Unit+4+Everyday+economics+Using+Language+語法 高中英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit4Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)attributiveclauses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Thisisaplacewhererosesgrowwild.bThebiggestchallengeattheinitialphasewastopersuadepeopletoworkforme,whichwastotallyoutsidemyexperience.1

Whatdoes“where”refertoinsentence(a)?“Where”

insentence(a)refersto“aplace”.2

Whatdoes“which”refertoinsentence(b)?“Which”

insentence(b)refersto“topersuadepeopletoworkforme”.3

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithessentialinformationaboutthesubject?4

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithextrainformationaboutthesubject?Sentence(a).Sentence(b).Nowlookformoresentenceswithattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage.Shecouldn’t,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownherforehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmorebyfearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.Zhangthereforedecidedtoreturntoherhometownandgrowroses,whichsurprisedmanypeople.Assomeonewhogrowupinthecountry,Zhangalreadyknewaboutgrowingplants.However,likeanyentrepreneurwhowasjuststartingout,shestillhadalottolearn.Seeingherpeerswhoalsodreamofsuccessandindependence,Zhanghasmixedfeelings.Foryoungpeoplewhohavelittlelifeexperience,thatcanbeachallenge.【語法講解】(1)在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞等的從句叫定語從句。(2)在復(fù)合句中，被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞等，叫做先行詞。先行詞一般出現(xiàn)在定語從句之前。有時(shí)先行詞是整個(gè)句子。e.g.Theysentmychildtotheschooleverymorning,whichIconsideredagreathelptome.(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞。定語從句分類關(guān)系詞指代對(duì)象在從句中的作用關(guān)系代詞who指人作主語、賓語、表語whom指人作賓語whose指人或物作定語that指人或物作主語、表語或賓語which指物作主語、賓語、表語、定語as指人或物作主語、賓語、表語關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間作時(shí)間狀語where指地點(diǎn)作地點(diǎn)狀語why指原因作原因狀語定語從句中的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的作用引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分，因此在定語從句中不能再重復(fù)先行詞或指先行詞的代詞。注意定語從句的分類限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)分開;可用關(guān)系詞that引導(dǎo);可以省略關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系詞作賓語時(shí)）作賓語時(shí)，可用who或that替代whom只可修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分翻譯成“……的”和先行詞的關(guān)系不密切（是補(bǔ)充說明），一般使用逗號(hào)分開不可用關(guān)系詞that來引導(dǎo)關(guān)系詞作賓語不可省略不可用who替代whom修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分往往不譯為“……的”e.g.Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.（限制性）進(jìn)行鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。（定語從句修飾people，若把從句去掉，句子就失去意義）e.g.Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghere.

(非限制性)他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，她就要來這兒了。（若把從句去掉句子完整）that引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句起引導(dǎo)作用；指代先行詞（人或物），有意義；在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。e.g.IshowedhimthenicecarthatIrentedyesterday.我向他展示了我昨天租的那輛不錯(cuò)的車。起引導(dǎo)作用；沒有意義；在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分e.g.It’ssaidthatherentedanicecaryesterday.據(jù)說他昨天租了一輛不錯(cuò)的車。when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句與它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句、名詞性從句在表意和功能上的區(qū)別。e.g.IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYorkin2014,

whentheirfirstchildwasborn.我在2014年拜訪了住在紐約的Smith夫婦，那年他們的第一個(gè)孩子出生了。該句中，when引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代in2014，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。e.g.IvisitedMrandMrsSmithinNewYorkwhentheirfirstchildwasborn.在Smith夫婦第一個(gè)孩子出生那年，我在紐約拜訪了他們。該句中，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，整個(gè)從句充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。注意e.g.InthemuseumIsawanoldbook

thatwaspublishedinthe17thcentury.

注意定語從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)在表意和功能上的異同，以及兩者之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。=

InthemuseumIsawanoldbookpublishedinthe17thcentury.

我在博物館里看見了一本17世紀(jì)出版的舊書。（定語從句修飾先行詞book）非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞book，兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系1.Heistheconsultant,__________yourcompanyislookingfor.2.Theyliveinahouse______________

windowsfacesouth.3.________wasoftenthecase,themanforgottobringhiskeyswithhim.4.Henryisnotsuchanintelligentpupil__________wethink.5.TheyoungtouristswenttoQingdao,___________theyeverswaminthesea.

whom

whose

As

aswhere【牛刀小試】2Readthepassageandrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingattributiveclauses.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries.

Itworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.GoodDealproductsmaybealittlemoreexpensivethanregularproducts,butuptoone-thirdofthesalepricewillbegivenbacktotheproducers.Thisismorethantheycouldgetundertheconventionaltradingsystem.

Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeople,andtheywanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople’swelfare.

However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.1.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries(,)whichworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.2.Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeoplewhowanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.3.However,somepeoplewhoarelessoptimisticarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducerswhoarenotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.Answers:3

ReadtheprofileandwriteanintroductiontoaGoodDealproductusingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.Price:$25perkgOrigin:grownontheGreenEquatorEstateSpecialfeatures:?100%organic?superior,smoothblend,withmildflavour?lessthanonecaloriepercupGoodDealguarantee:one-thirdofthesalepricereturnedtolocalproducersGreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsat...Sample:GreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsatthepriceof$25perkg.ItisgrownontheGreenEqua