大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試備考練習(xí)1

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試備考練習(xí)1PartI

Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"NoSmokinginPublicPlaces".Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.

有人在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙;

2.

在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙的危害;

3.

如何杜絕這一現(xiàn)象。

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage.NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WhatIsCultureShock?

Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientation(迷惘)thatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations.Manythingscontributetoit—smells,sounds,flavorsandtheveryfeelingoftheaironeisbreathing.Thesymptomsofcultureshockcanappearatdifferenttimes.Althoughonecanexperiencerealpainfromcultureshock,itisalsoanopportunityofredefiningone’slifeobjectives.Itisagreatopportunityoflearningandacquiringnewperspectives.Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity.

Symptoms:

Sadness,loneliness,melancholy(憂郁)PreoccupationwithhealthAches,painsandallergies(過(guò)敏)Insomnia,desiretosleeptoomuchortoolittleChangesintemperament,depression,feelingvulnerable,feelingpowerlessAnger,irritability,resentment,unwillingnesstointeractwithothersIdentifyingwiththeoldcultureoridealizingtheoldcountry

LossofIdentity:

TryingtoohardtoabsorbeverythinginthenewcultureorcountryInabilitytosolvesimpleproblemsLackofconfidenceFeelingsofinadequacyorinsecurityDevelopingstereotypesaboutthenewcultureDevelopingobsessionssuchasover-cleanlinessLongingforfamily

Feelingsofbeinglost,overlooked,exploitedorabused

StagesofCultureShock

Cultureshockhasmanystages.Eachstagecanbeongoingorappearonlyatcertaintimes.Thefirststageistheincubationstage.Inthisfirststage,thenewarrivalmayfeeleuphoricandbepleasedbyallofthenewthingsencountered.Thistimeiscalledthe"honeymoon"stage,aseverythingencounteredisnewandexciting.Afterwards,thesecondstagepresentsitself.Apersonmayencountersomedifficulttimesandcrisesindailylife.Forexample,communicationdifficultiesmayoccur,suchasnotbeingunderstood.Inthisstage,theremaybefeelingsofdiscontent,impatience,anger,sadness,andfeelingincompetence.Thishappenswhenapersonistryingtoadapttoanewculturethatisverydifferentfromthecultureoforigin.Transitionbetweentheoldmethodsandthoseofthenewcountryisadifficultprocessandtakestimetocomplete.Duringthetransition,therecanbestrongfeelingsofdissatisfaction.Thethirdstageischaracterizedbygainingsomeunder-standingofthenewculture.Anewfeelingofpleasureandsenseofhumormaybeexperienced.Onemaystarttofeelacertainpsychologicalbalance.Thenewarrivalmaynotfeelaslostandstartstohaveafeelingofdirection.Theindividualismorefamiliarwiththeenvironmentandwantstobelongtoit.Thisinitiatesanevaluationoftheoldwaysversusthoseofthenew.Inthefourthstage,thepersonrealizesthatthenewculturehasgoodandbadthingstooffer.Thisstagecanbeoneofdoubleintegration(整合)ortripleintegrationdependingonthenumberofculturesthatthepersonhastoprocess.Thisintegrationisaccompaniedbyamoresolidfeelingofbelonging.Thepersonstartstodefinehimself/herselfandestablishgoalsforliving.Thefifthstageisthestagethatiscalled"reentryshock".Thisoccurswhenareturntothecountryoforiginismade.Onemayfindthatthingsarenolongerthesame.Forexample,someofthenewlyacquiredcustomsarenotinuseintheoldculture.Thesestagesarepresentatdifferenttimesandeachpersonhashis/herownwayofreactinginthestagesofcultureshock.Asaconsequence,somestageswillbelongerandmoredifficultthanothers.Manyfactorscontributetothedurationandeffectofcultureshock.Thefactorsaretheindividual’sstateofmentalhealth,typeofpersonality,previousexperiences,socio-economicconditions,familiaritywiththelanguage,familyand/orsocialsupportsystemsandlevelofeducation.

HowtoFightCultureShock

Themajorityofemigrantindividualsandfamilieshavetheabilitytopositivelyconfronttheobstaclesofanewenvironment.Somewaystocombatstressproducedbycultureshockare:23.Theword"submissive"inthelastsentenceofParagraph2means____________.A)

obedientB)

givingC)

feminineD)

masculine

24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?A)

TheMundugumoristhesocietyinwhichmenandwomenaresensitivetoeachothers’feelingsandexpressemotionsB)TheTchambuliisthesocietyinwhichthemenareemotionalandsubmissivetothewomen,andthewomenaredominantandaggressiveC)MargaretMead’sconclusionisbasedonthefindingsfromthethreesocietiesinNewGuineaD)genderbehaviorresultsfromcultureratherthanbiology

25.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis______.A)todescribethethreedifferentsocietiesinNewGuineaB)tointroduceMargaretMead’shypothesisongenderbehaviorC)

toargueagainsttheopinionthatgenderbehavioristheeffectpurelyofbiologyD)

todemonstratethatgenderbehaviorshouldbethesameinallcultures

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Hemp(大麻)hasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,foodandrope.Formanycenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworldwidetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsaresuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp(紙漿).Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oils,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis(大麻制品),relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuana(大麻毒品)isproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlargequantitiesontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywouldsoonfindhimself/herselfinprison—despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievethatALLcannabisshouldbelegal—boththehempplantandthemarijuanaplant—andthattheuseofthedrugmarijuanashouldnotbeanoffense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumphrecently:in1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempforfiber.Forthefirsttimesince1938,hundredsoffarmersareplantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnewsource.

26.Whywasthehempplantessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?A)Becauseships’ropesweremadefromit.B)BecausehempwasaveryprofitableexportC)Becausehempwasusedasfuelforships.D)Becausehempwasusedasfoodforsailors.

27.Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaperproductionthantrees?A)

Becauseitischeapertogrowhempthantocutdowntrees.B)

Becausemorepapercanbeproducedfromthesameareaofland.C)

Becausehempproduceshigherqualitypaper.D)

Becausehempcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.

28.Whywashempbanned?A)

Becauseitwasrelatedtothemarijuanaplant.B)

Becauseitwasillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.C)

Becauseitwasnolongerausefulcrop.D)Becauseitwasdestructivetotheland.

29.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)Fiberisapowerfulchemicalingredientofthecannabisplants.B)Someactivistsbelievethatbothmarijuanaandhempshouldbelegal.C)Canadahasjustlegalizedmarijuana.D)

HempwasillegalinGeorgeWashington’sandThomasJefferson’stime.

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Hempwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountries.B)Hempisillegalinmanycountries.C)Hempplantsarebeinglegalized.D)Alloftheabove.

PartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.

WhatdoesDyslexia(誦讀困難癥)havetodowithfoodornutrition?Atthe56thAnnualConferenceoftheInternationalDyslexiaAssociationinDenver,Dr.SusanKoger,aprofessorfromWillametteUniversityinOregon,presenteda(n)31paperontherisksofenvironmentaltoxins(毒素)fordevelopinglearningdifferences,32dyslexia.Dr.Kogeremphasizedthathumansare33duringtheirlifetimetopotentialexposure3475,000ormoresyntheticchemicals.Morethan98percentoffamiliesand80percentofpregnantwomenare35tothesepotentialchemicaltoxins.Themetabolites(代謝產(chǎn)物)orbreakdown36ofthesechemicalscanbeidentifiedintheurine(尿)of82percentofadultsand92percentofchildren.Dr.Kogerpostulatedthatbasicallyeveryhumanontheplanethasdetectableamountsofoneormoreofthesetoxinsintheirsystem37onetimeoranother.

Itisourfoodsupplythatisofparticular38,becausethesebio-toxinsbecomeconcentratedastheymaketheirwayupthefoodchain.Forinstance,891pesticideshavebeen39andusedsince1941.Ofthese,523havebeenused40onourfoodoronfeedstoredforanimals.Ofthosethatareusedinourfoodsupply,140are41neuro-toxic(毒害神經(jīng)的)andcaninjurethebrain.42,theyweredesignedtokillinsectsandrodents.Only12ofthese140neurotoxinshavebeen43forpotentialharmtothebrain.Notestforpotentialbraininjuryfromthesechemicalsis44beforetheyarereleased45use.TheconcernthatDr.Koger’sresearch46,byextrapolation(推斷),isthatperhapstheolderteachersmay47parthavebeenright,thatthefrequencyofdyslexiainthestudentpopulationwasindeedonceonlytwoorthreeper-cent.Thefrequencynow48,whichisrealat17to25percent,maybeareflectionoftheincreasedpotentialfordamagetothedevelopingbrainofthefetusornewborninfantortoddler,perhaps49extendingintothefirstfewyearsoflife,50bythetoxicchemicalswehaveputintoourenvironment.Thatisafrighteningconsideration.

31.A)enlightenedB)enlightenC)enlighteningD)lightning32.A)includingB)includeC)includedD)includes33.A)boreB)enduredC)sufferedD)subjected34.A)toB)atC)inD)with35.A)exploredB)importedC)exposedD)exported36.A)productsB)produceC)productionD)providing

37.A)inB)withC)atD)on38.A)concernB)concerningC)concernedD)concerns39.A)devastatedB)developedC)deviledD)deduce

40.A)straightlyB)indirectlyC)increasinglyD)directly

41.A)inclusivelyB)mainlyC)specificallyD)mostly42.A)AfterallB)MoreoverC)FurthermoreD)Beside

43.A)testedB)madeC)improvedD)developed44.A)askedB)requiredC)rehearsedD)released

45.A)toB)forC)inD)with

46.A)putsB)risesC)raisesD)lifts47.A)atB)onC)inD)by

48.A)seesB)seenC)sawD)seeing49.A)sinceB)evenC)yetD)still50.A)reducedB)deducedC)movedD)induced

PartVTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.51.Thereservoiris_________(面積是10年前的3倍).52.___________________(由于天氣原因),ourairlineflighthasbeendelayedforoveranhour.53._________________(毫無(wú)疑問)thatwarcanbeavoidedifwegetdowntopeacetalk.54.Weshouldfocusontheimprovementofourselves,_______(而不是)pursuingmoneyforluxuriousliving.55.___________(就我看來(lái)),fashionbelongstowomen.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試備考練習(xí)（參考答案）1.

PartIWriting

Onepossibleversion:

NoSmokinginPublicPlaces

Somesmokersstillbreatheoutcigarettesmokeinpublicplaces,althoughitisnotallowedintheseareas.Afewofthemevenregardsmokingastheirownfreedomandright.

Ithasbeenconfirmedbymanyinternationalmedicalresearchinstitutesthatsmokingisdangerous.Foronething,smokingcanhaveharmfuleffectsonhumans’health.Smokinghasbeenlinkedtoanendlesslistofserioushealthproblemssuchaslungcancer,heartdiseaseandsoon.Foranother,bysmokinginpublicplacesthesmokerisforcingeveryoneinthevicinitytosmoketoo.Foryears,alotofnon-smokershavehadtoenduretheunpleasantexperienceofinhalingstalecigarettesmoke,especiallythosewhoworkinpublicplaces,suchasbarsorrestaurants.

Severalmeasuresshouldbeadoptedtostopsmokinginpublicplaces.First,lawsshouldbemadeindetailandthosewhobreakthelawsshouldbeseverelypunished;second,societyshouldcreateanatmospherewherenosmokingisthesocialnorm.Forthistobesuccessful,overwhelmingpublicsupportisnecessary.PartIIReadingComprehension

(SkimmingandScanning)1.Y。參見第一部分第二段中"Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity."可知,文化沖擊可以讓人們可以更好地了解自我,激發(fā)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力。2.Y。參見第一部分第一段中"Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientationthatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations."可知,在遇到大量全新而陌生的人或事的情況下,人們會(huì)因文化沖擊而產(chǎn)生迷惘和困惑的感覺。3.N。參見第二部分第一段中"Inthisfirststage,thenewarrival...aseverythingencounteredisnewandexciting."可知,在第一個(gè)階段里,人們會(huì)對(duì)全新的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生欣喜、興奮的感覺。4.Y。參見第二部分第三段可知,在第三階段里,人們會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)新文化的了解而擁有方向感,并再次產(chǎn)生欣喜的感覺。5.NG。文中并未提到只有年輕人可以避免受到文化沖擊。6.Y。參見第二部分第五段中"Thisoccurswhenareturntothecountryoforiginismade.Onemayfindthatthingsarenolongerthesame.Forexample,someofthenewlyacquiredcustomsarenotinuseintheoldculture."可知,在這個(gè)階段里,人們會(huì)因難以適應(yīng)原文化環(huán)境而再次感到文化沖擊。7.N。參見第三部分第一段中"Themajorityofemigrantindividualsandfamilieshavetheabilitytopositivelyconfronttheobstaclesofanewenvironment."可知,大多數(shù)移民個(gè)人或移民家庭都能積極地適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。

8.haveafeelingofdirection。參見第二部分第三段中"Thenewarrivalmaynotfeelaslostandstartstohaveafeelingofdirection."。9.contributeto。參見第一部分第一段中"Manythingscontributetoit－smells,sounds,flavorsandtheveryfeelingoftheaironeisbreathing."。10.Payattentionto。參見第三部分中"Payattentiontorelationshipswithyourfamilyandyourcolleagues.Theywillserveassupportforyouindifficulttimes."。PartIIIReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA11.C)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。全句大意為:由相關(guān)人士提供的幾條巧妙策略可以助你旅途暢通。故選C)offered。12.J)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。句意參見上題解析。故選J)smooth。13.E)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。全句大意為:你可以上網(wǎng)搜索包辦航班,或選擇淡季出行,這樣可以買到便宜票。故選E)fare,意為"飛機(jī)票價(jià),車費(fèi)"。

14.H)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。全句大意為:你最好備有其他航空公司的航班信息,以防遇到機(jī)票買不到的情況。15.B)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。全句大意為:一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有空位,馬上訂下來(lái)。故選B)reserve,意為"預(yù)訂,預(yù)約"。16.I)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。全句大意為:你可以選擇早上的航班,以免遇到航班被延誤或取消的情況。故選I)avoid。17.K)。此處需要一個(gè)介詞。全句大意為:一天當(dāng)中不可預(yù)知的麻煩事情會(huì)越來(lái)越多,所以趕航班趁早,以免延誤。18.D)。此處需要一個(gè)代詞。全句大意為:有什么辦法可以保證行李同你一塊抵達(dá)目的地呢？19.L)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。全句大意為:要確定行李標(biāo)簽上寫的地方與你要去的地方相符。故選L)match,意為"與……相符或相一致"。20.A)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。全句大意為:出行的夫婦可以分裝各自的物品,這樣可以防止所有的衣物都不翼而飛。故選A)spouse,意為"配偶"。SectionBPassageOne21.A)。通讀全文可知,第一段講MargaretMead的設(shè)想:假設(shè)男性和女性的行為僅僅只是由生物學(xué)意義上的不同導(dǎo)致的,那么不同文化中的兩性行為應(yīng)該是一致的。反過(guò)來(lái)推理,如果不同文化下的兩性行為不相同,則說(shuō)明性別行為差異更依賴于文化特征而不是生物特征。在第二段中,MargaretMead通過(guò)對(duì)3個(gè)部落的研究,來(lái)證明這種設(shè)想。第三段論證結(jié)果。故選A)。22.C)。參見第二段中"Shefoundthatbothmenandwomenexhibitedcharacteristicsthataretraditionallyconsideredfeminine:theyweresensitivetoeachothers’feelingsandex-pressedemotions."可知,阿拉佩什人男女的行為相似,他們都很感性,善于表達(dá)感情。故選C)。23.A)。參見第二段中"Meadfoundthatmalesandfemales...andthewomenweredominantandaggressive."可知,德昌布利人男女的行為相反:男人性格溫順,多愁善感；女人則性格強(qiáng)勢(shì),爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好斗。運(yùn)用排除法。故選A)obedient,意為"服從的"。24.A)。參見第二段中"Inthissecondsociety,bothmenandwomenexhibitedcharacteristicsthataretraditionallyconsideredmale:theywereharshandaggressive."可知,蒙杜古馬人部落的男人和女人都表現(xiàn)粗野,具攻擊性。故A)中的說(shuō)法有誤。25.B)?？v觀全文:第一段闡述MargaretMead的設(shè)想；第二段講述她對(duì)3個(gè)部落的觀察和研究；最后一段則是結(jié)論。本文主旨大意是介紹MargaretMead的設(shè)想和研究。故選B)。PassageTwo26.A)。參見第一段中"...,itwasessentialtotheeconomies...wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp."可知,大麻曾被用來(lái)制成航船上的繩索和船纜?？梢哉f(shuō),如果沒有大麻,殖民擴(kuò)張和全球貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)不可能建立。故選A)。27.B)。參見第一段中"...,butscientistsaresuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accord