名詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)課件(中考英語)

TopicReviewCoursewareforNouns(MiddleSchoolEClassificationofNounsThePluralFormNounsThepossessivecaseofnounsThesyntacticfunctionofnounsFixedcollocationofnounsNounspecificexercisesandanalysiscontents目錄ClassificationofNounsCATALOGUE01ProperterminologyPropernounsarenamesofspecificpersons,places,organizationsorthings,suchas"China","Beijing","Apple".PropernounsareusuallycapitalizedinEnglish.Commonnounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsratherthanaspecificindividual,suchas"cat","dog","tree".Commonnounsarecountableoruncountabledependingonthecontext.Commonnoun0102CountablenounCountablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,suchas"cat"and"cats".Countablenounscanbeusedwithnumbers,suchas"onecat","twodogs".Uncountablenounsarethosethatcannotbecountedormeasured,suchas"milk","bread".Uncountablenounsareusuallyusedwithoutanumberorarticle.UncountablenounThePluralFormNounsCATALOGUE02SummaryWeakconjugationreferstotheformationofpluralnounswhereonlythefinal'sisaddedtothesingularform.Examplecat→cats,dog→dogs,fox→foxesWeakconjugationIrregularchangesinvolvethemodificationoftherootworditselfintheformationoftheplural.Summaryman→men,woman→women,child→childrenExampleIrregularchangesSpecialcircumstancesrefertoexceptionsoruniquecaseswherethepluralformationdoesnotfollowtheregularrules.mouse→mice(insteadofmouses),goose→geese(insteadofgose),sheep→sheep(nochange)SpecialcircumstancesExampleSummaryThepossessivecaseofnounsCATALOGUE03Thepossessivecaseisusedtoshowownershiporpossession.Itisformedbyaddinganapostrophe(‘)totheendofthenoun.Forexample,“John’sbook”meansthatthebookbelongstoJohn.Thepossessivecaseisalsousedwithpronounstoshowpossession.Forexample,“hercar”meansthatthecarbelongstoher.PossessivecaseVSThepreposition“of”isoftenusedwiththepossessivecase.Forexample,“thehouseofJohn”meansthatthehousebelongstoJohn.Theuseof“of”withthepossessivecasecanbeusedtoshowpossessionofanattributeorcharacteristic.Forexample,“thecolorofJohn’scar”meansthecolorthatbelongstoJohn’scar.OfpossessivecaseThedoublegenitiveisaconstructionwheretwogenitivecasesareusedtogether.Forexample,“thewifeofJohn’sfriend”meansthewifeofJohnwhoisalsoafriend.Thedoublegenitiveisoftenusedtoshowpossessionofsomethingthatbelongstoafriendorrelative.Forexample,“thebrotherofmysister”meansmysister’sbrother.DoublegenitiveThesyntacticfunctionofnounsCATALOGUE04Thesubjectisthemainpartofthesentence,expressingthepersonorthingperformingtheaction.Inthesentence"Thecatsatonthemat,""cat"isthesubject,indicatingthepersonorthingthatperformstheactionofsitting.Thesubjectusuallycomesbeforetheverbinthesentence,butthereareexceptions.subjectTheobjectisthepartofthesentencethatreceivestheactionorisaffectedbyit.Inthesentence"Shereadthebook,""book"istheobject,indicatingthethingthatreceivestheactionofreading.Theobjectcanbeanoun,pronoun,oraclause.object

ExpressivelanguageNounscanexpressdifferentemotionsorattitudesthroughcontextandmodifiers.Forexample,"thebeautifulflower"usestheadjective"beautiful"toexpresspositiveemotionstowardstheflower.Nounscanalsobeusedinasarcasticorironicwaytoexpressnegativeemotionsorattitudes.Anappositiveisanounthatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanothernouninthesentence.Itisusuallysetoffbycommas,parentheses,ordashes.Forexample,"thecat,mypet,satonthemat"usestheappositive"mypet"toprovideadditionalinformationaboutthecat.AppositiveFixedcollocationofnounsCATALOGUE05Verbsthatcollocatewithnouns01nounsareoftenusedincombinationwithcertainverbs,creatingfixedcollocations.Forexample,"attendameeting"isafixedcollocation,asis"hostaparty."Verbsthatcollocatewithnouns02nounscanalsobeusedwithcertainverbstocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"participateinacompetition"isafixedcollocation,asis"competeagainsteachother."Verbsthatcollocatewithnouns03nounscanalsobeusedwithcertainverbstocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"winaprize"isafixedcollocation,asis"acceptanaward."FixedcollocationwithverbsAdjectivesthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanbeusedincombinationwithcertainadjectivestocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"abeautifulflower"isafixedcollocation,asis"adeliciousmeal."Adjectivesthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanalsobeusedwithcertainadjectivestocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"afamousperson"isafixedcollocation,asis"auniqueexperience."Adjectivesthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanalsobeusedwithcertainadjectivestocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"anecessarystep"isafixedcollocation,asis"anunexpectedevent."Fixedcollocationwithadjectives010203Prepositionsthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanbeusedincombinationwithcertainprepositionstocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"abookonhistory"isafixedcollocation,asis"ameetingabouttheproject."Prepositionsthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanalsobeusedwithcertainprepositionstocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"apersonfromChina"isafixedcollocation,asis"adecisionwithoutfurtherdiscussion."Prepositionsthatcollocatewithnounsnounscanalsobeusedwithcertainprepositionstocreatefixedcollocations.Forexample,"atriptoEurope"isafixedcollocation,asis"alettertotheeditor."FixedcollocationwithprepositionsNounspecificexercisesandanalysisCATALOGUE06Multiplechoicequestionsareacommontypeofexamquestionwherelearnersarepresentedwithaseriesofoptionsandmustselectthecorrectanswer.Fornouns,multiplechoicequestionsmightfocusonvocabulary,grammar,orcontextualusage.Example:"Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectpluralformof'cat'?A)catsB)catC)catt