軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷5)

試卷科目：軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷5)PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber/SECTIONPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語(yǔ)言文學(xué)第1部分：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題，共100題，每題只有一個(gè)正確答案,多選或少選均不得分。[單選題]1.Hegrewveryangrywhenherealizedhowhehadbeen_____outofhismoney.A)trickedB)deceivedC)robbedD)stripped答案:A解析:betrickedoutof被騙走。deceive欺騙…。rob搶劫。strip剝奪。[單選題]2.Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations_____formallanguageisused.A)inwhichB)onwhichC)inthatD)atwhat答案:A解析:句意：政府報(bào)告、考試作文、法律文件和大多數(shù)商貿(mào)信函都使用正式語(yǔ)言。該題考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。從該句結(jié)構(gòu)看。句中需要填入一個(gè)介詞與關(guān)系代詞（指代先行詞situations），而且要求介詞與situations構(gòu)成固定表達(dá)并使該句在語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上都符合要求。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。[單選題]3.Ofthefiftystates，thesmalleststateinAmericais()A)RhodeIslandB)VirginiaC)TexasD)Montana答案:A解析:考查美國(guó)所屬州。美國(guó)由50個(gè)州和一個(gè)聯(lián)邦特區(qū)以及外海領(lǐng)地組成，其中涉及各州的面積，面積最小的是羅得島，最大的是阿拉斯加州。B項(xiàng)?弗吉尼亞?，C項(xiàng)?得克薩斯州?和D項(xiàng)?蒙大拿州?均不符合題意。[單選題]4._____?s?LeavesofGrass?establishedhimasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcentury.A)EdgerAllenPoeB)JamesRusselLowellC)JohnGreenleafWhitterD)WaltWhitman答案:D解析:沃爾特·惠特曼（1810-1892）是美國(guó)著名詩(shī)人、人文主義者。他創(chuàng)造性的運(yùn)用自由體詩(shī)歌，代表作品《草葉集》，是美國(guó)文學(xué)劃時(shí)代的作品，標(biāo)志著浪漫主義到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的轉(zhuǎn)變。[單選題]5.ThemiserablefateofEnron?semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It?sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromisesofthe20thcentury.Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffood,warmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S.).Labourunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions?Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.Formillenniatheaverageperson?sstancetowardprovidingforhimselfhadbeen.UltimatelyI?monmyown.Nowitbecame,ultimatelyI?llbetakencareof.Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labour-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon?tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinedcontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson?seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintotheplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit?sworthwhentheemployeeretires.WhichbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees?401(k)accounts.Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee?s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany?sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron?s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn?tprudent,butit?swhatsomeofthemdid.TheEnronemployees?retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That?swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI?ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon?tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they?reontheirown.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof_____.A)thecorporatelay-offsB)thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespendingC)theeconomicrestructuringD)thewarningpoweroflaborsunions答案:B解析:從文章第三段最后一句提到?PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon?tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.?，克林頓總統(tǒng)簽署了一個(gè)歷史性的議案減少福利。第四段第一句又提到?Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.?，即這種舉措影響了退休金。因此較少福利議案的通過(guò)影響了退休金，故退休撫恤金屬于采取的關(guān)于福利方面的措施，故C項(xiàng)符合。[單選題]6.Ignorethatstunningviewandkeepyoureyesontheroad,_____admiringbeautifulsceneryordramaticbuildingsputsdriversatrisk.A)althoughB)becauseC)whereasD)while答案:B解析:句意：忽略眼前的美景，注意路面，因?yàn)樾蕾p美景或者引人注目的建筑會(huì)使司機(jī)處于危險(xiǎn)之中。本句結(jié)構(gòu)：前半句為祈使句，后半句說(shuō)明原因，所以用because。Whereas盡管；然而。[單選題]7.Theboard_____oftheopinionthatthenewsshouldn?tbecarriedinthenewspaper.A)isB)willbeC)wereD)are答案:D解析:句意：董事會(huì)的意思是這條消息不該見(jiàn)報(bào)。theboard董事會(huì)，董事會(huì)全體成員，此處指董事會(huì)成員，系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。[單選題]8.TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheIsleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope?sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry?sthreemillionpeople.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub-Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales-abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans?landofcompatriots?,istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation?ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere-onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.?UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,?saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales?sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.?Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,?Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.?Weusedtothink.Wecan?tdoanything,we?reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat?schanging.?Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto_____.A)maintainthepresentstatusamongthenations.B)reducelegislativepowersofEngland.C)createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations.D)grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.答案:C解析:推理判斷題。文章第二段第三句提到?theideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.?為了重新建立英聯(lián)邦各成員國(guó)之間的平衡。該段后面又具體指出，一直以來(lái)，英格蘭都是hadbraggingrights，而這次部分立法權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)交就是為了讓其它成員國(guó)有更大的發(fā)言權(quán)，這樣做的目的就是實(shí)現(xiàn)各成員國(guó)之間的平等，故C項(xiàng)符合。A文中并未提及，可直接排除。本段第五句提到?ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair...?由此可見(jiàn)減少英格蘭的立法權(quán)并不精準(zhǔn)，只是轉(zhuǎn)移了它的立法權(quán)，并且這并不是devolution的目的，而是一項(xiàng)措施，故B項(xiàng)也可排除。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，并不是所有的成員，只是?togivetheothermembersoftheclub-Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales?，故排除D。[單選題]9.Howmanymorphemesarethereintheword?discharged?？()A)TwoB)ThreeC)FourD)Five答案:B解析:考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)詞素。題目問(wèn)discharged單詞中有幾個(gè)詞素，我們可以看出它是由dis(前綴)+charge(主詞根)+ed(屈折語(yǔ)素)三部分構(gòu)成的。[單選題]10.Printbooksmaybeundersiegefromtheriseofe-books,buttheyhaveatenaciousholdonaparticulargroup:childrenandtoddlers.Theirparentsareinsistingthisnextgenerationofreadersspendtheirearlyyearswithold-fashionedbooks.Thisisthecaseevenwithparentswhothemselvesaredie-harddownloadersofbooksontoKindles,iPads,laptopsandphones.Theyfreelyacknowledgetheirdigitaldoublestandard,sayingtheywanttheirchildrentobesurroundedbyprintbooks,toexperienceturningphysicalpagesastheylearnaboutshapes,colorsandanimals.Parentsalsosaytheylikecuddlingupwiththeirchildandabook,andfearthatashinygadgetmightgetalltheattention.Also,iflittleJoeyisgoingtospitup,abookmaybeeasiertocleanthanatabletcomputer.Astheadultbookworldturnsdigitalatafasterratethanpublishersexpected,salesofe-booksfortitlesaimedatchildrenunder8havebarelybudged.Theyrepresentlessthan5percentoftotalannualsalesofchildren?sbooks,severalpublishersestimated,comparedwithmorethan25percentinsomecategoriesofadultbooks.Manyprintbooksareboughtasgifts,sincethedelightsofanAmazongiftcardarelostonmost6-year-olds.Children?sbooksarealsoabrightspotforbrick-and-mortarbookstores,sinceparentsoftenwanttoflipthroughanentirebookbeforebuyingit,somethingtheyusuallycannotdowithe-bookbrowsing.AstudycommissionedbyHarperCollinsin2010foundthatbooksboughtfor3-to7-year-oldswerefrequentlydiscoveredatalocalbookstore-38percentofthetime.Andhereisaquestionforadigitaleradebate:isanythinglostbytakingapicturebookandconvertingittoane-book?JunkoYokota,aprofessoranddirectoroftheCenterforTeachingThroughChildren?sBooksatNationalLouisUniversityinChicago,thinkstheanswerisyes,becausetheshapeandsizeofthebookareoftenpartofthereadingexperience.Widerpagesmightbeusedtoconveybroadlandscapes,oratallerformatmightbechosenforstoriesaboutskyscrapers.Sizeandshape?becomepartoftheemotionalexperience,theintellectualexperience.There?salotyoucan?tstandardizeandstickintoanelectronicformat,?saidMs.Yokota,whohaslecturedonhowtodecidewhenachild?sbookisbestsuitedfordigitalorprintformat.Publisherssaytheyaregraduallyincreasingthenumberofprintpicturebooksthattheyareconvertingtodigitalformat,eventhoughitistime-consumingandexpensive,anddevelopershavebeenbusycreatinginteractivechildren?sbookapps.WhiletheentryofnewtabletdevicesfromBarnes&NobleandAmazonthisfallisexpectedtoincreasethedemandforchildren?se-books,severalpublisherssaidtheysuspectedthatmanyparentswouldstillprefertheprintversions.?There?sdefinitelyapredispositiontoprint,?saidJonYaged,presidentandpublisherofMacmillanChildren?sPublishingGroup.?Andtheparentsarethesamefolkswhowillhavenoqualmsaboutbuyingane-bookforthemselves,?headded.ThatistheeaseinthehomeofAriWallach,atech-obsessedNewYorkentrepreneurwhohelpscompaniesupdatetheirtechnology.HehimselfreadsonKindle,iPadandiPhone,buttheroomofhistwingirlsispackedwithonlyprintbooks.?IknowI?maLudditeonthis,butthere?ssomethingverypersonalaboutabookandnotoneofonethousandfilesonaniPad,somethingthat?sconnectedandemotional,somethingIgrewupwithandthatlwantthemtogrowupwith,?hesaid.?Irecognizethatwhentheyaremyage,it?llbedifficulttofinda?dead-treebook,?headded.?Thatbeingsaid,Ifeelthatlearningwithbooksisasimportantariteofpassageaslearningtoeatwithutensilsandbeingpotty-trained.?WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheadvantagesoftheprintbooksinthepassage?A)Aspartoftheemotionalandintellectualexperience,theshapeandsizeofthebookcannotbeadaptedinane-book.B)Thereisalotyoucan?tstandardizeandstickintoanelectronicformat.C)There?ssomethingpersonalaboutabookandnotoneofanyfilesinacomputer.D)Printbooksarebettertochildren?shealththanthedigitalformat.答案:D解析:A、B選項(xiàng)在文中第四段出現(xiàn)，均為文中原句。C選項(xiàng)在文中倒數(shù)第二段出現(xiàn)，與原文基本相同。而原文并沒(méi)有提到紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍對(duì)孩子更健康，因此D選項(xiàng)是本題答案。[單選題]11.AmericanscelebrateIndependenceDayon_____.A)October11thB)July4thC)May31stD)September6th答案:B解析:本題考察的是美國(guó)的重要紀(jì)念日。7月4日是美國(guó)獨(dú)立紀(jì)念日，也是美國(guó)國(guó)慶日。[單選題]12.WhoweretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland?A)TheAnglo-Saxons.B)TheVikings.C)TheNormans.D)TheRomans.答案:A解析:盎格魯撒克遜人是日耳曼民族的分支，于五世紀(jì)中期由北歐入侵大不列顛，成為現(xiàn)今英格蘭人的祖先。[單選題]13.Heweptasherecalledhowhehadtoleavehisparents_____,"WhenItriedtoreturntosavemyparents,Iwasdrivenbackbythethicksmokeandtheheat."A)aboutB)aloneC)behindD)off答案:C解析:leavebehind忘記帶走，把……丟在后面，遺留。leaveabout亂放，亂丟。leavealone不理會(huì)，不惹。leaveoff停止，戒除，不再使用。[單選題]14.Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:?Won?tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce??There?snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestability,oftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportation,andcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers?demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimentaltoconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld?swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentration-wavearescanty.YetitishardtoimaginethatthemergeofafewoilfirmstodaycouldrecreatethesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCorn,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan-butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersambeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperate,aslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?won?tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircornpetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof?defendingcompetition?onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter?sattitudecanbesaidtobe_____.A)optimisticB)objectiveC)pessimisticD)biased答案:B解析:從全文內(nèi)容看，作者分析了這種商業(yè)浪潮的利弊，這種全面分析體現(xiàn)了作者評(píng)述的客觀(guān)性。[單選題]15.TheAmendmenttotheConstitutionwhichbannedslaveryis().A)thellthAmendmentB)the12thAmendmentC)the13thAmendmentD)the14thAmendment答案:C解析:美國(guó)歷史。題目詢(xún)問(wèn)美國(guó)憲法的第幾條修正案廢除了奴隸制。在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，1865年12月通過(guò)的憲法第13條修正案宣布在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)廢除奴隸制。[單選題]16.ItisabsurdtothinkthatGodwouldsetus_____forfailure,establishingastandardthatnotoneofuscouldpossiblymeet.A)asideB)downC)onD)up答案:D解析:setup供給，資助（某人）。setaside留出；把……至于一旁，不顧。setdown放下，記下，制定。seton攻擊；慫恿。[單選題]17.Youare_____libertytousemycomputeratanytime.?A)ofB)onC)inD)at答案:D解析:atliberty隨意地，自由地。[單選題]18.Filmhaspropertiesthatsetitapartfrompainting,sculpture,novels,andplays.Itisalso,initsmostpopularandpowerfulform,astorytellingmediumthatsharesmanyelementswiththeshortstoryandthenovel.Andsincefilmpresentsitsstoriesindramaticform,ithasevenmoreincommonwiththestageplay:Bothplaysandmoviesactoutordramatize,showratherthantell,whathappens.Unlikethenovel,shortstory,orplay,however,filmisnothandytostudy;itcannotbeeffectivelyfrozenontheprintedpage.Thenovelandshortstoryarerelativelyeasytostudybecausetheyarewrittentoberead.Thestageplayisslightlymoredifficulttostudybecauseitiswrittentobeperformed.Butplaysareprinted,andbecausetheyrelyheavilyonthespokenword,imaginativereaderscanconjureupatleastapaleimitationoftheexperiencetheymighthavebeenwatchingaperformanceonstage.Thiscannotbesaidofthescreenplay,forafilmdependsgreatlyonvisualandothernonvisualelementsthatarenoteasilyexpressedinwriting.Thescreenplayrequiressomuch?fillingin?byourimaginationthatwecannotreallyapproximatetheexperienceofafilmbyreadingascreenplay,andreadingascreenplayisworthwhileonlyifwehavealreadyseenthefilm.Thus,mostscreenplaysarepublishednottoreadbutrathertoberemembered.Still,filmshouldnotbeignoredbecausestudyingitrequiresextraeffort.Andthefactthatwedonotgenerally?read?filmsdoesnotmeanweshouldignoretheprinciplesofliteraryordramaticanalysiswhenweseeafilm.Literatureandfilmsdosharemanyelementsandcommunicatemanythingsinsimilarways.Perceptivefilmanalysisrestsontheprinciplesusedinliteraryanalysis,andifweapplywhatwehavelearnedinthestudyofliteraturetoouranalysisoffilms,wewillbefaraheadofthosewhodonot.Therefore,beforeweturntotheuniqueelementsoffilm,weneedtolookintotheelementsthatfilmshareswithanygoodstory.Dividingfilmintoitsvariouselementsforanalysisisasomewhatartificialprocess,fortheelementsofanyartformneverexistinisolation.Itisimpossible,forexample,toisolateplotfromcharacter:Eventsinfluencepeople,andpeopleinfluenceevents;thetwoarealwayscloselyinterwoveninanyfictional,dramatic,orcinematicwork.Nevertheless,theanalyticalmethodusessuchafragmentingtechniqueforeaseandconvenience.Butitdoessowiththeassumptionthatwecanstudytheseelementsinisolationwithoutlosingsightoftheirinterdependenceortheirrelationshiptothewhole.Whycan?twedividefilmintovariouselementsforanalysis?A)Becausetheseelementsareinterwovenwitheachotherandcannotbeseparatedwithoutfailingtoappreciateafilmasawhole.B)BecausefilmscannotbewrittendownanditisinconvenienttoanalyzethemC)Becausefilmselementsaretoocomplicated.D)Becausefilmsneednottobeanalyzedindetail.答案:A解析:由文章第四段第一句：Dividingfilmintoitsvariouselementsforanalysisisasomewhatartificialprocess,fortheelementsofanyartformneverexistinisolation可知，電影中的各個(gè)元素是相互交織、相互影響的，不能分割研究，否則會(huì)影響對(duì)整體意思的理解。[單選題]19.Adogcaresdeeply,whichwayyourbodyisleaning.Forwardorbackward?Forwardcanbeseenasaggressive;backward-evenaquarterofaninch-meansnonthreatening.Itmeansyou?verelinquishedwhatethologistscallan?intentionmovement?toproceedforward.Cookyourhead,evenslightly,totheside,andadogisdisarmed.Lookathimstraightonandhe?llreadislikearedflag.Standingstraight,withyourshoulderssquaredratherthatslumped,canmeanthedifferencebetweenwhetheryourdogobeysacommandorignoresit.Breathingevenlyanddeeply,ratherthanholdingyourbreathcanmeanthedifferencebetweendefusingatensesituationandignitingit.?Ithinktheyarelookingatoureyesandwhereoureyeslooklike,?theethologistPatriciaMcConnell,whoteachesattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,says,?Aroundedeyewithadilatedpupilisasignofhigharousalandaggressioninadog.Ibelievetheypayatremendousamountofattentiontohowrelaxedourfaceisandhowrelaxedourfacialmusclesare,becausethat?sbigcueforthemwitheachother.Isthejawrelaxed?Isthemouthslightlyopen?Andthenthearms.Theypayatremendousamountofattentiontowhereourarmsgo.?Inthebook?TheOtherEndoftheLeash,?McConnelldecodesoneofthemostcommonofallhuman-doginteractions,themeetingbetweentwoleashedanimalsinawalk.Tous,it?saboutonedogsizingupanother.Toher,it?sabouttwodogssizingupeachotherafterfirstsizinguptheirrespectiveowners.Theowners?areoftenanxiousabouthowwellthedogswillgetalong,?shewrites,andifyouwatchtheminsteadofthedogs,you?lloftennoticethatthehumanswillholdtheirbreathandroundtheireyesandmouthsinan?onalert?expression.Sincethesebehaviorsareexpressionsofoffensiveaggressioninacanineculture,Isuspectthehumansareunwittinglysignalingtension.Ifyouexaggeratethisbytighteningtheleash,asmanyownersdo,youcanactuallycausethedogstoattackeachother.Thinkofit:thedogsareinatensesocialencounter,surroundedbysupportfromtheirownpack,withthehumansformingatense,staring,breathlesscirclearoundthem.Idon?tknowhowmanytimesI?veseendogsshifttheireyestowardtheirowner?sfrozenfacesandthenlaunchgrowlingattheotherdog.Adogrespondswhenitseesthefollowingactofitsowner_____.A)shoutsB)hitsC)bodymovementD)footgesture答案:C解析:文章第一段第一句話(huà)寫(xiě)到?Adogcaresdeeply,whichwayyourbodyisleaning.?后面作者又舉例說(shuō)明了主人身體發(fā)出的不同的動(dòng)作，狗會(huì)做出不同的反應(yīng)。C正確。[單選題]20.Asanautobiographicalplay,O?Neill?s_____（1956）hasgaineditsstatusasaworldclassicandsimultaneouslymarkstheclimaxofhisliterarycareerandthecomingofageofAmericandrama.A)TheIcemanComethB)LongDay?sJourneyIntoNightC)TheHairyApeD)DesireUndertheElms答案:B解析:《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長(zhǎng)旅程》是尤金·奧尼爾的一部具有鮮明獨(dú)特的自傳性的戲劇作品。故選B。[單選題]21.Thisdressistooexpensiveand_____ourreach.A)beyondB)awayC)fromD)outof答案:A解析:beyond超出（理解，能力，范圍等）。beyondourreach超出了我們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。[單選題]22._____somanypeoplebeenoutofworkastoday.A)MorethaneverbeforeB)NeverbeforehaveC)Inthepast,thereneverhaveD)Formerly,thereneverwere答案:B解析:句意：從來(lái)沒(méi)有像今天一樣有那么多人失業(yè)。Never放在句首要倒裝，neverbefore表示?以前?。還原成正常語(yǔ)序是Therehaveneverbeensomanypeopleoutofworkastoday.[單選題]23._____referstorelationsofmeaningthatexistwithinthetext,andthatdefineitasatext.A)AgreementB)CohesionC)RecursivenessD)Embedding答案:B解析:本題考查銜接的定義。銜接機(jī)制又叫做銜接手段，指把話(huà)語(yǔ)的前后部分聯(lián)系起來(lái)的語(yǔ)言成分，而所謂銜接就是指語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系，把幾個(gè)句子在語(yǔ)義上聯(lián)系起來(lái)。[單選題]24.HeisaprofessorofTESLprogramandheoften_____tohearhowEnglishistaughtinothercountries.A)focusesonB)turnsinC)switchesonD)turnsup答案:B解析:句意：他是作為第二語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的教授，經(jīng)常收聽(tīng)其他國(guó)家是怎樣教英語(yǔ)的。turnin收聽(tīng)。focuseson集中于。switchon打開(kāi)（開(kāi)關(guān)）。turnsup出現(xiàn)。[單選題]25.?Howmanycopiesdoyouwantprinted,Mr.Greeley???Fivethousa