高中英語Unit3 Computers教學(xué)課件11

Unit3Computers教學(xué)課件一二一、閱讀下列句子,選出含有被動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子1.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001.2.Thesadtruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.3.Ihaveneverbeenabletolookatasnailsincethen.4.Hehasgonehome,becausehepromisedthathewouldvisithismom.5.Hehasbeenalwaystalkingwithhisgirlfriend.6.Hehasbeenbeatenbyhisfather.7.Wehavebeentoldnottostareatastranger.8.ShehasgonetoGuangzhou.9.Myhomeworkhasbeendonealready.10.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbytheyoungworkers.含有被動的句子:

答案:1,2,6,7,9,10一二二、請用現(xiàn)在完成時翻譯下列句子1.我的朋友買了一輛新車。2.一種不知名的病毒進攻了我的電腦。3.我們還沒有解決那些問題。4.你完成工作了嗎?5.我沒有見過你的書。答案:Myfriendhasboughtanewcar.

答案:Anunknownvirushasattackedmycomputer.

答案:Wehaven’tsolvedthoseproblems.

答案:Haveyoufinishedthework?

答案:Ihaven’tseenyourbook.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的主要意義現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)

使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)語法圖解1.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)主要有以下幾個方面的意義:(1)表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,而且這個動作是被動的。單句語法填空①(2018·全國Ⅲ)Theirefforts

(prove)fruitful.

答案:havebeenproven(2)表示在過去發(fā)生的,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的并可能持續(xù)下去的被動動作或狀態(tài)。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用,或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。單句語法填空②(2017·全國Ⅱ)Since1958,they

(recognize)asthenationaltheatreofIsrael.

答案:havebeenrecognized(3)用在時間或條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時已完成的動作,即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。③Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.作業(yè)一做完你就可以回家。2.使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題:(1)在現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)中,have/has和been缺一不可。閱讀下列句子,指出哪些句子是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。④ThecomputerwasboughtlastSunday.⑤(2017·天津)IfeelthatI’vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.⑥Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.⑦(2018·江蘇)Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的句子

答案:⑤⑦(2)注意現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去,其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響;而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。翻譯句子⑧Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(說明動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在有影響,即:修好了。)翻譯

答案:這臺機器已經(jīng)修好了。⑨Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只說明動作發(fā)生在昨天。)翻譯

答案:這臺機器昨天被修理了。(4)有些動詞如finish,buy,start,begin等,表示的動作很短暫,我們稱之為短暫性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。它們構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與for,since構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的句子連用,也不能用于“Howlong...?”句型中。翻譯句子11那項工作已經(jīng)開始。答案:Thatjob/workhasbeenstarted.(3)不可與具體的時間狀語連用(如yesterday,threedaysago,in1970,in2050等),但可與不確定的時間狀語連用(如already,yet,just,often,recently,inthepastfewyears等)。單句語法填空⑩Inthepastfewyears,manytallbuildings

(build)inthisarea.

答案:havebeenbuilt(5)帶有雙賓語的動詞,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。變式訓(xùn)練12主動語態(tài)Ihavegivenhimthebook.(改為被動語態(tài))被動語態(tài)1

答案:Hehasbeengiventhebook(byme).被動語態(tài)2

答案:Thebookhasbeengiventohim(byme).(6)帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)的動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時,應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,原來的賓語補足語保留。主動語態(tài)中省略to的不定式作賓語補足語的,被動語態(tài)中要還原to。13主動語態(tài)Ihaveaskedhimtohelpyou.(改為被動語態(tài))被動語態(tài)

答案:Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou(byme).14主動語態(tài)Ihavemadehimworkhard.(改為被動語態(tài))被動語態(tài)

答案:Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).(7)短語動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時,要注意保持短語動詞的完整性,動詞后面原有的介詞或副詞不可遺漏。此類短語動詞有:a.動詞+介詞lookafter,callon,relyon,lookfor,lookat,listento,dreamof,meetwith,laughat,resultin,waitfor,dowith,dealwith,operateon,referto,thinkof等b.動詞+名詞+介詞payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,keepaneyeon,makefunof,catchsightof,setfireto,takeholdof,takenoteof,takecareof等c.動詞+副詞turnon,turnoff,turnout,carryon,carryout,thinkover,makeup,setup,putdown,handin,pointout,callup等變式訓(xùn)練15主動語態(tài)Hehasreferredtothebook.(改為被動語態(tài))被動語態(tài)

答案:Thebookhasbeenreferredto(byhim).16主動語態(tài)Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.(改為被動語態(tài))被動語態(tài)

答案:Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).(8)現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:a.有些動詞和動詞短語沒有被動形式,也不可用其過去分詞作后置定語,如:breakout,belongto,arrive,die,become,disappear,takeplace,happen等。單句改錯17Awarbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenbrokenout.答案:去掉been18Asyouknow,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcity.答案:去掉been單句語法填空19Apresenthasbeenbought

mybestfriend.

答案:for20Thegifthasbeengiven

mybestfriend.

答案:tob.動詞get,buy,sing,cook,fetch,make,spare,find等詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,間接賓語前常加介詞for;其他動詞的間接賓語前常加介詞to。c.如果被動結(jié)構(gòu)中強調(diào)行為的工具或使用的材料,用介詞with;若指明動作的執(zhí)行者,則用介詞by。單句填空21Thetreehasbeencut

anaxe.

答案:with22Thefloorhasbeenswept

someone.

答案:by一二一、單句語法填空1.Fromtheageofseven,thelittlegirl

(praise)forhertalentforsinginganddancing.

答案:hasbeenpraised2.Theparty

(plan)sincethenewyear.

答案:hasbeenplanned3.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey

(teach)manytimesontheradio.

答案:havebeentaught4.Greatchanges

(take)placesincethe1990s.

答案:havetaken5.Thesystem

(design)togivestudentsquickandeasyaccesstothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

答案:hasbeendesigned一二二、把下列句子中的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)1.Thelovingfamilyhasbroughtuptheboy.答案:Theboyhasbeenbroughtupbythelovingfamily.2.ThetwoAustralianshavevisitedthatvillagetwice.答案:ThatvillagehasbeenvisitedtwicebythetwoAustralians.3.Thesoldiershavealreadyplantedsometreesontheriverban