必要，我會去的。Haditnotbeenforthebadweatherwewouldhavearrivedontime.若不是天氣壞，我們就準時到達了。【注】若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were,should,had等縮略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。有時省略if后提前的had不是助動詞:HadItime,Iwouldcome.假若我有時間，我會來的。(=lfIhadtime...)省略主語和動詞be若主從句主語一致，且謂語部分包含有動詞be，通常可將主語和動詞be省略：Ifrepairedearlier,thetractorwouldnothavebrokendown.要是早點兒修一下，拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=lfithadbeenrepairedearlier.)省略“it+be”Ifnecessary,Iwouldsendmorefarmhandstohelpyou.如果需要的話，我會派更多的人去幫你。(=Ifitwasnecessary,...)省略條件從句這樣的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略條件從句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：Imightseeherpersonally.Itwouldbebetter.我可以親自去看她，這樣好一些。(=IfIsawherpersonally,itwouldbebetter.)條件句中條件暗含在短語中如：Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。(暗含條件是otherwise)Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.

沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績。（暗含條件是介詞短語withoutyourhelp）Butforyourhelp,lwouldnothavesucceededintheexperiment.如果沒有你的幫助，我的實驗就不會成功。（暗含條件是butforyourhelp）Itwouldcausegreattroublenottolubricatethebearingimmediately.不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。（暗含條件是nottolubricatethebearingimmediately）條件暗含在上下文中如：Iwouldnothavedoneitthatway.我是不會那么做的。（可能暗含ifIwereyou）Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometohelpyou.我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。（可能暗含ifIhadn'tbeensobusy.Youmightcometojoinusinthediscussion.你可以參加我們的討論。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）IwouldhaveboughttheDVDplayer.我是會買下那臺影碟機的。（可能暗含ifIhadthemoney）Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是碰到暴雨，我們還會早些到。（可能暗含ifithadnotbeenforthestorm）。虛擬語氣練習(xí)題用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：PartA.Ifpeople (drive)moreslowly,therewouldn'tbesomanyaccidents.Ifyouhadworkedcarefully,you (notmake)somanymistakes.Theboatwouldn'thavedriftedaway,ifwe (tie)itup.IfIhadknownyoualready (have)atypewriter,I (not,buy)oneforyourbirthday.Ifhe (be)herethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thematch (postpone).Butforyourhelp,we (notbe)abletofinishtheworkintime.Ifit (not,be)fortheleadershipoftheParty,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.IwishI (study)hardwhileIwasyoung.Itisabouttimethatfence (mend).Myrequestisthatwe (hold)anothersessiontodiscusstheproblem.Itisstrangethatthecar (break)downatexactlythesameplacewhereit (break)downyesterday.Thebabysmiledasifhe (understand)whathismother (say).Hetalkedasifhe (do)alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandI (do)mostofit.Ifonlywe (have)aphone!I'mtiredofqueuingoutsidethepublicphonebox. “Canwecomeinlatetomorrow?” “I'dratheryou (come)inontime.”Helooksasifhe (be)illforalongtime.Healwaystalksasthoughhe (address)apublicmeeting.Ifametal (heat),itwillexpand.I (stay)homeifitrainsthisevening.PartB.Shewouldcallyouimmediatelyifshe (need)help.IfIhadseenthemovie,I (tell)youallaboutitnow.Ifhe (decide)earlier,hecouldhaveleftontheafternoonflight. I (take)myumbrellawithmewhenI (come)outthismorning,I (notbe)sowetnow.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,you (notbe)insuchtroublenow.Iwishthey (stop)makingsomuchnoisesothatIcouldconcentrateonmywork.Itisinconceivablethathe (notsee)methatdayforI (wave)toher.Whatapitythathegaveordersthatallthoselovelytrees (cut)down.Mr.Joneswouldrather (stay)homelastnight.Henrywouldratherthathisbrother (work)inthesamedepartmentashedoes.Electriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughit (be)afluid.We (invite)hertothepartybutwedidn'tknowthatshe (already,come)backfromabroad.Today'sindustrialproduction (be)impossiblewithoutthecontributionmadebythescienceofphysics.Ihatedriving.I'dmuchratheryou (drive).Theguests (arrive)lastnight,butthereisstillnonewsaboutthem.Mother (feel)anxiousifIcamehomelate.EvenifI (be)withyouthen,I (can,not,do)muchforyou.Alessconscientiousman (not,try)sohardtogetthisjobdone.Doyouwishthatyou (have)asisterlikeher?Isn'titsurprisingthathe (have)twocaraccidentsduringthepastweek?選擇題：IfI you,I'djointhearmy.am B.was C.wereD.wouldbe“Ifthesun tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?”willnotrise B.wouldnotriseC.didnotriseD.doesnotriseIfyou toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?areB.willbegoingC.must D.wereIwouldhavesaid“Hello”tohimifI yourbrother.couldseeB.hadseenC.willseeD.willhaveseenIfyouhadwantedtobuyarecord,what ?A.wouldyoubuyB.hadyouboughtC.wouldyouhavebought D.wouldyoubebuyingIfthetabletshaddissolved,John .A.wouldprobablydie B.hadprobablydiedC.probablywouldbedied D.wouldprobablyhavedied ifyouhadlostyourwatch?A.Hadn'tyoubeenupset B.Wouldn'tyoubeupsetC.Weren'tyouupset D.Wouldn'tyouhaveupset “IwassosorrytohearaboutJack.” “Ifhehadmademorefriendshere,hemight .”A.havestayedB.havestayC.stayedD.stayIfIhadabike,I ittoyouyesterday.A.wouldhavelentB.wouldlendC.wouldhavelend D.couldlend ,Johnwouldnothavefailed.A.Ifhehaslistenedtome B.HadhelistenedtomeC.Ifhelistenedtome D.AshelistenedtomeHadAlicebeenmorehardworking,she .A.hadnotfailedB.wouldnothavefailedC.wouldnotfail D.couldnotbefailed“Stevemadeareservationalready.” “ hechangehismind,hecancancelit.”A.Should B.Would C.If D.SoIwishedit butitdid.6.27.28.I ProfessorJoneshadtaughtmethisequation.A.believeB.deeplythinkC.wishD.supposeThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun aroundtheearth.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.becirclingD.werecirclingThecomputer“teacher”wastalkingwithhisstudentsasthoughit ahumanteacher.A.was B.were C.hadbeenD.beJaneappearsasthoughshe thesecret.A.knowsB.knewC.hasknown D.hadknownIfonlyshe ofAuntRuth!A.wasnotterriblysofrightenedwerenotterriblysofrightenedbenotsoterriblyfrightenedwerenotsoterriblyfrightened “IthinkthattheSmithswereembarrassedbyJane'sgenerosity.” “Sheinsisted itasagift.”A.nothemtoacceptB.theiracceptingC.thattheyaccept D.thattheyacceptedThechairmanrequestedthat .A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullytheproblemweremorecarefullystudiedtheproblemcouldbestudiedwithmorecarethemembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully “DidKathyhaveanyideasforJim?” “Shesuggestedthathe acardwithallofournamesonit.”A.send B.sends C.tosend D.sendingTheideaisthatwe anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.A.willsendB.hadsentC.sendD.besentItisnecessarythatthismachine-tool everyday.A.beoiledB.oil C.istobeoiled D.oiled “That'sabeautifulcoatinthewindow.” “Itcertainlyis.IfIhadthemoney buyit.”A.I'dB.I'll C.Imay D.Ishall--“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”--“Iwouldhave Ididn'thavethemoney.A.if B.and C.but D.otherwiseJillwouldratherwe now,butwemustgotowork.A.notleaveB.hadnotleftC.didn'tleave D.nottobeleftI'djustassoon thoseimportantpaperswithyou.A.thatyouwon'ttake B.yournottakingC.pleasedon'tyoutake D.youdidn'ttakeThehousemasterwasverystrict.Heaskedthatwe televisiononweeknights.A.notwatch B.notbewatching29.Ihadn'texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped___B.thathewouldcallme30.A.himcallingmeC.himtocallme atthepricelist,he'A.HadMr.RobinsonlookedD.thathecallmedhaveknownwhattoexpect.B.IfMr.RobinsonlookedC.IfMr.RobinsonwouldhavelookedD.HadMr.Robinsonbeenlooking31. “ShallIopenthewindow?” “I'drather .”A.youhadbetternot B.youdon'29.Ihadn'texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped___B.thathewouldcallme30.A.himcallingmeC.himtocallme atthepricelist,he'A.HadMr.RobinsonlookedD.thathecallmedhaveknownwhattoexpect.B.IfMr.RobinsonlookedC.IfMr.RobinsonwouldhavelookedD.HadMr.Robinsonbeenlooking31. “ShallIopenthewindow?” “I'drather .”A.youhadbetternot B.youdon'tC.youshouldn't D.youdidn't32.“Didyouhavetogotocourt?” “No,Ididn't,butIwould ifmylawyerhadn'tbeensogood.”A.hadB.haveC.beD.do33.IfPeterhadenoughmoney,heA.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldgo34.IfyouhadbeeninShanghailastmonth,you___A.hadseenB.haveseen___onthetriptoLosAngeles.B.wentthegame.C.hadbeenseen D.wouldhaveseen35.Ifyouhadn'ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'dA.beB.getC.havegotat D.havebeen_Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.B.didnotoccurB.get36.IftheWatergateIncident

A.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurring37.Alan thepartyifhe'A.wouldhavemissedD.wouldnotoccurdgonetoLondon.B.hadmissedD.missed38.C.couldmiss--“Yourpicturesarebeautiful!”--“We moreifwehadn'trunoutoffilm.”A.wouldtakehadtakenwillhavetakenC.wouldhavetaken39.Peterwishesthathe40.therebynow.lawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.A.hadstudiedB.studiedC.couldstudyD.wouldstudy--“Icouldn'ttalktoMrs.Khandaryverywell,becausemyArabicisn'tverygoodyet.”--“ there,hewouldhavebeenabletointerpretforyou.”A.IfJohnwereB.JohnhadbeenC.HadJohnbeenD.WereJohn ,Geraldwouldhavebeenarichman.A.Washetoenterbusiness B.WereheenteredbusinessD.IfhewastoenterbusinessC.HadheenteredbusinessD.Ifhewastoenterbusiness42. ,weshallgoonapicnic.A.ShouldtheweatherbefineIftheweatherwerefineHadtheweatherbeenfineD.Weretheweathertobefine-“IwishID.Weretheweathertobefine-“IwishI theorientationprogramyesterday.”-“It'stoo