四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《638基礎(chǔ)英語》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解

2010年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解

2009年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解

2008年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解

2007年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真題及詳解

2011年四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院638基礎(chǔ)英語真

題及詳解

PartOneReadingComprehension(40points)

I.ClozeTest(10points)

ChooseoneofthefouranswersmarkedA,B,C,Dtocompletethe

article.Writeyouranswerontheanswersheet.Besurethatthenumberofthe

answersinagreementwiththenumberoftheblanks.

Today,theworldwidewebcanbeusedbothto(1)informationand

tomakeit(2)toothers.Information(3)onwebpagesisviewedby

(4)ofbrowser.Thesourcesofinformationlinkedinthiswaycanbelocated

onanycomputer(5)isalsopartoftheweb.Eachinformationsource

(6)toanindefinitememberofotherwebpages.Hypertextandhyperlinks

allowusersactingasreceiversofinformationto(7)fromonesourceof

informationtoanother,(8)forthemselveswhichinformationtheywishto

(9)totheirbrowserandwhichlinkstheywantto(10).The

addressesofwebpagescanbefoundbyusingthemanyhundredsofgeneral

andspecializedsearchengineswhichprovide(11)todatabaseswhich

holdinformationonthem.Onceawebpageshasbeenfound,hyperlinksmay

point(12)otherplaces(13)interestontheweb.Addressesofweb

pagesalso(14)inothermoreconventionalmedia,suchasmagazines,

newspapersandtelevisionprograms,andonposters.

Webpages,intheir(15),facilitateaccesstoinformationmade

availablebyother(16)ofmediaofexample,collectionsheldinlibraries

orprogramsbroadcastontelevision.

Mostwebpagesofferinteractiveopportunitieswhichgo(17)merely

allowingvisitorsfreedomastowhenandhowtheyvisitapageandwhere

theymightchoosetogonext.Feedbackcanbekeptformalviaa

questionnairewhichcanbefilled(18),orinformalbyprovidingan

addressfore-mailorevenby(19)adigitalguestbookforcommentsleft

forotheruserstoread.Althoughallwebpagesareprotectedsothat

unauthorizedvisitorscannotmakeunsolicitedchangestothem,itisalso

possibleto(20)accesstopagesontheinternettothoseholdinga

password.

1.A.believeB.retrieveC.perceiveD.conceive

2.A.availableB.obtainableC.achievableD.amicable

3.A.displayedB.displayingC.displayableD.isdisplayed

4.A.mediumB.vehicleC.agentD.means

5.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it

6.A.maybelinkedB.maybelinkedC.mayislinkedD.may

linked

7.A.wonderB.wanderC.strayD.ramble

8.A.decidingB.decidedC.decideD.todecided

9.A.transitionB.transmitC.transformD.transfer

10.A.flipB.slipC.skipD.skim

11.A.successB.accessC.assessD.possess

12.A.aboutB.onC.atD.to

13.A.onB.ofC.inD.at

14.A.toappearB.appearedC.appearingD.appear

15.A.sequenceB.orderC.turnD.switch

16.A.modesB.forumsC.shapesD.forms

17.A.beyondB.overC.againstD.further

18.A.upB.outC.withD.over

19.A.installB.installedC.installingD.installsa

20.A.constrainB.confineC.restrictD.limit

【答案與解析】

1.Bretrieve檢索;恢復(fù);重新得到。perceive覺察;理解;認(rèn)知。

conceive懷孕;構(gòu)思;以為;持有。

2.Amakesomethingavailableto使…能得到某物。obtainable能得到

的。achievable可完成的。amicable友好的。

3.A展示在網(wǎng)頁上的信息通過瀏覽器觀看。信息是被展示在網(wǎng)頁

上,所以用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞displayed修飾information做主語。

4.Dbymeansof用…方式。

5.Bthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾computer,因?yàn)閏omputer前有any修飾,

所以不能用which代替引導(dǎo)詞that。

6.Bbelinkedto與…相連。選項(xiàng)在句中充當(dāng)謂語,且may后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞

原型,所以選D。A選項(xiàng)中maybe,可能,為副詞。

7.Bwonder懷疑;想知道。stray流浪;迷路。wander和ramble都有“漫

步，漫游，閑逛”的意思,但wander指無目的地到處徘徊或閑蕩,而ramble

一般指走走停停,心情愉快,步履輕松。

8.Adeciding與前半句的acting為并列關(guān)系。超文本和超鏈接能讓用

戶充當(dāng)信息的接受者,從一個(gè)信息資源逛到另一個(gè)信息資源,并讓用戶自

己決定他們希望轉(zhuǎn)移到瀏覽器的信息。

9.Dtransfer此題屬于詞義辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)換”的意

思。transfer（常與to連用）遷移;調(diào)任;轉(zhuǎn)移。一般包含空間上的轉(zhuǎn)移之

意。transition(名詞)轉(zhuǎn)變;變化;過渡;變遷。transmit傳送;傳播;傳遞;

傳染;播送;發(fā)送。transform使變形;使改觀;轉(zhuǎn)變;改造。一般是看不出

原來樣子的“轉(zhuǎn)化”。

10.Cskip在本文中的含義為“(故意)遺漏,漏掉”。近似含義還有,“不

參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng);缺席”。flip輕彈;彈投,彈拋;翻。俚語中有“發(fā)瘋”的意

思。slip滑落;溜走;忘記;遺漏。skim撇去液體上的油質(zhì)或固體物質(zhì);瀏

覽;輕輕掠過,輕擦而過。

11.Baccess進(jìn)入;通道。success,成功。assess作動(dòng)詞,評估。possess

作動(dòng)詞,占有,擁有。

12.Dpointto指向。pointat一般有“指向某一特定點(diǎn)”之意。

13.Bplacesofinterest有意思的去處,名勝。

14.Dappear主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞addressesofwebpages,同時(shí)該句描述的

為一般情況,應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞appear的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),即原形。

15.Cinone’sturn,是inturn(依次,輪流)的另一種用法。

16.Dform此處表示形式。mode強(qiáng)調(diào)模式,不是最佳選項(xiàng)。forum論

壇,討論會(huì),會(huì)議場所。

17.Agobeyond超出。與merely相對應(yīng),在句中表示不僅僅。多數(shù)網(wǎng)

頁(為網(wǎng)蟲)提供互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì),讓那些訪問的人在自主決定什么時(shí)候,用什

么方式來訪問網(wǎng)頁,以及下一步點(diǎn)擊哪里之外,還能有更多選擇。

18.Bfill…out表示填寫。fill…up意為“填滿”。

19.C介詞by后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞install的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

20.Dlimit,restrict,confine這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞的一般含義為“限制”或“局

限”。limit指時(shí)、空、程度、量等方面的“限定”,其內(nèi)涵是如果超出了這

種限度就會(huì)受罰或遭到令人不快的后果;此外,這個(gè)詞也常用來表示“局

限”。restrict區(qū)別于limit的地方在于,restrict“限制”的是范圍,而limit側(cè)重

于表示“限制”到某個(gè)點(diǎn)。confine具有l(wèi)imit和restrict兩者的含義,但

confine的內(nèi)涵是“約束”或“束縛”。

II.Readingcomprehension(30points)

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteen

multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandwriteyouransweronthe

answersheet.

Passage1

Asidefromperpetuatingitself,thesolepurposeoftheAmerica

AcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersisto“foster,assistandsustainan

interest"inliterature,music,andart.Thisitdoesbyenthusiasticallyhanding

outmoney.Annualcashawardsaregiventodeservingartistsinvarious

categoriesofcreativity:architecture,musicalcomposition.theater,novels,

seriouspoetry,lightverse,painting,sculpture.Oneawardsubsidizesa

promisingAmericanwriter’svisittoRome.Thereisevenanawardforavery

goodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially—oncewonbytheyoungJohn

UpdikeforThepoorhouseFairand,morerecently,byAliceWalkerforin

LoveandTrouble.

Theawardsandprizestotalabout$750,000ayear,butmostofthem

rangeinsizefrom$5,000to$12,500,awelcomesumtomanyyoung

practitionerswhoseworkmaynotbringinthatmuchinayear.Oneofthe

advantagesoftheawardsisthatmanygotothestrugglingartist,ratherthan

tothosewhoarealreadysuccessful.MembersoftheAcademyandInstitute

arenoteligibleforanycashprizes.Anotheradvantageisthat,unlikethe

NationalEndowmentfortheArtsorsimilarinstitutionsthroughouttheworld,

thereisnogovernmentmoneyrevolved.

Awardsaremadebycommittee.Eachofthethreedepartments—

Literature(120members),Art(83),Music(47)—hasacommitteedealingwith

itsownfield.Committeemembershiprotateseveryyearsothatnewvoices

andopinionsareconstantlyheard.

ThemostfinanciallyrewardingofalltheAcademy-Instituteawardsare

theMildredandHaroldStraussLivings.HaroldStrauss,adevotededitorat

AlfredA.Knopf,theNewYorkpublishinghouse,andMildredStrauss,his

wife,werewealthymaychildless.They,lefttheAcademy-Instituteaunique

bequest:forfiveconsecutiveyears,twodistinguished(andfinancially

needy)writerswouldreceiveenoughmoneysothey,coulddevotethemselves

entirelyto“proseliterature”(noplays,nopoetry,andnopayingjobthat

mightdistract).In1983,thefirstStraussLivingsof$35,000ayearwentto

short-storywriterRaymondCarverandnovelist-essayistCynthiaOzick.By

1988,thefundhadgrownenoughsothattwowinners,novelistsDiane

JohnsonandRobertStone,eachgot$50,000ayearforfiveyears.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Award-winningworksofliterature.

B.Anorganizationthatsupportsthearts.

C.Thelifeofanartist.

D.Individualpatronsofthearts.

2.Theword“sole”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.

A.only

B.honorable

C.common

D.official

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutAliveWalker’sbookIn

LoveandTrouble?

A.ItsoldmorecopiesthanThePoorhouseFair.

B.Itdescribedtheauthor’svisittoRome.

C.Itwasacommercialsuccess.

D.ItwaspublishedafterThePoorhouseFair.

4.EachyeartheawardsandprizesofferedbytheAcademy-Institute

totalapproximately.

A.$12,500

B.S35,000

C.$50,000

D.$750,000

5.WhereinthepassagedoestheauthorcitethegoaloftheAcademy-

Institute?

A.Lines1-3

B.Lines12-13

C.Line19-20

D.Line22-23

【答案與解析】

1.B文章首句表明了AmericaAcademyandInstituteofArtsand

Letters支持藝術(shù)的目的,而后整篇文章圍繞此組織如何支持闡述，所以

選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.Asole僅僅,單獨(dú)。

3.D第一段最后一句中指出AliceWalker獲獎(jiǎng)時(shí)間比JohnUpdike更

晚（morerecently）。他們所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)專為在商業(yè)上失敗但很優(yōu)秀的小說

設(shè)置,所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)在文中并未提及。

4.D第二段第一句明確提出每年用于獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的總支出大約為$750,

000。

5.A在首段第一句中明確指出Academy-Institute的目的除了維持本

身運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),就是“foster,assistandsustainaninterest"inliterature,music,and

art.

Passage2

Youmaythinkthattheshabbywandererwhocomestothebackdoorfor

ahandouthasnoplaceinsociety.Actuallyhebelongstoasocietyofhis

own.Itisafellowshipwithitsowncustoms,educationalsystem,community

centersandevenitsownlanguage.Itwasthisbasisofthewanderer’slife,

thishobocodeoftheroad,thatfirstarousedmyinterestinthemenwhouse

it.

OnemorningIwatchedasmyneighborcamedownthehighwayand

turnedintomybarnroad.Tomysurprise,hestoppednearthebarnand

studiedsomethingforamoment.Ashenearedthehouse,belaughedloudly

andshouted,“Howdoyoulikefeedingeverybuminthevicinity?”

Iconcededthatwehadbeenfeedinganunusuallylargenumberof

hungrytrampsandhoboslately.Timesmustbegettingharder,Iexplained,

formostofthemenwhocametoourdoorsaidthattheycouldn’tfindwork

anywhere.

“It’snothardtimesthatbringsthemhere,”grinnedmyneighbor.

“You’vegotasignonyourbarnadvertisingthatyourwifehasasoftheart

andfallsforahard-luckstory.”

“Whatsign?”NaturallyIwasstartled,andIdemandedthatheexplain.

Stilllaughingalittle,hebeckonedmetowardthebarnandshowedmethe

signscrawledthere.Itwasjustacrudechalkdrawingofafatcatandsome

triangles,thekindanykindergartenchildmightproduce,butmyneighbor

assuredmethatforallthehobosandtrampswhocameby,thecryptic

symbolswereclear.Theyindicatedthatanypasserbycouldprobablygeta

handouthere.Thecatmeant“kindwoman”,thetrianglescouldbetranslated

as“Asobstorywillwinahandout.”O(jiān)neofourfirst“guests”hadleftthis

messageforthosewhofollowedhim.Thatincidentwasmyintroductionto

thesecrethobocode,anditstartedmedoingsomefascinatingresearch.I

foundthatthehobocodeisanextremelysimpleone.Itusesneithernumbers

norletters;allthecodesymbolsareroughdrawingsthatlooklikeachild’s

firsteffortswithacrayon.Acircle,forinstance,means“Nothingdoing—no

handoutshere”,twolinespointingupwardmean“Theskyisthelimit—the

peopleherearegenerousIndeed.”Thesimplesymbolsarequite

incomprehensibletopersonswhohavenotbeentaughtthecode,buttheyare

immediatelyunderstoodbyhoboseverywhere.Thehobopicturelanguageis

anoldcodeandonethatisworldwide.ItwasprobablybroughttotheUnited

StatesfromEuropeatleastahundredyearsago.Old-timersinthehobo

jungles,orcamps,teachittotheyoungpunks—thosewhoarenewonthe

road.Forallthemenwhoregularlytramptheroads,thecodeisanalmost

indispensabletoolforliving.

Mostpeopleusethetermshobo,tramp,andbuminterchangeablyto

describeanywandererwhoasksforahandout.Actually,althoughallthree

typesofmenmayfollowtheroads,therearedifferencesbetweenthem.St

JohnTucker,formerpresidentoftheHoboCollegeinChicago,definesthe

hoboasa“migratoryworker,”thetrampasa“migatory,nonworker,”andthe

bumasa“stationarynonworker.”Anotherauthority,Dr.BenL.Reitman,

makesjustaboutthesamedistinction.Hesays,“Thehoboworksand

wanders,thetrampdreamsandwanders,andthebumdrinksandwanders.”

Bothagreethatthehobodiffersfromthetrampandthebumprincipallyin

thatheisactuallyaworker.Hemaynotremaininanyoneplaceforlong,but

heearnsmostofhislivinglegitimately.

Therearemanyreasonswhyamanmaybecomeahobo.Hardtimesor

seasonalunemploymentmayforceunskilledworkerstotaketotheroadsin

searchofjobs.Lowmentality;physicalhandicaps,oroldagemaymake

steadyworkimpossibleforsomemen.Discriminationbecauseofrace,color,

orcreedmaybeanobstacleforothers.Manymenwhobecomehobosare

unabletoholdasteadyjobbecauseofseverepersonalityproblems,

alcoholism,drugaddiction,orsimplytheinabilitytogetalongwithothers.

Thentherearesome—andtheyarenumerous—whotramptheroadsbecause

ofanoverwhelmingwanderlust,orrestlessness.

Whenofferedhischoiceoftwojobs,thehobowillusuallyheadforthe

onefarthestfromwhereheis.Hedoesservesocietyinhistravels;many

industries,includinglumbering,mining,andagriculture,makeuseofhim

duringtheirbusyseasons.Furthermore,wheneveracatastropheoccurs—fire,

flood,orearthquake—thehoboisoncallforwork.Heconstantlyseeks

varietyofexperience,somethingtobragaboutbackinthejungleswherehe

joinshisfellowsatnight.

Oneofthebasicappealsofthehobocampisthefactthatheretherover

canbragabout,andmagnify,hisexploitsfarhispeers.Thecampisusually

locatedinasecludedspotneartherailroadtracksattheedgeoftown.Itisthe

hobo’sservicecenter,theplacewherehecaneatthecommunitymulligan

stew,washhisclothes,sleep,andexchange,travelandjobinformationon

easytownsandhardcops.

Thecampalsoservesasaschoolforthosewhoarelearningtobegwhen

theywantto,workwhentheymust,andpilferwhentheycan.Atonetime

theseknightsoftheroadhadasecretgrip,ahandshakethatconsistedof

pressingthethumbnailinthebackoftheotherfellow’shand;ifhewerea

hobo,hewouldrespondbygraspingthemiddleandindexfingersinreturn.

Anotherway,ahobocouldidentifyhimselftoakindredroamerwasto

scratchhischinwithhisrighthandandthenpullhisrightear.Theother

hobo’ssignofrecognitionwasaclenchedfistplacedovertheheart.Ifa

policemanorsomeotherenemy,wasapproaching,onehobocouldsignal

anotherbypressingthebackofhisheadwitheitherhandandthenputtingthe

backofthathandtohismouth.

Theseritualsarenolongeringeneraluseamongthehobos;theyarenot

oftentaughtinthehobojunglestoday.Inthenew,streamlined“curriculum,”

effortisconcentratedonteachingthenovice(behehobo,tramp,orburn)the

secretcodesignsoftheroad.

Inmostways,however,theprivateworldofthewandererremainsthe

same.Hiscode,hiscamps,hisnaturechangebutlittle.Hegoesfromtownto

townsearchingforhandoutsjobs,adventure,andexcitement.Heseeksthe

everchangingsceneryoftheroad.

6.Mostofthewriter’sinformationforthisarticleprobablycamefrom.

A.ahelpfulneighbor

B.researchinbooks

C.talkswithhobs

D.asurvey

7.Manymenmightnotbecomehobo.

A.freefoodwereprovidedforthem

B.moreskilledjobswereavailable

C.therewasbettereducationsystem

D.personalityproblemsweresolved

8.Hobosandtrampsarealikeinthattheyboth.

A.refusetowork

B.prefersolitude

C.arerestless

D.cannotholdasteadyjob

9.Thewriterthinksthatthehobois.

A.usuallyaburdentosociety

B.sometimesausefulcitizen

C.oftenamantobeenvied

D.alwaysaburdentosociety

10.Thewriterintendedthisarticleto.

A.provideinterestinginformation

B.teachreadersthehobocode

C.makepeopleawareofasocialproblem

D.tellusthedifferencebetweenthehobo,thetrampandthebum

【答案與解析】

6.B第五段句子“Thatincidentwasmyintroductiontothesecrethobo

code,anditstartedmedoingsomefascinatingresearch.”表明鄰居的話只是

激起了作者的好奇心,真正的信息來自作者的調(diào)查。

7.D第七段解釋了人們成為hobo的原因。倒數(shù)第二句提到許多人成

為hobos只是因?yàn)樾愿駟栴},所以選D。

8.D第六段說明了hobos,tramp和bum的區(qū)別。其中hobo在不同地方

游蕩工作,而tramp在不同地方游蕩但不工作。所以選D,他們都沒有穩(wěn)定

的工作。

9.B第九段展示了hobos工作的一些情況,在第一句就明確表明他們

在旅行中服務(wù)社會(huì)。

10.AB項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)以偏概全,作者意在提供一些關(guān)于流浪漢的有意思

的信息,并不在于揭示社會(huì)問題。

Passage3

Palmyra,aoncesplendidcitywhoseruinsintheSyriandesertcanstill

beseen,wasthecapitalofoneofthemostunusualrulersinhistory.Shewas

Zenobia,whocalledherselfQueenoftheEast.

ZenobiawasborninthedesertofeasternSyriaaboutA.D.220.Her

father,Zabbai,wasanArabBedouinchieftain.Hermotherwasabeautiful

GreekwomanwhoproudlyclaimedCleopatraasanancestor.

Thegirl’searlyhomewasagoat-hairtent,pitchednowinthesands,

nowbesidesomeoasisintheshadowofthepalms.WhileZenobiawasstill

veryyoung,herparentsrealizedthatshehadbeengreatlyblessed.Zabbai’s

peoplehadneverseensuchabeautifulchild.Inadditiontoherbeautyshe

hadstrengthandintelligence.Bythetimeshewastwelveyearsold,shehad

learnedtorideacamelasfarandasfastasanyoneinthetribe,andshe

alreadyshowedsignsofthequalifiesofleadershipthatweretomakehera

proudandpowerfulqueen.

AtthattimetheeasternhalfofSyriawasruledbythecityofPalmyra,

anoasisatthejunctionofthegreatdesertcaravanroutes.ThroughPalmyra

traveledtherichesoftheEastontheirwaytothemarketsoftheWest-Greek,

Jewish,Arab,andSyrianmerchantscan3etotradesilks,carpets,dates,and

grain.Thecitywasarichprize,andeventuallyitwasseizedbytheRomans.

OdenathuswastherulerofPalmyra.AlthoughtheRomanshadgiven

himhispower,Romewasfaraway,andhewasambitious.Littlebylittlehe

tookthegovernmentawayfromRomeandintohisownhands.Finallyhe

plannedarevoltandmaderipsintothedeserttorecruitandtraintribesmento

fightwithhim.ItwasononeofthesetripsthathemetZenobia.Theprince

wascaptivatedbythisbeautiful,wild-ridinggirl,andaskedZabbaiforher

hand.Theyweremarriedinalavishceremonyanddark-eyedZenobia,atthe

ageofeighteen,movedtoPalmyratoliveinacarvedstonepalace.

Intimetheyhadthreesonsandseveraldaughters.Zenobiasawtoitthat

herchildrenwerewelleducated:sheevenbroughtthephilosopherLonginus

fromRometobetheirtutor.

Theyoungqueentookaninterestinalltheaffairsofstate.She

impressedtheministerswithhershrewdjudgmentandthearmygenerals

withherdaring.Shelearnedtoplanmilitarycampaignsandtodrillandlead

theArabsoldiers.Shelearnedtoplanmilitary,campaignsandtodrilland

leadtheAraabsoldiers.SheherselfledachargeagainstthePersians,whose

armieshadbeenthreateningPalmyrafromtheeast.Encouragedbythis

success,OdenathusandZenobiaattackedaRomanarmyinnorthernSyria;

thedaringplanworked,andtheenemywasdestroyed.

Amazedandfrightenedatthesevictories,thestatesneighboringonthe

SyriandesertjoinedforceswithPalmyra.Attheheightofthissuccess,

however,Odenathuswasmurdered.Zenobiawaslefttorulealone.She

proclaimedherselfabsolute

monarchofPalmyraandaddedtheproudtitle,QueenoftheEast.

Thewidowedqueenlookedaboutfornewworldstoconquer.Tothe

southwestlayrich,civilizedEgypt.Shesentseventythousandofhertroops

totheNile,andtheyseizedthecountryafteronevictoriousbattle.Noarmy

seemedabletowithstandZenobia’smight.Astrideherwhitecamel,her

purplecloakflying,sheledhercavalry,acrossthesandsfromonevictoryto

another.Syria,Egypt,Arabia,Palestine,Persia,AsiaMinor—allfellbefore

theBedouinqueen:Bythetimeshewasfortyyearsoldsherulednearlyhalf

ofRome’sformerempire.

Zenobiawaspopularinheradoptedcity-state.Homage,wealth,and

glorypouredintoPalmyra,andthecitypromisedtobecometheRomeof

Asia.ArtistsandpoetstraveledtothedesertkingdomfromEuropeandthe

East.Whitetemplesandpalacesgleamedacrossthedose.Camelcaravans,

ladenwithriches,woundinandoutofthecitygates.Everywherethepeople

cheeredZenobiaassherodefearlesslyaboutthecity.

ZenobiaknewthatRome’spowerandpridecouldnotbeignored:afinal

clashmustcome.Rome,arousedbyPalmyra’srebellion:victories,and

growingmight,waspreparingtofightforthemasteryoftheEasternworld.

TheSyrianqueenmadepreparationstoo.Shebolsteredthestrengthofher

armiesandbuiltfortressesonthefrontiers:

WhentheRomanssentageneralandtheirbesttroopstohumblethe

proudqueen,theyunderestimatedZenobia’smilitary,skill.ItwastheRoman

generalwhowashumbled,andRomansoldierswhowerekilled.Asecond

manywassentagainstZenobia.ThistimeshemethermatchinAurelian,the

generalwhowaslatertobecomeemperorofRome.TheArabcavalrythat

hadsweptfromtheblackSeatotheNilewentdownbeforehisveteran

troops.ZenobiaandtheremnantsofherforcesretreatedinsidePalmyra’s

walls;thereZenobiavowedthatshewoulddieratherthansurrender.When

Aurelianofferedtosparethecityuponhersurroundingsshemockingly

refused.Duringthedesperatesiegethatfollowed:Zenobiamovedaboutthe

ramparts,encouraginghersoldiersandfightingwithherownspearwhere

therewasneed.However,evenhercourageanddeterminationwerenot

enough.Thecity’sfoodsupplygaveout;thearmywasweakenedby

starvation.UnlessZenobiacouldenlisttheaidofthePersians,Palmyrawas

doomed.SheresolvedtoescapeandseekaidfromPersiaherself.

Undercoverofadarknight,sheandafewfollowerslowered

themselvesintotheRomancampatthefootofthewall.Theycreptpastthe

Romansentries,mountedcamels,andturnedeasttowardtheEuphrates

River.Ridingbynightanhidingbyday,theyfinallycamewithin,sightof

palmsahead—thepalmsthatmarkedthebanksoftheEuphrates.Acrossthe

riverwasPersia—andsafety.Lookingback,ZenobiasawtheRomansin

pursuit.Frantically,sheshoutedatafishermantocomeandfetchher.Hewas

puzzled,butheturnedhisboatandrowedtowardher.TheRomansarrived

beforehecouldreachtheshore.

AureliantookthedefeatedqueenandmanyotherprisonerstoRome.

There,boundingoldchains,theQueenoftheEastmarchedbehindhis

chariotinhistriumphalparade—abitterexperienceforthequeenwhohad

oncedreamedofconqueringRome.Aureliantreatedhisdistinguishedcaptive

generously,presentingherwithahandsomevillanearRome.Thereshewas

allowedtoliveoutherdayspeacefullyasaRomanmatron.

TheempireoftheEastcrumbledwiththefallofPalmyraandthe

captureofitsqueen.ThesplendorandpompofPalmyrabecameonlya

memory.ButthenameofZenobiastillremainsasymbolofgloryandpride.

11.ThestatesneighboringontheSyriandmortjoinedforceswith

Palmyrabecausethey.

A.wereafraidthattheywouldbetakenbyforce

B.admiredZenobia

C.sawawaytomakeaprofitforthemselves

D.admiredOdenathus

12.ZenobiaknewthatRomewouldtrytoreconquerPalmyra

because_____.

A.shehadmadeitarichcity

B.Romewasjealousofherpower.

C.shehadtakenawayallofRome'sempire

D.BothBandC

13.PalmyashowedpromiseofbecomingtheRomeofAsia.

A.afterZenobiabuiltherempire

B.duringthetimethatOdenathusruled

C.aftertheRomanstookitandsettledthere

D.Noneoftheabove.

14.Zenobia’slastnobledeedasageneralwas.

A.enlistingtheaidofthePersians

B.buildingfrontierfortresses

C.refusingAurelian’smercy

D.tovowthatshewoulddieratherthansurrenderandshekepther

promise.

15.Theword“pitched”inparagraph3means.

A.thrown

B.aimed

C.setup

D.dug

【答案與解析】

11.A從第八段首句可知他們是因?yàn)槲窇植磐犊縋almyra。

12.D從第十一段可知Rome是因?yàn)镻almyra的背叛和勝利才發(fā)起戰(zhàn)

爭,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

13.A從第十段第二句可知在Zenobia建立自己的政權(quán)以后,通過不

斷的征服,最終讓Palmyra城市不斷繁榮,有成為亞洲的羅馬的希望。

14.A故事以Zenobia請求援兵失敗被捕結(jié)束,并接受了羅馬提供給

她的特殊待遇,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

15.Cpitched指Zenobia曾經(jīng)住過的類似的帳篷現(xiàn)在仍矗立在沙漠

中。

PartTwoEnglish-ChineseTranslation(30points)

TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese.Eachtranslatedpassage

willaccountfor15points.Givethenumberofthepassageonyouranswer

sheet.

Passage1

Booksarethebestofthings,wellused;abused,amongtheworst.What

istherightuse?Whatistheoneendwhichallmeansgotoeffect?Theyare

fornothingbuttoinspire.Ihadbetterneverseeabook,thantobewarpedby

itsattractioncleanoutofmyownorbit,andmadeasatelliteinsteadofa

system.Theonethingintheworld,ofvalue,istheactivesoul.Thisevery

manisentitledto;thiseverymancontainswithinhim,althoughinalmostall

menobstructedandasyetunborn.

【參考譯文】

書能善讀時(shí),是最好的,如果濫用,就是有害的。什么是善用？什么

是閱讀的目的？什么是各種手段都要施加影響的終點(diǎn)？它就是啟迪心

智,除此無他。如果我的思想為書本吸引被完全束縛,無法循著自我的軌

道運(yùn)行,成為他人思想的衛(wèi)星而不是自我的星系,我寧愿一本書也不讀。

活躍的心靈是這世上最寶貴的。每個(gè)人都有擁有它的權(quán)利,它也就在每

個(gè)人的心間。盡管,對于大多數(shù)人,這一心靈被禁錮了,或者尚未誕生。

Passage2

Abookcasereachesfromthefloortotheceiling.Itisfilledwithmedical

booksofeverythicknessandcolor.Onthetopshelfoftheeasestandsalong

rowofliteraryworks,amongwhichmaybementionedTheCanterbury

TalesbyGeoffrey,Chaucer,TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustuby

ChristopherMarlowe,IvanhoebySirWalterScott,TheOldCuriousShopby

CharlesDickens,Gulliver'sTravelsbyJonathanSwift,PrideandPrejudice

byJaneAusten,WaldenbyHenryDavidThoreau,TheBlithedaleRomance

byNathanielHawthorne,MobyDickbyHermanMelville,TheSoundand

FurybyWilliamFaulkner,Catch22byJosephHoller,andSongofSolomon

byToniMonrrison.

【參考譯文】

書柜從地板一直到天花板,各種厚度顏色的醫(yī)學(xué)書籍囊列其中。在

在頂架上一長排的文學(xué)作品從容擺放,其中可能提及的有杰弗里·喬叟的

《坎特伯雷故事集》、克里斯托夫·弗馬洛的《浮士德博士的悲劇》、

瓦爾特·司各特爵士《艾凡赫》、查爾斯狄更斯的《老古玩店》、喬納

森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游記》、簡·奧斯汀的《傲慢與偏見》、亨利·大

衛(wèi)·梭羅的《瓦爾登湖》、納撒尼爾·霍桑的《福谷傳奇》、赫爾曼·麥爾

維爾的《白鯨記》、威廉·福克納的《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》、約瑟夫·海勒的

《第22條軍規(guī)》和托尼·莫里森的《所羅門之歌》。

PartThreeChinese-EnglishTranslation(30points)

TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoEnglish.Eachtranslatedpassage

willaccountfor15points.Givethenumberofthepassageonyouranswer

sheet.

Passage1

自然環(huán)境塑造文化。人、自然環(huán)境和文化相互影響,構(gòu)成一個(gè)互動(dòng)

的三角。人有自我意識(shí),有主觀能動(dòng)性,且高于自然,有智慧,甚至可以

說“人為萬物之靈”。人作用于自然之上而創(chuàng)造文化,可是他永遠(yuǎn)不能游

離于自然而置身其外;相對可以說,人在生物圈中只不過是微小的一部

分,他受到相當(dāng)程度的制約