外研版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

新外研版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)=1\*ROMANIWarm-up選擇題。（）1.Heoften______hisclothesonSundays.

A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash

（）2.Nextmonth______twentyfive.

A.hasmysisterB.mysisterwillbeC.mysistershallhave（）3.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher______.

A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming

（）4.LastweekJohn______hisleg.

A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken

（）5.It______hardwhenIleftmyhouse.

A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain

=2\*ROMANIIGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）構(gòu)成：1.肯定句主語(yǔ)（第一、二人稱，第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）+have+過(guò)去分詞+其他主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過(guò)去分詞+其他如：IhavebeentoBeijing.2.否定句3.主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他如：Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.4.一般疑問(wèn)句Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？如：Hastheletterarrivedyet?5.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？如：Wherehaveyoubeento?（二）用法：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)”、“了”等表達(dá))通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just,already,before,yet,never,ever等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：同步練習(xí)（1）①Ihave_______________________thatbefore.(我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽說(shuō)過(guò)那回事）②Haveyou_____________________?（你曾經(jīng)騎過(guò)馬嗎？）③She________________________themathexercises.（他已經(jīng)完成了數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)）④I__________________________book..（我剛剛丟了歷史書）2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如for、since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for:+一段時(shí)間forayear,fortwoweeks,forthreeyears過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻：sinceninehoursago,sincelastweek,since1990since一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：sinceyoucame，sinceyougothome注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforoneweek.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用Howlong同步練習(xí)（2）用since和for填空1.Ihavehadthiscarayear.2.Theshophasbeenclosedlastweek.3.—HowlonghaveyoustudiedChinese?twoyearsago.4.Wehaven’tseeneachothershewentbacktohercountry.重難點(diǎn)★havebeen(to)和havegone(to)的區(qū)別：★have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。★have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。試比較：HehasbeentoBeijing.他曾去過(guò)北京。（人已回來(lái)，可能在說(shuō)話人的地方）HehasgonetoBeijing.他已經(jīng)去北京了。（人去了，不在說(shuō)話人的地方）Exercises=1\*ROMANI:用gone或been填空。IamsorryI'mlate,everyone.I've_____tothedentist's.There'snobodyathome.Ithinkthey've___________awayfortheweekend.Youlookverybrown.Wherehaveyou___________onholiday?Simonisn'thereatthemoment.He's____________toafootballmatch.—Haveyouever____________toScotland?—Yes,I've________________therequiteafewtimes.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較：1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday,lastweek,amomentago，justnow）連用.不限。1.她離開北京三個(gè)月了。SheBeijingforthreemonths.2.電影開始半小時(shí)了。Thefilmforhalfanhour.3.從四歲時(shí)我們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。Wehaveknowneachother.4.自從他回來(lái)，我和他相處得很好。sincehecameback.5.你教他們英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Howlong?=3\*ROMANIIIExercises考點(diǎn)一：考查基本概念Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow考點(diǎn)二：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still2.HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago3.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten4.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better5.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying6.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see考點(diǎn)三：考查與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone2.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish考點(diǎn)四：考查非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法1.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin2.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade3.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived4.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began5It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was6.Hisunclediedtwoyearsago.（改變句子,句意不變）Hisuncle___________________________fortwoyears7.HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears_______