軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷2)

試卷科目：軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷2)PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber/SECTIONPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)第1部分：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題，共100題，每題只有一個(gè)正確答案,多選或少選均不得分。[單選題]1.Theroomsdestinedforthe_____offoreignvisitorshavebeenarrangedonthesecondflooroftheguesthouse.A)recipeB)welcomeC)admissionD)reception答案:D解析:reception接待，招待會(huì)。recipe食譜，處方。welcome歡迎。admission許可，許可進(jìn)入之人或物。[單選題]2.Americansdonotfeelthatblind_____andimplicitsubmissiontothewillofanotherisnecessaryinordertomaintaingoodgovernment.A)preferenceB)conformityC)confrontationD)obedience答案:D解析:句意：美國(guó)人并不認(rèn)為盲目服從和絕對(duì)順服別人的意志對(duì)于維護(hù)好的政體是必要的。obedience服從。preference優(yōu)先選擇。conformity遵守，符合。confrontation面對(duì)。[單選題]3.Themerefactthatweareonaone-to-onebasisfor3hourseachday,fourdaysaweekfor8weeks,meansthat_____thelessonsareveryintensive.A)unconditionallyB)unbearablyC)unapproachablyD)unavoidably答案:D解析:unavoidably不得已地，無(wú)可奈何地。unconditionally無(wú)條件地。unbearably無(wú)法忍受地。unapproachably無(wú)法接近地。[單選題]4.TheimpactofDarwin?sevolutionarytheoryontheAmericanthoughtandtheinfluenceofthenineteenth-centuryFrenchliteratureontheAmericanmenoflettersgaverisetoyetanotherschoolofrealism:American_____.A)localcolorismB)vernacularismC)modernismD)naturalism答案:D解析:美國(guó)自然主義作家是在對(duì)美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的文學(xué)闡釋中發(fā)現(xiàn)了達(dá)爾文主義的正確性。故選D。[單選題]5.Idonotthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A)thisB)thatC)itsD)it答案:D解析:句意：我認(rèn)為不做記憶性的工作，要想學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言是不可能的。think+it+adj.（possible），認(rèn)為做某事是可能的。[單選題]6.He_____unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.A)mayhaveactedB)musthaveactedC)shouldnotactD)wouldnotact答案:A解析:句意：盡管他的行為不夠明智，但至少他在努力做一些有益的事情。may用于從句中表示讓步，不管，不論；盡管。musthaveacted用在此處語(yǔ)氣不正確。由從句可知，事件發(fā)生在過去，故C項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)不可選，前后時(shí)態(tài)搭配不一致。[單選題]7._____thefaceoftheseriousdropinsales,thesalesmanagerpasseditwithashrug,sayingthatitwasnothingbutaseasonaldecline.A)AgainstB)WithC)OnD)In答案:D解析:句意：面對(duì)銷量急劇下降的情況，銷售部經(jīng)理只是聳聳肩，說這沒有什么，只是季節(jié)性衰退。in（the）faceof面對(duì)。[單選題]8.Thesecurityofacountryis()relatedtothesafetyoftherestworld.A)merelyB)closeC)mereD)closely答案:D解析:考查副詞辨析。一個(gè)國(guó)家的安全與其他國(guó)家的安全密切相關(guān)。[單選題]9.Communicationistheprocessof_____amessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A)transmittingB)transformingC)submittingD)switching答案:A解析:句意：交流是通過一種渠道把信息從來源處傳送出去的過程。transmit傳送。transform改變。submit提交。switch轉(zhuǎn)換。[單選題]10.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisanexampleofanendocentricconstruction？A)OntheshelfB)Beyondthewords.C)Anoldman.D)Withoutthinking.答案:C解析:語(yǔ)言學(xué)概念的實(shí)例分析。詢問哪一個(gè)短語(yǔ)是endocentricconstruction(向心結(jié)構(gòu))的范例[單選題]11.Inthisbook,thewriter_____thekingasacruelmanwhomhispeoplehateddeeply.A)pretendsB)portraysC)worshipsD)ventures答案:B解析:portray描繪。pretend假裝。worship崇拜。venture大膽表示，冒險(xiǎn)。[單選題]12.TherescueplanrecentlyapprovedbytheAmericangovernmentofthecurrentAmericanfinancialstormremindsusoftheEmergencyBankingActpresentedbyPresidentRooseveltinhis_____.A)AmendmentV.B)BillofRightsC)MarshallPlanD)NewDeal答案:D解析:1933年，為了解決經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的問題，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)羅斯福實(shí)施了一系列政策措施，史稱新政（NewDeal）；其中他要求國(guó)會(huì)于3月9日舉行特別會(huì)議審議《緊急銀行法》（theEmergencyBankingAct），該法于當(dāng)天迅速通過；新政并沒有結(jié)束大蕭條，但有效地是經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況得到了改善。[單選題]13.StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas?solitary?and?individualtheorists?wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement-utopiansocialism-whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatcachinnatedinthefirstwomen?srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup?scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwoaccounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents?energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtoSaint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians?appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon?sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnratedStatesas?solitary?tobe_____.A)insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthoughtB)overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848C)notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscopeD)insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference答案:A解析:由文章第一段第三句?theyfailedto…developmentoffeminism.?，可知，美國(guó)的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)事實(shí)上并不是獨(dú)立的，而是與當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲的意識(shí)形態(tài)相關(guān)聯(lián)的。因此，A選項(xiàng)中說這些歷史學(xué)家對(duì)美國(guó)女權(quán)主義的國(guó)際起源不了解，正確。B選項(xiàng)中說過于關(guān)心也屬于無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)中說不能夠細(xì)致到地理差異上的問題，正好與原文表達(dá)的意思相反。D選項(xiàng)是沒有足夠地意識(shí)到SenecaFallsConference對(duì)女權(quán)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)上的影響，而這次會(huì)議是美國(guó)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分，而不屬于歐洲意識(shí)形態(tài)變化的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此錯(cuò)誤。[單選題]14.Althoughtheteacherhasexplainedtous，themeaningofthearticleisstill()tome.A)faintB)obscureC)ambiguousD)vague答案:C解析:考查形容詞辨析。雖然老師已經(jīng)向我們解釋過了，但這篇文章的意思對(duì)我來說仍然模糊不清。[單選題]15.Asthepopulationincreasesandhumanneedsexpand,wemusttakecarenotto_____allofournaturalresourcesatonce.A)eraseB)maximizeC)exhaustD)minimize答案:C解析:exhaust用盡，耗盡。erase除去。maximize使……達(dá)到最大。minimize將……減到最少。[單選題]16.ThepolicesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismand().A)governmentinterventionB)nationalizationofenterprisesC)socialreformD)abeliefinindividualism答案:D解析:考查英國(guó)政黨。保守黨反對(duì)過多的政府干預(yù)，支持國(guó)有企業(yè)私有化和自由企業(yè)，信奉實(shí)用主，義和個(gè)人主義。[單選題]17.Theresistanceexperiencedwhenonebodymovesoveranother,_____itisincontact,iscalledfrictionalforce.A)towhichB)whereC)withwhichD)while答案:C解析:句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)物體在和它接觸的物體上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，產(chǎn)生的阻力叫做摩擦力。incontactwith與…聯(lián)系，接觸。此處，which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾another，從句中的it指onebody。[單選題]18.Whichoneisnotinthesamecategorywithotherthreeitems？()A)AB)BC)CD)D答案:C解析:考查語(yǔ)音學(xué)。A、B、D三項(xiàng)均為摩擦音(fricative)，C項(xiàng)為爆破音(plosive)。[單選題]19.Hisfidelitytowhathebelievespeopleneedtohearremainedadamantandunwavering;andpeoplesay,He'llgo_____inhistoryasthegreatestofourmodernPopes.A)downB)upC)brokeD)far答案:A解析:句意：他忠實(shí)于人們需要聽到的真理，并且堅(jiān)強(qiáng)而不動(dòng)搖，因此人們說，他將作為現(xiàn)代最偉大的教皇載入史冊(cè)。godowninhistory永載史冊(cè)。goup上升，向上游行駛。gobroke一文不名，破產(chǎn)。gofar走得遠(yuǎn)，成功。[單選題]20._____thebabykingwasmurderedbyhisuncleamonthafterhisfather'sprematuredeath.A)LuckilyB)TragicallyC)SensiblyD)Ludicrously答案:B解析:tragically不幸地。luckily幸運(yùn)地。sensibly敏感地。ludicrously滑稽地，荒唐地。[單選題]21._____isthelongestriverinCanada.A)TheMurrayRiverB)TheMackenzieRiverC)TheSt.LawrenceD)TheCluthaRiver答案:B解析:本題考查加拿大地理概況。馬更些河（theMackenzieRiver）是加拿大最長(zhǎng)的河流，流經(jīng)加拿大地盾（CanadianShield）與西部落基山脈（theRockyMountains）之間，全長(zhǎng)1600公里。墨累河（TheMurrayRiver）是澳大利亞最長(zhǎng)、最大的河流，發(fā)源于澳大利亞東南部的大分水嶺，注入印度洋的大澳大利亞灣。圣勞倫斯河（TheSaintLawranceRiver）是北美洲東部大河，五大湖的出水道，它的上源是圣路易斯河，在美國(guó)的明尼蘇達(dá)州，下游在加拿大的東陲，以卡伯特海峽為河口，注入大西洋的圣勞倫斯灣，是地理上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有重要意義的巨大水道系統(tǒng)?？唆斔_河（TheCluthaRiver）是新西蘭流水量最大的河，也是第二長(zhǎng)河，新西蘭南島最長(zhǎng)河流，源出南阿爾卑斯山。故應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。[單選題]22.Whatyou?vetoldmeofyourplansoundsmostinteresting;wouldyoucareto_____onit?A)elaborateB)explainC)stressD)interrupt答案:A解析:elaborateon詳細(xì)闡述。explain解釋，說明。stress強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重。interrupt打斷。[單選題]23.A()isnotasound，itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A)phonemeB)phoneC)soundD)speech答案:A解析:考查語(yǔ)音學(xué)。音素不是聲音，音素是根據(jù)語(yǔ)音的自然屬性劃分出來的最小語(yǔ)音單位，是具有特定含義的語(yǔ)音特征的集合。[單選題]24.OurgovernmenthasinvestedtheForeignMinister_____allthenecessarypowerstoresolvethedispute.A)ofB)onC)inD)with答案:D解析:investwith賦予，授予。[單選題]25.Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Keasey?sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightinclude?public?duty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor?sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty:fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto?BonniewrecksArm?spretendhouse?dependingonwhetherBonniedidit?sosomebodywon?tfalloverit?orbecauseBonniewanted?tomakeAnnfeelbad?.Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamong-actsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?A)DifferentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB)IdentifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC)JustifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD)Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthe-breakingofrules答案:A解析:由上文couldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable…andunforeseeableharm可知，7個(gè)月后，兒童會(huì)有辨別可預(yù)知和不可預(yù)知傷害行為的能力。[單選題]26.WhyaresomanypartymemberselectedtoParliamentineachElectioninBritain?A)Becausepartymembersusuallyenjoybetterreputation.B)Becausepartymembershavemoreexperienceinformingagovernment.C)Becausepartymembershavethebackingofnationwideorganizations.D)Becausepeopletrustpartymemberstoagreaterdegree.答案:D解析:英國(guó)大選是指英國(guó)選舉最高立法機(jī)構(gòu)英國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員的選舉；英國(guó)實(shí)行兩黨制，在國(guó)會(huì)議員中占多數(shù)的黨的領(lǐng)袖成為首相。選舉候選人大部分是某政黨的成員，大多數(shù)英國(guó)選民根據(jù)候選人的黨派，而不是其個(gè)人品質(zhì)或主張來投票選擇。[單選題]27.Thereissubstantialevidencethatby1926,withthepublicationofTheWearyBlues,LangstonHugheshadbrokenwithtwowell-establishedtraditionsinAfricanAmericanliterature.InTheWearyBlues,HugheschosetomodifythetraditionsthatdecreedthatAfricanAmericanliteraturemustpromoteracialacceptanceandintegration,andthat,inordertodoso,itmustreflectanunderstandingandmasteryofWesternEuropeanliterarytechniquesandstyles.Necessarilyexcludedbythisdecree,linguisticallyandthematically,wasthevastamountofsecularfolkmaterialintheoraltraditionthathadbeencreatedbyBlackpeopleintheyearsofslaveryandafter.Itmightbepointedoutthateventhespiritualsor?sorrowsongs?oftheslaves-asdistinctfromtheirsecularsongsandstories-hadbeenEuropeanizedtomakethemacceptablewithintheseAfricanAmericantraditionsaftertheCivilWar.In1862northernWhitewritershadcommentedfavorablyontheuniqueandprovocativemelodiesofthese?sorrowsongs?whentheyfirstheardthemsungbyslavesintheCarolinaseaislands.Butby1916,tenyearsbeforethepublicationofTheWearyBlues,HurryT.Burleigh,theBlackbaritonesoloistatNewYork?sultrafashionableSaintGeorge?sEpiscopalChurch,hadpublishedJubileeSongsoftheUnitedStates,witheveryspiritualarrangedsothataconcertsingercouldsingit?inthemannerofanartsong.?Clearly,theartisticworkofBlackpeoplecouldbeusedtopromoteracialacceptanceandintegrationonlyontheconditionthatitbecameEuropeanized.EvenmorethanhisrebellionagainstthisrestrictivetraditioninAfricanAmericanart,Hughes?sexpressionofthevibrantfolkcultureofBlackpeopleestablishedhiswritingasalandmarkinthehistoryofAfricanAmericanliterature.Mostofhisfolkpoemshavethedistinctivemarksofthisfolkculture?soraltradition:theycontainmanyinstancesofnamingandenumeration,considerablehyperboleandunderstatement,andastronginfusionofstreet-talkrhyming.Thereisadeceptiveveilofartlessnessinthesepoems.Hughespridedhimselfonbeinganimpromptuandimpressionisticwriterofpoetry.His,heinsisted,wasnotanartfullyconstructedpoetry.Yetananalysisofhisdramaticmonologuesandotherpoemsrevealsthathispoetrywascarefullyandartfullycrafted.Inhisfolkpoetrywefindfeaturescommontoallfolkliterature,suchasdramaticellipsis,narrativecompression,rhythmicrepetition,andmonosyllabicemphasis.Thepeculiarmixtureofironyandhumorwefindinhiswritingisadistinguishingfeatureofhisfolkpoetry.Together,theseaspects,ofHughes?swritinghelpedtomodifythepreviousrestrictionsonthetechniquesandsubjectmatterofBlackwritersandconsequentlytobroadenthelinguisticandthematicrangeofAfricanAmericanliterature.ThepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatementsabouttherequirementthatBlackwritersemployWesternEuropeanliterarytechniques?A)Therequirementwasimposedmoreforsocialthanforaestheticreasons.B)TherequirementwasarelativelyunimportantaspectoftheAfricanAmericantradition.C)TherequirementwasthechiefreasonforHughes?ssuccessasawriter.D)Therequirementwasappropriatedforsomeformsofexpressionbutnotforothers.答案:A解析:從第一段中?…modifythetraditionsthatdecreedthatAfricanAmericanliteraturemustpromoteracialacceptanceandintegration,andthat,inordertodoso,itmustreflectanunderstandingandmasteryofWesternEuropeanliterarytechniquesandstyles.?可知，黑人作家寫作時(shí)必須使用西方的文學(xué)技巧，完全是為了種族接納和融合的原因，是社會(huì)而非美學(xué)的因素。[單選題]28.Acloserobserverofthesmallscreenoncecalledita?vastwastelandofviolence,sadismandmurder,privateeyes,gangstersandmoreviolence-andcartoons.?ThatishowNewtonMinow,aUStelevisionregulator,describeditin1961.Sincethantelevisionlanguagehasbecomemorecolourful,violencemoreexplicitandsexmoreprevalent.?LadyChatterley?sLoverhasmovedfromthebannedbookshelftoaclassicBBCserial.Concernoversuchchangingstandardshasshapedourviewoftelevision-andmaskeditsbroaderinfluenceindevelopingcountries.Toillustrateitseffects,KennycitesthecaseofBrazil.Whentelevisiontherebegantoshowasteadydietoflocalsoapsinthe1970s,Brazilianwomentypicallyhadfiveormorechildrenandweretrappedinpoverty.Asthepopularityofthesoapsgrew,birthratesfellAccordingtoresearchers,72%oftheleadingfemalecharactersinthemainsoapshadnochildrenandonly7%hadmorethanone.Onestudycalculatedthatsuchsoapshadthesameeffectonfertilityratesaskeepinggirlsinschoolforfiveyearsmorethannormal.Itisnotjustbirthratesthatareaffected.Kennynotes:?KidswhowatchTVoutofschool,accordingtoaWorldBanksurveyofyoungpeopleintheshantytownsofFortalezainBrazil,areconsiderablylesslikelytoconsumedrugs.?TelevisionappearstohavemorepowertoreduceyouthdrugusethanthestricturesofaneducatedmotherandBraziliansoapspresentingeducatedurbanwomanrunningtheirownbusinessesarethoughttobecompellingrolemodels.Televisioncanalsoimprovehealth,InGhanaasoapoperalinethatwarnedmotherstheywerefeedingtheirchildren?morethanjustrice?iftheydidnotwashtheirhandsafterdefecatingwasfollowedbyaseeminglypermanentimprovementinpersonalhygiene.Whydosuchchangeshappen?Simple,saysKenny:soapoperas,whetherlocalversionsofUglyBettyorvintageimportsofBaywatch,openupnewhorizons.?Somehourscouldhebetterspoutplantingtrees,helpingoldladiesacrosstheroadorplayingcricket,?hesaid.?ButwatchingTVexposespeopletonewideasanddifferentpeople.Withthatwillcomegreateropportunity,growingequalityandabetterunderstandingoftheworld.Notbad.?Whatisthemeaningof?mask?inthethirdparagraph?A)suggestB)coverC)discoverD)reveal答案:B解析:mask是?掩蓋，掩飾?的意思。第三段意思為：這種變化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)影響了人們對(duì)電視的看法，而且掩蓋了其對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的更廣泛的影響。[單選題]29.Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentoflaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulatedit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn?ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimethanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho_____.A)longfordeeperunderstandingofscienceB)aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsC)workinastorehouseofdriedfactsD)areinterestedinpopularscience答案:A解析:第二段首句就點(diǎn)出了這本書的對(duì)象是對(duì)科學(xué)一知半解的大學(xué)生和門外漢；一直把科學(xué)看作干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人；把科學(xué)的主要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件的人；把科學(xué)視為某種魔術(shù)的人。這說明主要為選項(xiàng)A中描述的人所寫，對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多而又希望有更深了解的人。[單選題]30.Consequently,hisballoonwasdamagedandhewasforcedtoendhistrip.A)wasn?tanticipatingB)wouldn?tanticipateC)hadanticipatednotD)hadnotanticipated答案:D解析:句意：當(dāng)SteveFossett第一次嘗試獨(dú)自乘熱氣球環(huán)球旅行的時(shí)候，他沒有料想到會(huì)在阿根廷上空遭遇到10天的暴風(fēng)雨，致使他的熱氣球受損被迫放棄飛行。hadnotanticipated為過去完成時(shí)，含義為?沒有料想到?，表示在主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作之前。[單選題]31.Fortheexecutiveproducerofanetworknightlynewsprogramme,theworkdayoftenbeginsatmidnightasminedidduringsevenyearswithABC?seveningnewscast.Thefirstorderofbusinesswasacalltotheassignmentdeskforapre-bedtime?rundownoflatestdevelopments.Theassignmentdeskoperates24hoursaday,staffedbyeditorswhomovecrews,correspondentsandequipmenttothesceneofevents.Assignment-deskeditorsatelogisticsexperts;theyhavetoknowplaneschedules,satelliteavailability,andwhomtogetintouchwithatlocalstationsandoverseasbroadcastingsystems.Theyarerequiredtoassessstoriesastheybreakonthewireservices-sometimesevenbeforetheydo-andtodecidehowmuchefforttomaketocoverthosestories.WhentheUnitedStateswasgoingtoappealtoarmsagainstIraq,thenumberofcorrespondentsandcrewswasconstantlyevaluated.BasedonreportsfromthefieldandalsoupontheskilledjudgmentsofdeskeditorsinNewYorkCity,therightnumberofpersonnelwaskeptonthealert.Therestwereallowedtocontinueworkingthroughouttheworld,inAmericaandIraqreadytomovebutnottieddownbyfalsealarms.ThestudiostaffofABC?s?WorldNewsTonight?assemblesat9a.m.toprepareforthe6:30?air?p.m.deadline.Overnightdispatchesfromoutlyingbureausandpressservicesareread.Therearephoneconversationswiththebroadcast?sstaffproducersindomesticbureausandwiththeLondonbureauseniorproducer,whocoordinatesoverseascoverage.Apatternemergesfortheday?snews,apatternoutlinedintheexecutiveproducer?sfirstlineup.Thelineuptellsthestaffwhatstoriesarescheduled;whattheprioritiesareforprocessingfilmofeditingtape;whatscriptsneedtobewritten;whatcommercialsatescheduled;howlongstoriesshouldrunandinwhatorder.Withoutalineup,therewouldbechaos.Eachstory?srelativevalueindollarsandcentsmustbecontinuallyassessedbytheexecutiveproducer.Cuttingbacksatellitebookingtosavemoneymightmeanthatanexplanationdeliveredbyananchorpersonwillreplaceactualphotosofanevent.Adeclineinlivecoveragecouldsendviewersawayanddriveratingsdown,butthereisnotenoughmoneytodoeverything.Sodecisionsmustbemadeandmaderapidly-becausedelaycanmeanamissedconnectionforshippingtapeoraccesstoasatelliteblockedbyacompetitor.Thebroadcaststhemselvesrequirepacingandstyle.Theaudiencehastobeallowedtobreathebetweenperiodsofintenseexcitement.Avividpictorialreportfollowedbylessexactingmaterialsallowstheviewertoreflectoninformationthathasjustflashedby.Frequentswitchesfromoneanchortoanotherorfromonefilmortapereporttoanothercreateasenseofforwardmovement.Ideally,leadingandlagstostoriesareworkedoutwithfieldcorrespondents,enablingthemtofittheirreportsintotheprogramme?snarrativeflowsotheaudience?sattentiondoesnotwanderandmoresubstanceisabsorbed.Scriptsareconstantlyrewrittentoblendwellwithincomingpictures.Goodcopyiscrisp,informative.Ourrule:thefewerwordsthebetter.Ifapicturecandothework,letit.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A)Waystocutdownthecostofthecoverage,B)Howtomakethereportmoreattractive.C)Todescribetheworkoftheexecutiveproducer.D)Tointroducethestyleandfeaturesofthenewsprogramme.答案:C解析:第一段第一句提到?監(jiān)制人的工作從半夜就要開始?，然后下文又具體介紹了監(jiān)制人的職責(zé)，所以文章主要是描述了監(jiān)制人的工作情況，選C。[單選題]32.Theapartmentisconvenientlylocatedneartherailwaystation,_____therentisquitereasonable.A)moreoverB)consequentlyC)howeverD)unimaginably答案:B解析:consequently因而。moreover此外。however然而。unimaginably無(wú)法想象地，不可思議地。[單選題]33.Asmoke_____systemprovidesfamilieswithearlywarningoffire.A)collectionB)repressionC)detectionD)resonance答案:C解析:detection檢測(cè)。collection采集。repression抑制。resonance回聲，共鳴。[單選題]34.Tolearnhowtoletgoisnotaneasylessontolearn,_____whenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhat