機械工程專業(yè)英語課件-L00科技英語的特點

TheCharacteristicsofMechanicalEngineeringProfCATALOGUE目錄IntroductiontoScienceandTechnologyEnglishTheVocabularyCharacteristicsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishTheGrammarCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishTheDiscourseCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishCHAPTER01IntroductiontoScienceandTechnologyEnglishDefinitionScienceandTechnologyEnglish(STE)isasubsetofprofessionalEnglishthatfocusesonthelanguageofscienceandtechnology.Itisusedtocommunicatescientificandtechnologicalinformation,concepts,andprocesses.CharacteristicsSTEisprecise,objective,andevidence-based.Itutilizesspecializedvocabulary,complexsentencestructures,andtechnicaljargonrelatedtovariousfieldsofscienceandtechnology.DefinitionandcharacteristicsCommunicationofInformationSTEisessentialforthecommunicationofscientificandtechnologicalinformationacrossdisciplines,countries,andcultures.Itenablesthetransferofknowledgeandtheadvancementofscientificdiscovery.GlobalCollaborationAstheworldbecomesmoreinterconnected,theabilitytocommunicateinSTEiscrucialforglobalcollaborationinresearchanddevelopment.Itenablesscientistsandengineerstoshareideas,results,andbestpractices.TheImportanceofScientificEnglishSTEemergedinthe17thcenturywiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.Asscientificknowledgebecamemorecomplexandwidespread,therewasaneedforastandardizedlanguagetocommunicatethisknowledgeeffectively.Overtime,STEhasevolvedtoincludemorespecializedsubfieldssuchasbiotechnology,nanotechnology,andenvironmentalscience.Thelanguageusedinthesefieldshasbecomeincreasinglytechnicalandspecialized.Withtherapidpaceoftechnologicaladvancement,STEisconstantlyevolvingtokeepupwithnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology.Thereisagrowingemphasisontheuseofplainlanguagetomakescientificconceptsmoreaccessibletoawideraudience.OriginsEvolutionCurrentTrendsTheHistoryandDevelopmentofScienceandTechnologyEnglishCHAPTER02TheVocabularyCharacteristicsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishTheuseofprofessionalterminology專業(yè)術(shù)語的使用科技英語中經(jīng)常使用專業(yè)術(shù)語來描述特定的概念、原理或技術(shù)。這些術(shù)語通常具有精確、簡練的特性，能夠準確傳達特定領(lǐng)域的信息。總結(jié)專業(yè)術(shù)語的使用是科技英語詞匯特點之一，它有助于提高信息的準確性和傳遞效率。為了簡化表達和節(jié)省篇幅，科技英語中經(jīng)常使用縮略詞，如ISO、DNA、CPU等。這些縮略詞通常是專業(yè)術(shù)語的首字母縮寫或特定短語的簡寫?？s略詞的使用縮略詞的使用是科技英語詞匯的另一個特點，它有助于提高表達的簡潔性，但也可能增加讀者的理解難度?？偨Y(jié)TheuseofabbreviationsExpansionandcontractionofwordmeanings在科技英語中，一些常見詞匯的詞義可能會發(fā)生擴展或縮減，以適應(yīng)特定領(lǐng)域的需要。例如，“cell”在生物學(xué)中通常指“細胞”，但在電學(xué)中可以指“電池”。詞義的擴展和縮減詞義的擴展和縮減是科技英語詞匯的又一特點，它反映了語言對專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的適應(yīng)性和靈活性。總結(jié)VS隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，一些新概念、新發(fā)明和新理論不斷涌現(xiàn)，需要創(chuàng)造新的詞匯來描述它們。例如，“cyberspace”（網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間）、“gene”（基因）等?？偨Y(jié)新詞的創(chuàng)造是科技英語詞匯的一個重要特點，它反映了科技發(fā)展的速度和語言的創(chuàng)新性。新詞的創(chuàng)造TheCreationofNewWordsCHAPTER03TheGrammarCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishTheuseofpassivevoice01被動語態(tài)在科技英語中廣泛使用，強調(diào)動作或過程而非執(zhí)行者，使表述更加客觀、準確。02被動語態(tài)有助于簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)，突出重點信息，使語言更加簡潔明了。在描述實驗、研究、產(chǎn)品等客觀對象時，使用被動語態(tài)可以避免主觀色彩，增強文章的可信度。03010203名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)在科技英語中常見，將動詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊、專業(yè)。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)可以突出重點信息，使表達更具邏輯性和條理性。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)有助于減少句子數(shù)量，提高文章的信息密度，使表達更加高效。Theuseofnominalizationstructures03在科技英語中，長句和復(fù)雜句的使用也有助于提高表達的專業(yè)性和權(quán)威性。01科技英語中長句和復(fù)雜句的使用較為常見，以表達復(fù)雜的概念和邏輯關(guān)系。02長句和復(fù)雜句可以完整地呈現(xiàn)一個概念或理論體系，有助于讀者深入理解。TheuseoflongandcomplexsentencesTheuseofomittedsentences01在科技英語中，省略句的使用也是常見的語法特點。02省略句可以簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)，突出重點信息，使表達更加簡潔明了。03省略句的使用有助于提高文章的信息密度，使表達更加高效。CHAPTER04TheDiscourseCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishObjectivity:ThelanguageusedinscientificEnglishisobjectiveandimpersonal,avoidingpersonalopinionsoremotions.Thefocusisonfactsandevidence,andthelanguageisusedtodescribeandexplainphenomenaasobjectivelyaspossible.Scientificobservation:ScientificEnglishisusedtoreportobservationsandexperimentsinapreciseandobjectivemanner.Itisimportanttouselanguagethatisfreefrompersonalbiasandtopresentdatainawaythatcanbeindependentlyverified.Experimentalmethods:Whendescribingexperimentalmethods,scientificEnglishaimstobeobjectiveandaccurate.Itisessentialtoprovideenoughdetailforotherstoreplicatetheexperiment,withoutaddingunnecessarypersonalopinionsorbiases.objectivityAccuracyScientificEnglishdemandsabsoluteaccuracyinthedescriptionofphenomenaandthereportingofdata.Anyerrorsorinaccuraciescanleadtomisleadingconclusionsorincorrectunderstandingofscientificfindings.TerminologyTheuseofpreciseandaccurateterminologyisessentialinscientificEnglish.Thelanguageshouldbeusedinawaythatavoidsambiguityandconfusion,andtermsshouldbedefinedandusedconsistently.Evidence-basedScientificEnglishisbasedonevidenceandfacts,notpersonalopinionsorhunches.Itisimportanttosupportclaimswithreliabledataandevidence,andtopresentconclusionsinawaythatiswell-foundedandconvincing.accuracyNormativenessNormativeness:ScientificEnglishfollowsasetofnormsandconventionsthatarewidelyacceptedwithinthescientificcommunity.Thesenormsincludetheuseofstandardformatsforwritingscientificpapers,thepropercitationofsources,andthepresentationofdataintablesandfigures.Peerreview:ScientificEnglishissubjecttorigorouspeerreview,whichensuresthatthelanguageusedfollowsthenormsandconventionsofthefield.Peerreviewerscheckforaccuracy,objectivity,andtheproperpresentationofdata,ensuringthatthelanguageconformstothehigheststandardsofthediscipline.Standardizedlanguage:TheuseofstandardizedlanguageinscientificEnglishhelpstoensureclarity,consistency,andcomparabilityacrossdifferentstudiesanddisciplines.Italsofacilitatescommunicationwithinthescientificcommunityandallowsfortheaccumulationanddisseminationofknowledge.InformationalInformational:ScientificEnglishishighlyinformational,providingdetailedaccountsofexperiments,observations,andresearchfindings.Itisimportanttoconveycomp