Unit+5+Learning+from+nature+Reading課件【知識(shí)精講精研】高二英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit5Period4Reading新課導(dǎo)入1ReadtheshortintroductionstoTaoYuanmingandHenryDavidThoreauandsharewhatelseyouknowaboutthemwiththeclass.BornintoapooraristocraticfamilyintheEasternJinDynasty,TaoYuanming(365-427)wasoneofChina’sgreatestpoets

andanotedrecluse.Amasterofthefive-wordline,Taohasbeendescribedasthefirstgreat“poetoffieldsandgardens”.HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)wasanAmericanessayist,poet,andphilosopher.Hebeganwritingnaturepoetryinhisearlytwenties,withpoetRalphWaldo

Emersonasamentorandfriend.In1845,hebeganhisfamoustwo-yearstayatWaldenPond,whichhewroteaboutinhismasterwork,Walden.課堂學(xué)習(xí)2ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatTaoandThoreaulearntfromnature.BacktoNature1TaoYuanmingandHenryDavidThoreauwerebothpoets,butonelivedinAncientChinaandtheotherin19thcenturyAmerica.Superficially,thesetwomen,whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years,werepolaropposites.Andyettheysharedanintenserespectfornature,whichmadethemeachaninfluentialfigureoftheirtime.2Bothmenmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.AsanofficialintheEasternJinDynasty,Taofeltconflictedoverlifeatcourt.In405,hequittheserviceofthecourtforgood,expressinghisunhappinessinthenowfamouslinethathewouldnot“bowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain”.Hespentthenext22yearsuntilhisdeath,workingthelandinapoor,ruralarea.Fromhispoetry,wecanlearnthatalthoughhislifewasarduous,hesucceededinfindingcontentmentinitssimplicityandindrawingpleasurefromnature.3WhileTao'sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto,Thoreau'swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.Hehadadecentqualityoflife,buthewantedtoliveinasimplerway.Fortwoyears,twomonthsandtwodays,helivedinacottageintheforestontheedgeofWaldenPond,focusingonhimselfandhiswriting.HeexplainedhisreasonfordoingsoinWalden:“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.”Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirlives.4AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.Tao'snatureisaplaceoffieldsandvillages,inotherwords,rural,andhisanimalsaredomesticones,suchaschickensanddogs.Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife:Beyondthedarkanddistanceliesavillage,Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane,Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.5Thoreau'sdescriptionsofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.Devotinghimselftoobservationsofthenaturalphenomena,herecordedhisdetailedfindingsinhisjournals.Thoreau'swritingaimedtoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.Weshouldlivewiththeminharmonyandenjoynature'sgifts,ashedescribesinhisjournals:Liveineachseasonasitpasses;breathetheair,drinkthedrink,tastethefruit,andresignyourselftotheinfluencesofeach.Letthembeyouronlydiet,drinkandbotanicalmedicines.6Ittakesconsiderablecouragetorejecttheeasyandfamiliarandinsteadtrytoliveclosertonature,asbothTaoandThoreaudid.Theirchoicesledthemtoquietandreflectiveliveswithfewermaterialdesires.Intoday'smodernworld,theirideasaboutlivingsimplyandbeingateasewithnaturemaytakeusastepclosertoattainingpersonalwell-beingandfulfilment.ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatTaoandThoreaulearntfromnature.Bothofthemgotinspirationfromnaturefortheirliteraryworks.Bothofthemlivedsimplyinnaturewithfewmaterialdesires,whichhelpedthemtoattaintheirpersonalfulfilment.Readthepassageanddivideditintoparts,thensummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Paragraph1Bothmenmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.Thetwomen’sinfluencetopeopletodayTaoYuanmingandThoreausharedanintenserespectfornature.Paragraphs2~3Paragraphs4~5Paragraph6LearningtolearnAcomparativeessaycompares,contrastsandevaluatestwoormoretopics.Theremustbeenoughsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetopicssothattheycanbediscussedinameaningfulway.Anumberofpointsshouldbediscussedwithinacomparativeessay.3Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethechart.TaoYuanming?Hewentbacktonaturebecausehefeltconflictedoverlifeatcourt.?Hisreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto.?Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife.Similarities:?Bothmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.?Bothwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirnewlives.HenryDavidThoreau?Thoreau’sreturntonaturewasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.?Thoreau’sdescriptionofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.?Hewroteaboutnatureinordertoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.ThinkShare1WhydidittakeTaoandThoreaugreatcouragetowalkawayfromtheirpreviouslives?2Whyaretheirideasimportanttoourlivestoday?3WhatdoyouthinkaboutlivinginnaturelikeTaoandThoreau?Giveyourreasons.4Comparethetworeadingpassagesinthisunit.Inwhatwaysdoeseachpassagecontributetotheunittheme?1WhydidittakeTaoandThoreaugreatcouragetowalkawayfromtheirpreviouslives?2Whyaretheirideasimportanttoourlivestoday?3WhatdoyouthinkaboutlivinginnaturelikeTaoandThoreau?Giveyourreasons.4Comparethetworeadingpassagesinthisunit.Inwhatwaysdoeseachpassagecontributetotheunittheme?Becauseitwasdifficulttorejecttheeasyandfamiliarlifetheyusedtolive.Becauseintoday’smodernworld,westillneedtoliveharmoniouslywithnature,andliveasimplelife.Fewermaterialdesiresleadtobetterpersonalwell-beingandfulfilment.Bothpassageshavethecommonthemeoflearningfromnature.Thefirstpassagefocusesontheinspirationspeoplegetfromnature,whilethesecondfocusesmoreonthenaturalwayoflivingthatpeoplestillneedtoday.Thesecondpassagecallsuponustoliveinharmonywithnature,whichisanimportantmessagefortoday.4Workingroups.ComparethequotesbyTaoandThoreau.Beyondthedarkanddistanceliesavillage,Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane,Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.Liveineachseasonasitpasses;breathetheair,drinkthedrink,tastethefruit,andresignyourselftotheinfluencesofeach.Letthembeyouronlydiet,drinkandbotanicalmedicines.1FindtheChineseversionofTao’spoem,andtranslateThoreau’squoteintoChinese.2Decidewhichportrayalofnatureyoupreferandmakenotes.3Organiseyourthoughtsandsharethemwiththeclass.?Genresoftheirworks:?Imagesintheirworks:?Whatnaturemeanstothem:?Whatmessagetheytrytoconvey:Tao____________________________________Thoreau________________________________________1FindtheChineseversionofTao’spoem,andtranslateThoreau’squoteintoChinese.歸園田居（其一）陶淵明少無(wú)適俗韻，性本愛(ài)丘山。誤落塵網(wǎng)中，一去三十年。羈鳥(niǎo)戀舊林，池魚(yú)思故淵。開(kāi)荒南野際，守拙歸園田。方宅十余畝，草屋八九間。榆柳蔭后檐，桃李羅堂前。曖曖遠(yuǎn)人村，依依墟里煙。狗吠深巷中，雞鳴桑樹(shù)顛。戶庭無(wú)塵雜，虛室有余閑。久在樊籠里，復(fù)得返自然。好好度過(guò)每一個(gè)季節(jié)，呼吸新鮮的空氣，暢飲美酒，品嘗水果，盡情享受這一切。讓生活中只有飲食和草藥。Nowthinkaboutyourperformanceinthisactivity.Howeffectivelydidyoucomparethetwoliteraryworks?Whatadditionalinformationdidyouneedtomakethecomparison?Languagepoints1.Superficially,thesetwomen,whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years,werepolaropposites.表面上看，這兩個(gè)人生活在不同的時(shí)代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。

句子主干是thesetwomenwerepolaropposites;whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)thosetwomen進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。2.Andyettheysharedanintenserespectfornature,whichmadethemeachaninfluentialfigureoftheirtime.然而，他們都非常尊重自然，這使得他們?cè)诟髯缘臅r(shí)代都成為有影響力的人物。

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)respectfornature進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；3.In405,hequittheserviceofthecourtforgood,expressinghisunhappinessinthenowfamouslinethathewouldnot“bowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain”.公元405年，陶淵明辭去了官職，以表達(dá)他對(duì)仕途的不滿，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不為五斗米折腰”。(1)forgood

永久地，永遠(yuǎn)地e.g.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.

某些工作因?yàn)楸粰C(jī)器取代而永遠(yuǎn)消失了。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)；(3)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)line進(jìn)行解釋(4)inreturnfor作為……的回報(bào)e.g.Isenthimapresentinreturnforhishelp.我送給他一份禮物以回報(bào)他的幫助。4.Fromhispoetry,wecanlearnthatalthoughhislifewasarduous,hesucceededinfindingcontentmentinitssimplicityandindrawingpleasurefromnature.

我們可以從他的詩(shī)歌中看出，盡管生活艱苦，但他從這種簡(jiǎn)單的生活中成功獲得了滿足感，并從大自然中獲得了樂(lè)趣。

(1)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

(2)succeedindoingsth.成功做某事e.g.Shesucceededininventingthenewmachine.她成功地發(fā)明了這臺(tái)新機(jī)器。5.WhileTao'sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto,Thoreau'swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.

陶淵明回歸大自然是對(duì)自己反對(duì)的生活方式做出的一種反應(yīng)，而梭羅則是出于個(gè)人的決定而改變自己的生活方式。(1)while連接并列分句，表對(duì)比，意為“卻；但是；而（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況、活動(dòng)等之間的區(qū)別）”，此處作者是想用對(duì)比的方法介紹兩位詩(shī)人回歸田園生活的不同初衷。；“hewasopposedto”和“helived”為定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾lifestyle和way。(2)beopposedto反對(duì)……；與……相對(duì)

e.g.Hewasstronglyopposedtotheidea.

他堅(jiān)決反對(duì)那個(gè)主意。6.IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.

我步入?yún)擦?，是因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ杂傻厣?，只面?duì)生活中的基本事實(shí)。

because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

7.

AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.

盡管陶淵明和梭羅對(duì)待自然的方式不同，但他們的作品都展現(xiàn)了自然的美麗和價(jià)值。Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。8.Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife:...

他描寫(xiě)的平靜祥和的生活，與壓抑的官場(chǎng)生活形成鮮明對(duì)比，是對(duì)壓抑的官場(chǎng)生活的批判：……

(1)“hewroteabout”為定語(yǔ)從句；

(2)incontrastto與……（形成）對(duì)比e.g.Thestocklost60centsashare,incontrasttolastyear,whenitgained21cents.

該股票每股跌了60美分，和去年上漲21美分形成了對(duì)比。

(3)criticalof批評(píng)，批判e.g.Manyparentsarestronglycriticaloftheschool.

許多家長(zhǎng)對(duì)這所學(xué)校提出了強(qiáng)烈的批評(píng)。9.Thoreau'swritingaimedtoconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.