大學(xué)英語綜合版學(xué)生用書第八單元unit-8

PAGEPAGE5Unit8ProtectingOurEnvironmentGlobalReadingⅠ.PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~2AtownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifelivedinharmonywithitssurroundings.23~6Thedescriptionofthesametownwhichwasnowstrickenwithallkindsofmaladies.37~8Thecauseofthemaladies.49~10Thoughimagined,thetragedymaywellbecomearealityandtheauthortellsaboutherpurposeinwritingthebook.DetailedReadingⅠ.DifficultSentences(Para.1)Inautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolourthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackdropofpines.1.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Inautumn,theleavesofoaks,maplesandbirchesturnedbrightredagainstabackgroundofgreenpines.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=秋季到來時，橡樹、楓樹和白樺樹五彩繽紛，在大片松林的襯托下如同一片火海，熠熠生輝。)(Para.2)Thecountrysidewas,infact,famousfortheabundanceandvarietyofitsbirdlife,andwhenthefloodofmigrantswaspouringthroughinspringandautumnpeopletravelledfromgreatdistancestoobservethem.1.Understandthelongsentence.(=Thisisacompoundsentenceconnectedwiththetransitionalword“and”.Inthesecondmainclause,asub-clauseoftime“whenthefloodof…”isused.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=事實上，這里的鄉(xiāng)村鳥類品種豐富，數(shù)量可觀，因此遠(yuǎn)近聞名。每當(dāng)大批候鳥在春秋之際蜂擁而至，許多人遠(yuǎn)道趕來觀看。)(Para.2)Soithadbeenfromthedaysmanyyearsagowhenthefirstsettlersraisedtheirhouses,sanktheirwellsandbuilttheirbarns.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“ithadbeenfromthedaysmanyyearsagowhen…”?(=Shemeansthatthelandhadbeenknownforabundanceandbio-diversityforalongtime.)4.(Para.2)Thenastrangeblightcreptovertheareaandeverythingbegantochange.Someevilspellhadsettledonthecommunity:mysteriousmaladiesswepttheflocksofchickens;thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=后來，一種奇怪的疫病在這個地區(qū)悄悄蔓延開來，一切不再依舊。這個社區(qū)中了一種什么邪，一群群雞很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊紛紛病死。)5.(Para.6)Theroadsides,oncesoattractive,werenowlinedwithbrownedandwitheredvegetationasthoughsweptbyfire.1.What’sthefunctionof“asthough”?(=Heretheauthorusedafigureofspeech,similetomakeherexpressionmorevividandclear.)2.What’sherpurposebysayingso?(=Shefocusesonthesevereconsequencecausedbythepollution.)6.(Para.9)Thistowndoesnotactuallyexist,butitmighteasilyhaveathousandcounterpartsinAmericaorelsewhereintheworld.1.Whydoestheauthorwanttosaybyusing“itmight…?(=“might”isusedheretoexpressapossibilitythatitmayhappenormaybetrue—suchthingsdidhavehappenedinAmericaorelsewhereintheworld.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=這座小鎮(zhèn)在現(xiàn)實世界中并不存在，但是在美國和世界的其他地方，很可能會輕而易舉地有數(shù)千個遭遇到與其類似命運(yùn)的小鎮(zhèn)出現(xiàn)。)7. (Para.10)WhathasalreadysilencedthevoicesofspringincountlesstownsinAmerica?

1.Whatshouldspringbelike?Whatdoes“silencedthevoicesofspring”mean?(=Springshouldbethrobbingwithlife,fullofbirdsong.“Silencedthevoicesofspring”meansthespringhasalreadybeenmadelifeless.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=是什么東西使無數(shù)美國小鎮(zhèn)的春天鴉雀無聲？)Ⅱ.WordsandExpressions1.(Para.1)inharmonywith:agreewithanotheridea,feelingetc.,orlookgoodwithotherthings*Yoursuggestionsarenotinharmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.我們的行為應(yīng)該與話語相一致。(=Ouractionsshouldbeinharmonywithourwords.)Collocation:beinharmonywith 與…協(xié)調(diào)一致beoutofharmonywith 與…不協(xié)調(diào)一致liveinharmony 和睦相處2.(Para.1)inthemidstof:amongorwith;while(sth.)ishappening*Thegovernmentisinthemidstofamajorcrisis.他在暴雨中離開了公寓。(=Helefthisflatinthemidstofarainstorm.)12.(Para.4)scoresof:alargenumberof*Scoresofreportersgatheredoutsidethecourthouse.那里有好多人,也許有80個或者更多。(=Therearescoresofpeoplethere,maybeeightyormore.)13.(Para.5)belinedwith:haverowsofsth.alongthesidesThestreetwaslinedwithsmallshops.(=Theroadislinedwithpeoplewavingflags.)Collocation:abovetheline （財政）日常支出的belowtheline （財政）資本支出的bringsomeone/thingintoline 使符合，使一致comeintoline 一致14.(Para.9)misfortune:n.badluck*Theprojectwasdoggedbymisfortune.她不幸摔斷了腿。(=Shehadthemisfortunetobreakherleg.)CF:misfortune,disaster&calamity這三個名詞均表示“災(zāi)難”或“不幸”之意。misfortune普通用詞，多批較為嚴(yán)重的不幸，強(qiáng)調(diào)不幸多由外界因素所致。disaster普通用詞，指大破壞、痛苦或傷亡。calamity多指個人的不幸，比disaster嚴(yán)重，強(qiáng)調(diào)災(zāi)難引起的悲痛以及對于損失的感覺。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Natural_____suchasfloodsandearthquakesarecommonoccurrencesinCalifornia.(=disasters)2.Itwillbea______forfarmersifthecropsfailedagain.(=calamity)3.Her____worsenedthisyear,whenhercompanyeliminatedherpositionandshelostherjob.(=misfortunes)4.Theirexpeditionnearlyendedin____,whenoneoftheclimbersslidoffthemountain.(=disaster)5.______nevercomesingle.(=Misfortunes)Ⅰ.UsefulExpressions1.在…的腹地 intheheartof…2.與…和諧相處 liveinharmonywith3.富足的農(nóng)場 prosperousfarm4.默默地穿越 silentlycross5.在…中 inthemistsof6.令…人目不暇接 delightsb’seye7.以…為食 feedon8.蜂擁而至 pourthrough9.悄悄蔓延 creepover10.死亡的陰影 ashadowofdeath11.對…迷惑不解 bepuzzledby12.莫名其妙突然死去 suddenandunexplaineddeaths13.出奇地安靜 astrangestillness14.許許多多 scoresof15.開花 comeintobloom16.幾處斑痕 afewpatches17.遭遇災(zāi)難的世界 thestrickenworld18.經(jīng)歷…的不幸 experiencethemisfortune19.多個 asubstantialnumberof20.想像的悲劇 imaginedtragedy21.嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實 starkreality22.使…鴉雀無聲 silencethevoicesofⅤ.WritingPracticeHowtowriteapersuasiveessayAbriefintroductionThepurposeofpersuasivewritingistostateanopinionwhichyouaregoingtodefendandtooffersupportingevidenceinordertoconvincethereadertoacceptyourpointofview.Threestepsyoushouldtaketoproduceagoodpersuasiveessay.Step1:Writeyourthesisclearlyatthebeginningoftheessay.Thethesisisyourstatementofpurposeanditwillservetoguideyouinwritingtheentirepaper.Forthesakeofunity,ashortessayneedsonlyonethesis.Step2:Givefacts,examples,statisticsortheopinionsofreliableauthoritiestosupportyourthesis.Step3:Bytyingtogetherwhathasbeendiscussed,concludeyouressaywitharestatementofthethesisoraforcefulsentencethathelpstodriveyourthesishome.AsamplePollutionisharmfultohumanbeings.Pollutedwatercausesmanykindsofdiseasessuchasdiarrhea,enteritis,etc.Andsometimesthesediseaseseventakeman’slife.Dirtyairorair-bonegarbagecausesstingingeyesandrunningnose.Nowadayspollutionproblemshavenotbeencompletelysolved.Pesticidesarewidelyusedalmosteverywhere.Theypollutesoil,waterandfood.Theyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Somefactoriesarestilldirty.Quiteafewchimneysarestillpouringsmokeintoairandnoisepollutionremainsserious.Measuresshouldbetakentocontrolpollution.Legislativestepsshouldbeintroducedandpollutantsshouldbetrappedbeforetheyarepouredoutofchimney.HomeworkDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicEnvironmentalProtection.Youmustbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese).Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Remembertowriteitclearly.目前環(huán)保中還存在許多問題為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，政府做了大量的工作應(yīng)采取有效措施保護(hù)環(huán)境Ⅵ.SentenceTranslation1.Someevilspellhadsettledonthecommunity:mysteriousmaladiesswepttheflocksofchickens;thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied.(=這個社區(qū)中了一種什么邪，一群群雞很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊紛紛病死。)2.Thecountrysidewas,infact,famousfortheabundanceandvarietyofitsbirdlife,andwhenthefloodofmigrantswaspouringthroughinspringandautumnpeopletravelledfromgreatdistancestoobservethem.(=事實上，這里的鄉(xiāng)村鳥類品種豐富，數(shù)量可觀，因此遠(yuǎn)近聞名。每當(dāng)大批候鳥在春秋之際蜂擁而至，許多人遠(yuǎn)道趕來觀看。)3.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofrobins,catbirds,doves,jays,wrens,andscoresofotherbirdvoicestherewasnownosound.(=過去的黎明生機(jī)勃勃，知更鳥、北美貓鳥、鴿子、松鴉、鷦鷯和許許多多其他鳥類一起組成黎明大合唱，而現(xiàn)在卻是鴉雀無聲。)4.曾經(jīng)是引人駐足的路邊，現(xiàn)在卻只有褐色的枯草朽木，好像被大火燒了似的。(=Theroadsides,oncesoattractive,werenowlinedwithbrownedandwitheredvegetationasthoughsweptbyfire.)5.在這個遭遇災(zāi)難的世界里，扼殺新生命的不是巫術(shù)，也不是敵人的進(jìn)攻。而是人們自己的所作所為。(=Nowitchcraft,noenemyactionhadsilencedtherebirthofnewlifeinthisstrickenworld.Thepeoplehaddoneitthemselves.)6.在很大程度上，地球上動植物的外表形態(tài)和習(xí)慣是環(huán)境塑造的。(=Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.)7.如今變化的快捷，以及產(chǎn)生新情況的速度，跟隨的是人類魯莽的步伐而不是大自然的從容節(jié)奏。(=Therapidityofchangeandthespeedwithwhichnewsituationsarecreatedfollowtherashandheedlesspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.)SupplementaryReadingⅡ.LanguageStudy1.(Para.1)Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth'svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=在很大程度上，地球上動植物的外表形態(tài)和習(xí)慣是環(huán)境塑造的。)2.(Para.1)Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect…h(huán)asbeenrelativelyslight.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Whenyousurveythelonghistoryoftheworlditisraretofindanimalsandplantsalteringtheirenvironmentratherthanbeingalteredbyit.)3.(Para.1)Onlywithinthemomentoftimerepresentedbythepresentcenturyhasonespecies—man—acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=只是在本世紀(jì)為代表的一瞬間，一個物種——人——才取得了改變其所處世界的性質(zhì)的舉足輕重的力量。)4.(Para.2)forthemostpart:inmostcases,generally*TheNewDealwas,forthemostpart,phenomenallysuccessful,buttherearemanywaysitcouldhavegonefurtherorbeenbetterorganized.大多數(shù)旅客是返鄉(xiāng)過春節(jié)的打工者。(=ThetravelersareforthemostpartmigrantworkersreturningtotheirhometownsfortheSpringFestival.)5.(Para.2)takeup:assume;occupy*Manycelebritieshavetakenupworkingforg