西南科技大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（A卷）及詳解

2011年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（B卷）及詳解

2012年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（A卷）及詳解

2012年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（B卷）及詳解

2013年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（B卷）及詳解

2014年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（A卷）及詳解

2014年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（B卷）及詳解

2015年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（A卷）及詳解

2016年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題（B卷）及詳解

2011年西南科技大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題（A卷）及詳解

I.VOCABULARYANDGRAMMAR(30’)

MultipleChoices

Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

1．Thenewcolleague_____tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporations

beforehejoinedourcompany.

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】句意：新來(lái)的同事宣稱自己之前在好幾個(gè)大公司工作過(guò)。本題

考查的是詞義辨析，claim要求；聲稱；需要，聲稱的意思符合題意，

故為正確答案。confess承認(rèn)；坦白。declare宣布，聲明。confirm確認(rèn)；

確定。

2．Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew_____

fromthenovel.

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】句意：閱讀課上，老師讓同學(xué)們讀一下幾篇從小說(shuō)中摘下來(lái)的

材料。本題考查的是詞語(yǔ)辨析。extract表示源自書本中的“摘錄”、“選

段”、“引文”等，符合題意，故為正確答案。piece表示“作品”時(shí)一般指

完整的作品，可以是詩(shī)歌、樂(lè)曲等，但一般不是小說(shuō)(除了用于

masterpiece中)。essay一般指文章、論文等。fragment表示“片斷”，可指

文藝作品中的殘存部分。

3．Theteacher_____expectshisstudentstopasstheuniversityentrance

examination.

A.confidentially

B.proudly

C.assuredly

D.confidently

【答案】D

【解析】句意：老師滿懷信心地期待著學(xué)生們通過(guò)高考。本題考查的是

詞義辨析，confidently“自信地，有信心地”，符合題意，故為正確答

案。confidentially“機(jī)密地，秘密地”。proudly“驕傲地，自豪地”。

assuredly“確實(shí)地，確信地”。

4．TheheadoftheMuseumwas_____andletusactuallyexaminethe

ancientmanuscript.

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】句意：這個(gè)博物館的館主是非常親切的，允許我們現(xiàn)場(chǎng)查看古

代手稿.本題考查的是詞義辨析，obliging樂(lè)于助人的；有禮貌的；體貼

的，符合題意，故為正確答案。promising有希望的，有前途的。

agreeing同意。pleasing令人愉快的；討人喜歡的。

5．Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over_____fora

propertycompany.

A.application

B.bid

C.solution

D.suggestion

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這家跨國(guó)公司正在為接管一家房地產(chǎn)公司而競(jìng)標(biāo)。本題

考查的是詞義辨析bid指在競(jìng)標(biāo)、拍賣、競(jìng)選等中的“努力；企圖；投

標(biāo)；申辦”等，符合題意，故為正確答案。application表示“(向組織、單

位)申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求”。solution解決方案；溶液；溶解。suggestion表示“建

議”。

6．Theparty’sreducedvotewas_____oflackofsupportforitspolicies.

A.indicative

B.positive

C.revealing

D.evident

【答案】A

【解析】句意：該黨收到的選票數(shù)量減少，這顯示了其政策并不受歡

迎。本題考查的是詞義辨析，indicative象征的；指示的；表示……的。

isindicativeof…表明；說(shuō)明……符合題意，故為正確答案。positive積極

的；正的。revealing透露真情的；有啟迪作用的。evident明顯的；明白

的。

7．Therehasbeena_____lackofcommunicationbetweentheunionand

themanagement.

A.regretful

B.regrettable

C.regretting

D.regretted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：令人遺憾的是，管理層與工會(huì)之間缺少足夠的溝通。本

題考查的是詞義辨析形近詞辨析，regrettable令人遺憾的；可惜的，符

合題意，故為正確答案。regretful后悔的，遺憾的。regretting是regret的

現(xiàn)在分詞形式。regretted是regret的過(guò)去分詞形式。

8．Thepolicehaveofferedalarge_____forinformationleadingtothe

robber’sarrest.

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

【答案】D

【解析】句意：警察懸賞一大筆獎(jiǎng)金求有關(guān)搶劫者的消息。本題考查的

是詞義辨析，reward報(bào)酬；報(bào)答，符合題意，故為正確答案。award獎(jiǎng)

品；判決。compensation補(bǔ)償；報(bào)酬。prize獎(jiǎng)賞；戰(zhàn)利品。

9．Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswere

completely_____.

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：電影大受歡迎，這表明影評(píng)家的恐懼是毫無(wú)道理的。本

題考查的是詞義辨析，unjustified不正當(dāng)?shù)?；未被證明其正確的，符合

題意，故為正確答案。unjust不公平的，不公正的。misguided被誤導(dǎo)

的。unaccepted未被接納的；被拒絕的。

10．Wehavebeenhearing_____accountsofyourwork.

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們聽到有人夸贊你的工作。本題考查的是詞義辨析，

favorable有利的；良好的，符合題意，故為正確答案。favored有利的；

受到優(yōu)待的。favorite最喜愛(ài)的；中意的。favoring順利的；有幫助的。

11．Ifthetemperatureofthereactor_____500degreeshigher,meltdown

wouldhaveoccurred.

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.wasbeing

D.had

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果反應(yīng)堆的溫度再高500度的話，物質(zhì)就可能會(huì)融

化。本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由主句wouldhaveoccurred可知，該題考

查的是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用haddone。

12．Themoreacidyouaddtothesolution,_____itbecomes.

A.cloudier

B.thecloudier

C.morecloudy

D.thecloudier

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你往溶液中加的酸越多，它就越渾濁。本題考查的是

越……就越……的用法，themore…themore…。

13．Thelecturersaid“It’stimeyou_____theliteraturereview.”

A.began

B.hadbegun

C.begin

D.arebeginning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師說(shuō)“你們?cè)撻_始寫文獻(xiàn)綜述了?！北绢}考查的是虛擬

語(yǔ)氣的用法，Itistimethat...從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種形式，或者用動(dòng)詞

的過(guò)去式(be用were)；或者用should+動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略)。此

句型為虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型，表示“現(xiàn)在某人該做某事了”。

14．After_____yourresults,youshouldmakeanappointmentwithyour

tutor.

A.youreceiving

B.youhavereceived

C.youwouldhavereceived

D.youreceived

【答案】B

【解析】句意：收到結(jié)果后，你就應(yīng)該與你的導(dǎo)師約好時(shí)間。本題考查

的是時(shí)態(tài)。收到應(yīng)該是在約時(shí)間之前。故答案為B。

15．You_____theexperimenttwice,notonce.

A.haven’tcarriedout

B.shouldn’thavecarriedout

C.shouldhavecarriedout

D.mighthavecarriedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意：你應(yīng)該做兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)，而不是一次。本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)

氣的用法，shouldhavedone…表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情形，意思是“本

來(lái)應(yīng)該做了某事但實(shí)際沒(méi)有做”。故答案為C。

16．Itlooks_____you’vemadeaseriousmistake.

A.as

B.if

C.though

D.asthough

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你看上去好像犯了一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。本題考查的是短

語(yǔ)的用法，asthough好像，與asif意思相同。符合題意，故為正確答

案。

17．_____therightanswerIwouldhavegotfullmarksintheexam.

A.IfIwouldhaveknown

B.IfI’llknow

C.HadIknown

D.IfIwasknowing

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我知道正確答案，我考試就會(huì)得滿分了。本題考查

的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，由主句的wouldhavedone可知，該題考查的是與

過(guò)去相反的事實(shí)，故從句要用haddone，但是從句省略了if，就得把had

提前，故答案為C。

18．_____wayyoudoit,theanswerisalwaysthesame.

A.However

B.Whichever

C.Whoever

D.Whyever

【答案】B

【解析】句意：無(wú)論你選擇哪種方法，答案都是一樣的。本題考查的是

詞義辨析，whichever任何一個(gè)；無(wú)論哪個(gè)，符合題意，故為正確答案。

however無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣。whoever無(wú)論誰(shuí)；任何人。whyever無(wú)論

什么原因。

19．IwishI_____youyesterday.

A.didtelephone

B.telephoned

C.hadtelephoned

D.weretotelephone

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我希望我昨兒給你打電話了。本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的

用法。由yesterday可知本題考查的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用haddone，

答案是C。

20．Heappears_____someminorproblems.

A.tohavehad

B.having

C.washaving

D.had

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他似乎遇到了些小問(wèn)題。本題考查的是appear的用法，

appear常和to連用，表示似乎，故A為正確答案。

II.READINGCOMPREHENSION(40’)

Section1MultipleChoices(20’)

Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-

choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyour

answersheet.

PassageA

Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.Assoonastheyhadletthefowlsout,

intheearlysummermornings,theyhadtotaketheirgunsandkeepguard;

andthenagainassoonaseveningbegantomellow,theymustgooncemore.

Andhewassosly.Heslidalonginthedeepgrass;hewasdifficultasa

serpenttosee.Andheseemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately.Onceor

twiceMarchhadcaughtsightofthewhitetipofhisbrush,ortheruddy

shadowofhiminthedeepgrass,andshehadletfireathim.Buthemadeno

accountofthis.

Thetreesonthewoodedgewereadarkish,brownishgreeninthefulllight-

foritwastheendofAugust.Beyond,thenaked,copperlikeshaftsandlimbs

ofthepinetreesshoneintheair.Nearertheroughgrass,withitslong,

brownishstalksallagleam,wasfulloflight.Thefowlswereroundabout—

theduckswerestillswimmingonthepondunderthepinetrees.March

lookedatitall,sawitall,anddidnotseeit.SheheardBanfordspeakingto

thefowlsinthedistance—andshedidnothear.Whatwasshethinking

about?Heavenknows.Herconsciousnesswas,asitwere,heldback.

Sheloweredhereyes,andsuddenlysawthefox.Hewaslookingupather.

Hischinwaspresseddown,andhiseyeswerelookingup.Theymethereyes.

Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelooked

intohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.

Shestruggled,confusedlyshecametoherself,andsawhimmakingoff,with

slowleapsoversomefallenboughs,slow,impudentjumps.Thenheglanced

overhisshoulder,andransmoothlyaway.Shesawhisbrushheldsmooth

likeafeather,shesawhiswhitebuttockstwinkle.Andhewasgone,softly,

softasthewind.

Sheputherguntohershoulder,buteventhenpursedhermouth,knowingit

wasnonsensetopretendtofire.Soshebegantowalkslowlyafterhim,inthe

directionhehadgone,slowly,pertinaciously.Sheexpectedtofindhim.In

herheartshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Whatshewoulddowhenshesaw

himagainshedidnotconsider.Butshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Soshe

walkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdark

eyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrange

mindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither.

Assoonassupperwasover,sheroseagaintogoout,withoutsayingwhy.

Shetookhergunagainandwenttolookforthefox.Forhehadliftedhis

eyesuponher,andhisknowinglookseemedtohaveenteredherbrain.She

didnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim.Shesawhisdark,

shrewd,unabashedeyelookingintoher,knowingher.Shefelthiminvisibly

masterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,she

knewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegrayishwhite.Andagainshe

sawhimglanceoverhisshoulderather,halfinviting,halfcontemptuousand

cunning.Soshewent,withhergreatstartledeyesglowing,hergununderher

arm,alongthewoodedge.Meanwhilethenightfell,andagreatmoonrose

abovethepinetrees.

21．Atthebeginningofthestory,thefoxseemstotheallEXCEPT_____.

A.cunning

B.fierce

C.defiant

D.annoying

22．Asthestoryproceeds,Marchbeginstofeelunderthespellof_____.

A.thelight

B.thetrees

C.thenight

D.thefox

23．GraduallyMarchseemstobeinastateof_____.

A.blankness

B.imagination

C.sadness

D.excitement

24．Attheendofthestory,thereseemstobeasenseof_____between

Marchandthefox.

A.detachment

B.anger

C.intimacy

D.conflict

25．Thepassagecreatesanoverallimpressionof_____.

A.mystery

B.horror

C.liveliness

D.contempt

【答案與解析】

21．B短文第一段第一句話“Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.”說(shuō)明

狐貍激怒了他們——捕獵女孩，故而狐貍是讓人惱火的

(annoying)；“Andhewassosly”意指狐貍狡猾（cunning）；當(dāng)March用

槍射他時(shí)，狐貍卻毫不在意：“Buthemadenoaccountofthis”，而且狐

貍“…seemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately”似乎故意包圍著捕獵女

孩們，這些都暗示狐貍帶有挑釁性（defiant）。從文中不能判斷狐貍是

兇猛的(fierce)，故選B。

22．D根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句話“Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknew

her.”告訴我們：當(dāng)狐貍的眼睛遇到March的眼睛時(shí)，March一下子像

被“符咒鎮(zhèn)住”（spellbound）了，她知道狐貍認(rèn)識(shí)她。

23．A根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)后兩句話“Shedidnotthink.Instrange

mindlessnessshewalkedhitherandhither.”說(shuō)明March心神不寧、心不在

焉，與blankness相似。

24．C最后一段告訴我們，March一不心被fox所占領(lǐng)，她很執(zhí)拗地想找

到fox，句子如：“Shewaspossessedbyhim,shefelthiminvisiblymaster

herspirit”等告訴我們March和fox似乎很了解對(duì)方，這與答案C項(xiàng)

intimacy（親密）相近。

25．A本文以細(xì)膩的筆調(diào)將故事娓娓道來(lái)，一個(gè)活生生的狐貍形象及

感情豐富且固執(zhí)的女獵手躍然紙上，這些都是通過(guò)描述獵手的心理活

動(dòng)、狐貍的表情行為及對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的渲染所造成的。通篇文章充滿了一

種神秘的氣氛。

PassageB

DavidLandes,authorofTheWealthandPovertyofNations:WhySomeAre

SoRichandSomeSoPoor,creditstheworld’seconomicandsocialprogress

overthelastthousandyearsto“Westerncivilizationanditsdissemination.”

Thereason,hebelieves,isthatEuropeansinventedsystematiceconomic

growth.First,sciencedevelopedasanautonomousmethodofintellectual

inquirythatsuccessfullydisengageditselffromthesocialconstraintsof

organizedreligionandfromthepoliticalconstraintsofcentralizedauthority.

ThoughEuropeanlackedapoliticalcenter,itsscholarsbenefitedfromtheuse

ofsinglevehicleofcommunication:Latin.Thiscommontonguefacilitated

anadversarialdiscourseinwhichnewideasaboutthephysicalworldcould

betested,demonstrated,andthenacceptedacrossthecontinentand

eventuallyacrosstheworld.Second,Landesespousesageneralizedformof

MaxWeber’sthesisthatthevaluesofwork,initiative,andinvestmentmade

thedifferenceforEurope.Despitehisemphasisonscience,Landesdoesnot

stressthenationofrationalityassuch.

Inhisviews,“whatcountsiswork,thrift,honesty,patience,[and]tenacity.”

Theonlyroutetoeconomicsuccessforindividualsorstatesisworkinghard,

spendinglessthanyouearn,andinvestingtherestinproductivecapacity.

Thisishisfundamentalexplanationoftheproblemposedbyhisbook’s

subtitle:“WhySomeAreSoRichandSomeSoPoor.”Forhistoricalreasons

—anemphasisonprivateproperty,anexperienceofpoliticalpluralism,a

temperateclimate,andanurbanstyle—Europeanshave,onbalance,followed

thosepracticesandthereforehaveprospered.Third,andperhapsmost

important,Europeanswerelearners.They“l(fā)earnedrathergreedily,”asJoel

MokyrputitinareviewofLande’sbook.EvenifEuropeanspossessed

indigenoustechnologiesthatgavethemanadvantage(spectacles,for

example),asLandesbelievestheydid,theirmostvitalassetwastheabilityto

assimilateknowledgefromaroundtheworldandputittouse—asin

borrowingtheconceptofzeroandrediscoveringAristotle’sLogicfromthe

ArabsandtakingpaperandgunpowderfromtheChineseviatheMuslim

world.Lnadesarguesthatasystematicresistancetolearningfromother

cultureshadbecomethegreatesthandicapoftheChinesebythe18thCentury

andremainsthegreatesthandicapofArabcountriestoday.

AlthoughhisanalysisofEuropeanexpansionisalmostnonexistent,Landes

doesn’targuethatEuropeanswerebeneficentbearersofcivilizationto

benightedworld.Rather,hereliesonhisowncommonsenselaw:“Whenone

groupisstrongenoughtopushanotheraroundandstandstogainbyit,itwill

doso.”Incontrasttothenewschoolofworldhistorians,Landesbelievesthat

specificculturalvaluesenabledtechnologicaladvancesthatinturnmade

someEuropeansstrongenoughtodominatepeopleinotherpartsofthe

world.Europeansthereforeproceededtodosowithgreatviciousnessand

cruelty.Byfocusingontheirvictimizationinthisprocess,Landesholds,

somepostcolonialstateshavewastedenergythatcouldhavebeenputinto

productiveworkandinvestment.IfonecouldsumupLandes’sadviceto

thesestatesinonesentence,itmightbe“Stopwhiningandgettowork.”This

isparticularlyimportant,indeedhopeful,advice,hewouldargue,because

successisnotpermanent.Advantagesarenotfixed,gainsfromtradeare

unequal,anddifferentsocietiesreactdifferentlytomarketsignals.Therefore,

notonlyistherehopeforundevelopedcountries,butdevelopedcountries

havelittlecausetobecomplacent,becausethecurrentsituation“willpress

hard”onthem.

ThethrustofstudieslikeLandes’sistoidentifythosedistinctivefeaturesof

Europeancivilizationthatliebehind.

Europe’srisetopowerandthecreationofmodernitymoregenerally.Other

historianshaveplacedagreateremphasisonsuchfeaturesasliberty,

individualism,andChristianity.Inareviewessay,thearthistorianCraig

Clunaslistedsomeofthelesswell-knownlinkagesthathavebeenproposed

betweenWesterncultureandmodernity,includingthepropensitiestothink

thequantitatively,enjoyspornography,andconsumessugar.Allsuch

proposalsassumethefundamentalaptnessofthequestion:Whatelementsof

EuropeancivilizationledtoEuropeansuccess?Itisashortleapfromthis

assumptiontooutrighttriumphalism.Theparadigmaticbookofthisschoolis,

ofcourse,TheEndofHistoryandtheLastMan,inwhichFrancisFukuyama

arguesthatafterthecollapseoftheNazismandcommunisminthe20th

Century,theonlyremainingmodelforhumanorganizationintheindustrial

andcommunicationsagesisacombinationofmarketeconomicsandlimited,

pluralist,democraticgovernment.

26．AccordingtoLandes,themainreasonthatsomecountriesaresopooris

that_____.

A.theylackworkethic

B.Theyarescientificallybackward

C.Theylackrationality

D.Theyarevictimizedbycolonists

27．Landesbelievesthat_____.

A.Europeanssetouttobringcivilizationtoanunfortunateworld

B.theEuropeansdominatedothercountriessimplybecausetheywerestrong

C.thedesireofEuropeanstocolonizeothercountriesstemmedfromspecific

culturalvalues

D.thecolonizedcountriesthemselvesweretoblameforbeingvictimizedby

Europeans

28．TheculturalelementsidentifiedbyLandes_____thoseidentifiedby

otherhistorians.

A.subsume

B.contradict

C.glorify

D.complicate

29．“Thisschool”(para.5)referstopeoplewho_____.

A.believeintheabsolutesuperiorityofwesternculture

B.holddrasticallydifferentviewsfromLandes

C.areverycautiousinlinkingWesterncultureandmodernity

D.followinthefootstepsofNazismandcommunism

30．IndiscussingLandes’swork,theauthor’stoneis_____.

A.matter-of-fact

B.skeptical

C.reproachful

D.enthusiastic

【答案與解析】

26．A根據(jù)第2段第二句話“Theonlyroutetoeconomicsuccessfor

individualsorstatesisworkinghard,spendinglessthanyouearn,and

investingtherestinproductivecapacity”，Landes認(rèn)為不論是一個(gè)國(guó)家還

是個(gè)人，獲得財(cái)富的秘訣就是勤奮工作，花的比賺的少，將剩下的錢投

資到回報(bào)率高的東西上。所以，有的國(guó)家貧困的原因就是缺乏工作準(zhǔn)

則，也就是不努力工作。

27．B根據(jù)第三段第三句話“Landesbelievesthatspecificculturalvalues

enabledtechnologicaladvancesthatinturnmadesomeEuropeansstrong

enoughtodominatepeopleinotherpartsoftheworld.”Landes認(rèn)為歐洲文

化價(jià)值觀很獨(dú)特，因而歐洲的科技很先進(jìn)，這讓歐洲強(qiáng)大起來(lái)去征服全

世界。所以歐洲能征服全世界是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大。

28．A根據(jù)最后一段第一二句話“Europe’srisetopowerandthecreation

ofmodernitymoregenerally.Otherhistorianshaveplacedagreateremphasis

onsuchfeaturesasliberty,individualism,andChristianity.”Landes的研究是

要確定歐洲文明中的哪些普遍性因素使歐洲得以強(qiáng)大,而其他學(xué)者所列

舉的是一些更具體的因素，潤(rùn)自由，個(gè)人主義以及基督教。

29．C根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話“Theparadigmaticbookofthisschoolis,

ofcourse,TheEndofHistoryandtheLastMan,inwhichFrancisFukuyama

arguesthatafterthecollapseoftheNazismandcommunisminthe20th

Century,theonlyremainingmodelforhumanorganizationintheindustrial

andcommunicationsagesisacombinationofmarketeconomicsandlimited,

pluralist,democraticgovernment.”說(shuō)明該學(xué)派的代表有FrancisFukuyama,

他認(rèn)為，在納粹主義和共產(chǎn)主義消亡后，人類組織模式將是西文的市場(chǎng)

經(jīng)濟(jì)和有限的，多元的和民主政府的組合。

30．A根據(jù)全文，作者多用Landesargues,believes,holds等引述結(jié)構(gòu)，

說(shuō)明作者只是客觀地陳述Landes的觀點(diǎn)。

Section2AnsweringQuestions(20’)

Questions31~33

Inthefollowingarticle,someparagraphshavebeenremoved.Forquestions

16-20,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA~Ftofitintoeach

ofthenumberedgaps.ThereisONEparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyof

thegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Grow-ups,asanychildwilltellyou,aremonstroushypocrites,especially

whenitcomestotelevision.Itistotaketheirmindsofftheirowntelly-

addictionthatadultsaresokeentohearandtalkaboutthelatestreportonthe

effectsofprogramsonchildren.Surelyallthatnonsensetheywatchmustbe

desensitizingthem,makingthemvicious,shallow,acquisitive,less

responsibleandgenerallysloppyaboutlifeanddeath.Butno,notascrapof

convincingevidencefromthesociologistsandexpertsinthepsychesof

children.

Formanyyearsnowparents,teachersandnewspapereditorshavebeen

disappointedbythevariousstudies,andsociologistsarebeginningtofailinto

disreputeforfailingtocomeattunedtothedesiredresults.Thelatestreport,

“PopularTVandSchoolchildren”,perhapsmoreattunedtotheauthoritarian

timesinwhichwelive,assumesgreatermoralleadershipandhandsout

laurelsandwoodenspoonstoTVshowsandasserts,aseducatorsshould,the

importanceofhavingvalues.

Thekids,ontheotherhand,willnotbeswitchingoffKennyEverettnow

theyhavebeentoldhowsexistandtrivialheis.(Asiftheydidn’tknow!)

Nor,Isuspect,willtheyhavebecomemoresexistandtrivialthemselvesfrom

watchinghim.

Thenationhaslivedwiththeboxformorethan30yearsnowandhaspassed

fromtotalinfatuation—revivedtemporarilybytheadventofcolor—tothe

presentcasualobsessionwhichisnotunlikethatofthewell-adjusted

alcoholic.Andnowtheimportantandpleasanttruthisbreaking,tothehorror

ofprogrammakersandtheirdetractorsalike,thattelevisionreallydoesnot

affectmuchatall.

Thisistoughonthosediligentprofessionalswhoproduceexcellentwork;but

since—aseveryoneagrees—awfulprogramsfaroutnumberthegood,itisa

relieftoknowtheformercannotdomuchharm.Televisioncannotevenmake

impressionablechildrenlesspleasant.

AndifTVimpartslittlebad,thereisnoreasontothinkitdoesmuchgood

either.Ithasfailedspectacularlytomakeourchildrenmorecallousand

violent,andithasfailedbywayof“Jackanory”or“BluePeter”toforgea

youngnationoforigamiadepts,ordoghandlersorbuildersoflawnmower

outofcoathangersandwirecorks.

Televisionturnsouttobenogreattransformerofmindsorsociety.Weare

not,enmasse(全體地),asitwasoncepredictedwewouldbe,fantastically

well-informedaboutothercultureorabouttheoriginsoflifeonearth.People

donotremembermuchfromtelevisiondocumentarybeyondhowgoodit

was.Onlythosewhoknowsomethingaboutthesubjectinthefirstplace

retaintheinformation.

Documentariesarenotwhatmostpeoplewanttowatchanyway.Television

isatitsmostpopularwhenitcelebratesitsownpresent.Itsidealsubjectsare

thosethatneednotberememberedandcanbeinstantlyreplaced,wherewhat

mattersmostishappeningnowandwhatisgoingtohappennext.Sport,

news,panelgames,copshows,long-runningsoapopera,situationcomedies

—theseoccupyusonlyforaslongastheyareon.

Howevergoodisorbaditis,anight’sviewingiswonderfullyforgettable.

It’salittlesleep,it’sentertainment;ourmoralsandforthatmatter,our

brutality,remainintact.Theboxisfurtherneutralizedbythesheerquantity

peoplewatch.Themoreofityousee,thelessanysinglebitofitmatter.Of

course,someprogramsareinfinitelybetterthanother.Therearegifted

peopleworkingintelevision.Butseenfromaremoterperspective—say,four

hoursanightviewingforthreemonths—thequalityofindividualprograms

meansasmuchasthequalityofeachcarintherush-hourtraffic.Forthe

heavyviewer,TVhasonlytwomeaningfulstates—onandoff.Whatarethe

kidsdoing?WatchingTV.Noneedtotalkwhat,theanswerissufficient.

Soon,I’llgoupthereandturnitoff.Likealightbulbitwillgooutandthe

childrenwilldosomethingelse.

Itappearsthenation’schildrenspendmoretimeinfrontoftheirTVsthanin

theclassroom.TheirheadsarefullofTV—butthat’sall,justTV.TheKojak

violencetheywitnessisTVviolence,sufficienttoitself.Itdosenotbrutalize

themtothepointwheretheycannotgrievethelossofapet,orbeshockedat

someminorplaygroundviolence.Children,likeeveryoneelse,knowthe

differencebetweenTVandlife.TVknowsitsplace.Itimpartsnothingbut

itself;ithasitsownrules,itsownlanguage,itsownpriorities.

Itisbecausethislittleglowing,chatteringscreenbarelyresembleslifeatall

thatitremainssousefullyineffectual.Tostareabrickwallwouldwastetime.

WhatevertheTV/videoindustrymightnowsay,televisionwillneverhave

theimpactoncivilizationthattheinventionofthewrittenwordhashad.The

book—hislittlehingedthing—ischeap,portable,virtuallyunbreakable,

endlesslyreusable,hasinstantreplayfacilitiesandinslowmotionifyou

wantit,needsnopowerlines,batteriesoraerials,workinpanesandtrain

tunnels,canbestoredindefinitelywithoutmuchdeterioration.

Questions:

31．Whatdidparentsandteachersthinkoftheeffectsofprogramson

children?Isthereanyprofoundevidence?

32．Whatdoesthephrase“benogreattransformerofmindsorsociety”

mean?

33．Whydoestheauthorsaythatthe“theboxisneutralizedbythequantity

peoplewatch”?

【答案與解析】

31．Theythoughtthatthoseeffectsarebad.Thereisnoprofoundevidence.

（根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話“Surelyallthatnonsensetheywatchmustbe

desensitizingthem,makingthemvicious,shallow,acquisitive,less

responsibleandgenerallysloppyaboutlifeanddeath.Butno,notascrapof

convincingevidencefromthesociologistsandexpertsinthepsychesof

children.”孩子們?cè)陔娨暽峡吹降臇|西一定會(huì)讓他們變得麻木，變得邪

惡，膚淺，貪婪，不負(fù)責(zé)任，對(duì)生與死持消極的態(tài)度。但是社會(huì)學(xué)家和

兒童心理學(xué)家卻沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)來(lái)證明這種說(shuō)法。）

32．TVcan’tchangeourmindsandthesocietybecausewehardlyremember

theinformationtheyprovide.

（根據(jù)第七段話“Wearenot,enmasse(全體地，一同地),asitwasonce

predictedwewouldbe,fantasticallywell-informedaboutothercultureor

abouttheoriginsoflifeonearth.Peopledonotremembermuchfrom

televisiondocumentarybeyondhowgooditwas.Onlythosewhoknow

somethingaboutthesubjectinthefirstplaceretaintheinformation.”我們跟

以前設(shè)想的人都不一樣，我們本以為電視可以讓我們了解到別的文化或

是地球的起源.但實(shí)際上人們記不住紀(jì)錄片的內(nèi)容，只記得紀(jì)錄片很好

這一點(diǎn)，只有那些本來(lái)就知道這些知識(shí)的人才能記住。）

33．TVmeansnothingoncepeopleturnoffit.

（根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第四句話“Themoreofityousee,thelessanysingle

bitofitmatter.”我們看電視得時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，電視中內(nèi)容的分量就會(huì)變

少。）

Questions34~35

Periodicallyinhistory,therecomeperiodsofgreattransitioninwhichwork

changesitsmeaning.Therewasatime,perhaps10,000yearsago,when

humanbeingsstoppedfeedingthemselvesbyhuntinggameandgathering

plants,andincreasinglyturnedtoagriculture.Inaway,thatrepresentedthe

inventionof“work”.

Then,inthelaterdecadesof18thcentury,astheIndustrialRevolutionbegan

inGreatBritain,therewasanothertransition.Inwhichthesymbolsofwork

werenolongerthehoeandtheplow;theyreplacedbythemillandthe

assemblyline.

Andnowwestandatthebrinkofachangethatwillbethegreatestofall,for

workinitsoldsensewilldisappearaltogether.Tomostpeople,workhas

alwaysbeenaneffortfulexercisingofmindorbody—compelledbythebitter

necessaryofearningthenecessitiesoflife—plusanoccasionalperiodof

leisureinwhichtorestorhavefun.

WiththeIndustrialRevolution,machinery—poweredfirstbysteam,thenby

electricityandinternalcombustionengines—tookoverthehardphysical

tasksandrelievedthestrainonhumanandanimalmuscles.

Thereremained,however,the“easier”labor—thelaborthatrequiredthe

humaneyes,ears,judgmentandmindbutnosweating.Itneverthelesshadits

miseries,forittendedtobedull,repetitions,andboring.Andthereisalways

thesoursenseofendlesslydoingsomethingunpleasantundercompulsion.

Andyet,suchjobshavebeencharacteristicofthehumanconditioninthe

firstthreequartersofthe20thcentury.Theymadetoolittledemandonthe

humanmindandspirittokeepthemfreshandalive,madetoomuchdemand

foranymachinetoservethepurpose—untilnow.

Theelectroniccomputer,inventedinthe1940’sandimproveatthe

breakneckspeed,wasamachinethat,forthefirsttime,seemedcompact

enough,versatileenoughand(mostimportantofall)cheapenoughtoserveas

thebrainsofaffordablemachinesthattheirplaceontheassemblylineandin

theoffice.

Thismeansthatthedull,theboring,therepetitious,themind-stultifyingwork

willbegintodisappearfromthejobmarket—isalreadybeginningto

disappear.This,ofcourse,willintroducetwovitalsetsofproblem—is

alreadyintroducingthem.

First,whatwillhappenedtothehumanbeingswhohavebeingworkingat

thesedisappearingjobs?

Second,whatwillhappentothehumanbeingsthatwilldothenewsthatwill

appear—jobsaredemanding,interestingandmind-exercising,butthat

requireahigh-techlevelofthoughtandeducation?

Clearlytherewillbeapainfulperiodoftransition,onethatisstartingalready,

andonethatwillbeinfullswingasthe21st