語法二彈現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)話

Chongqing,China你個(gè)瓜娃子，又干哪樣好事？我。。。昨天不小心打破了。。。Iamsosorry.Iwon’tforgiveyou.Iwilltellmyteacher.但是，媽媽。我一直有認(rèn)真做作業(yè)喔~可以彌補(bǔ)我的罪過嗎？Noway!你應(yīng)該去主動(dòng)認(rèn)錯(cuò)~現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)目錄DIRECTORY現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的定義01現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)02現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法03延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞0405現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Vs一般過去時(shí)定義01present(now)futurepast

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(presentperfecttense)eg:Theboyhasbrokenthegirl’scup.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的定義動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在杯子是壞的present(now)futurepast

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(presentperfecttense)eg:Theboyhasdonehishomeworkforalongtime.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的定義表示該動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去WhatisThePresentPerfectTense?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者過去的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。結(jié)構(gòu)02WehavelearntEnglishsince2008.Winterhascome.二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)主語助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（done）++其它1、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasdone

IhaveheardfromJane.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?Ihaven’theardfromJane.Hehascomeback.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?Hehasn’tcomeback.2、否定結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasn’tdone3、一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have/Has……done?Mary

has

been

ill

for

three

days.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。They

have

lived

here

since

theywere

born.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。HasMarybeenillforthreedays?Yes,shehas.Havetheylived

here

since

theywere

born?No,theyhaven’t.Hehasdonehishomeworkfor3hours.

(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問。)Howlonghashedonehishomework?4、特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？注意：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：

動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成（1）絕大多數(shù)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

+ed

（2）以字母e結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞直接+d（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞改y為i+ed

(4)重讀閉音節(jié),以“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母（w和y除外）”結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾字母+ed

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成Typeoriginalp.tp.pcutcutcuthit(撞擊)hithitcostcostcosthurthurthurtPut(放)putputreadreadreadAAAmeetmetmetkeepkeptkeptmakemademadebringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldlendlentlentspendspentspentfindfoundfoundhearheardheardbuildbuiltbuiltTypeoriginalp.tp.pABBTypeoriginalp.tp.pbeginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunkswimswamswumspeakspokespokenchoosechosechosenknowknewknownforgetforgotforgottenbreakbrokebrokendrivedrovedrivengivegavegiveneatateeatenwritewrotewrittenABC寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式及過去分詞1e_______-________2break_______-_________3bring_______-________4build_______-_________5bite_______-_________6catch_______-_________7choose________-_______8cut________-__________9fall_______-__________10fly_______-__________11forget_______-_______12grow________-_______13hit______-______14hurt_____-______15keep_____-______16lend______-_____17lose______-______18meet_____-______19put______-______20read______-_____21ring______-______becameebrokebroken

broughtbroughtbuiltbuiltbitbitcaughtcaughtchosechosencutcutfellfallenflewflownforgotforgottengrewgrownhithithurthurtkeptkeptlentlentlostlostmetmetputputreadreadrangrungThehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句把have/has放在句首have/hasn’tdonehave/hasdone基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句把have/has放在句首have/hasn’tdonehave/hasdone用法031、過去經(jīng)歷John,cleanyourteeth.please.Mum,Ihavealreadycleanedthem.

動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，結(jié)束在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響。用法03BA

Wehaveseenthefilm.我們看過那部電影了。（意為已知道電影內(nèi)容或者不需要再次觀看了）Lilyhasturnedoffthelight.麗麗（已經(jīng)）把燈關(guān)上了。（意為現(xiàn)在房間是黑的了）常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,before,just等連用。標(biāo)志詞意為“已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。alreadyyet疑問句中表“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中表“還”，常放在句末。Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.Ihavealready

watchedtheTVplay.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了12just“剛才”，表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間HehasjustcomebackfromBeijing.3ever曾經(jīng)，用在疑問句或否定句中，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai.4evernever“從不”，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.4before“以前”，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制Ihaven’theardofitbefore.---：Oh,boy,youlooksotired.---:Yes,Ihavesomanyhomework.Ihaveworkedonitfor3hours.However,thehomeworkisn’tdone.2、過去持續(xù)

動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。BATheyhavelivedheresince1989.他們自從1989年以來就住在這兒。Ihavebeenamiddleschoolstudentforover2years.我做兩年初中生了。since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長達(dá)）

for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:ForVS.sinceMr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______fewdaysago.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.for

since

forsinceforforsince動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，結(jié)束在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響。.從過去到現(xiàn)在某動(dòng)作重復(fù)發(fā)生的次數(shù)。.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法總結(jié)標(biāo)志詞

alreadyVsyet

forVssince延與非延04延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響如：learn、live、know等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束如：open、close、arrive等常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep或短語“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語）“來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.之間的轉(zhuǎn)化延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞習(xí)題hasbeendead

haskept

hashad

hasbeen

hasbeenon

區(qū)別05

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典（

過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典。）

一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。（

只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。）五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Vs一般過去時(shí)1、含義不同nowfuture一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:for,since,recently,inthepastfewyears,recently,just,tillnow,sofar等五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Vs一般過去時(shí)2、時(shí)間狀語不同動(dòng)詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Vs一般過去時(shí)總結(jié)區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)12含義不同時(shí)間狀語不同

重要考點(diǎn)06辨析havebeento和havegonetohavebeentosomeplace.曾經(jīng)