常州高級(jí)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

江蘇省常州高級(jí)中學(xué)2021～2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高二年級(jí)期中質(zhì)量檢查英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inapark.B.Atschool.C.Atthehospital.2.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Thewoman’swork.B.Abirthdayparty.C.Somebakingskills.3.WhydoesthemanwanttovisitDenmark?A.Forthescenery.B.Forthefood.C.Forthefashion.4.Whatdisturbedthewomanduringthenight?A.People’sargument.B.Acarstarting.C.Adogbarking.5.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Askanotherpersonforadvice.B.Shaveoffhisbeard.C.Leavehisbeardasitis.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheman’sfavoritefilmofJessica?A.Molly'sGame.B.Interstellar.C.ZeroDarkThirty.7.Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Writeascript.B.Shootamovie.C.Takephotographs.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthemantryingtodo?A.Applyforapassport.B.Orderataxi.C.Crosstheborder.9.Howmuchisthefastestvisaservice?A.$100.B.$50.C.$20.10.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Tohishotel.B.Totheairport.C.Totheapplicationoffice.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger.B.Doctorandpatient.CMotherandson.12.Howcouldtheman’sattitudebedescribed?A.Indifferent.B.Friendly.C.Formal.13.Whichcitywillthewomanvisitnextweek?A.London.B.NewYork.C.Toronto.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatinspiredthewomantopaint?A.Writingstoriesatayoungage.B.Readingbooksatayoungage.C.WatchingTVatayoungage.15.Whatisthewoman’soccupation?A.Sheisapainter.B.Sheisanovelist.C.Sheisajournalist.16.HowmanybookshasthewomanworkedonwithMark?A.Morethantwelve.B.Aroundsix.C.Aboutfive.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Duringwhichseasonisthereporttakingplace?A.Winter.B.SpringC.Fall.18.Whichregionisthespeakermainlyaddressing?A.NortheasternUSA.B.SouthernUSA.C.CentralCanada.19.Whatisthespeaker’sadvicefortheupcomingmonth?A.Bringanumbrella.B.Prepareforsnow.C.Keepcold-weatherclothingready.20.Whichtopicwillprobablybereportednext?A.Worldaffairs.B.Localnews.C.Sports.第二部分閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）ABBCSHOPEntertaining.Informing.Inspiring.WHATARELIEE!DelighteveryoneonyourholidaygiftlistwithgreatgiftsfromtheBBC.You’llearnheartfeltthanksfromnatureloversforPlanetEarthI&Ⅱ:TheCompleteCollection(page41)—inspiringlookatourplanet’swildest,mostmysteriouscreaturesandtheirbreathtakinghomefrommysteryloversforSherlock:CompleteSeasons1-4andTheAbominableBrideGiftset(page13)—entertainingproofthatHolmescanbedifficult,dangerous,accurate,andabsolutefunny..….andfromthosewhoappreciateallthingsBritish.DelightCharlesDickensfanswithDickensian(page7).ThenewdramaserieswithmoreadventuresforDickens’characters...DinnerwithDickensCookbook(page9)withproceduresforhisfavoritedishes...andTomBakerReads“AChristmaspoem”(page8)forawonderfulnewholidaytradition.Plusteapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugsandmore–justintimefortheholidays.Enjoy!THEMOMENTWelcometomurder,suspense,romance,robberyandclothinginthisexcitinghistoricaldrama!TroublebeginsforRachelVerinderthedaysheinheritsalargediamondstolenfromaHindutemple.Whenitdisappearsagain,suspicionfallsonFranklinBlake,themanwholovesher.ButwhataboutmysteriouscousinGodfrey,thehousemaidwithathievingpast,anddoctorwhoexperimentswithopium(鴉片)?BlakemustdiscoverthefateoftheMoonstoneorloseRachelforever.Apowerfultaleandemotionallysuddenchanges,basedonthefirst-everEnglishdetectivenovelbyWikieCollins.33/4hours.DVD21024$34:99YOURPRICE:￥27.98WALKERSCHRISTMASTREESHORTBREADANDTINSSantaandabeautifulAngelputthefinishingtouchesonChristmastreetins–perfectcenterpiecesandholidaydecorationsthatyourfamilyandfriendswillenjoyyearafteryear.Liftthetreetopsandtastethedelicioussecretinside:purebuttershortbreadshapedlikemini-Christmastrees,andmadefromonlyfinestingredients—flour,butter,sugarandsalt.BakedinthevillageofAberlourintheScottishHighlands,theyfollowagenerations-oldfamilyprocedure,firstperfectedbyJosephWalkerin1898.Whiletheshortbreadwilldisappearasifbymagic,thetinswillholdyourholidaycookiesandcandyformanyChristmasestocome.Wonderfulhostessgifts.Bothtins:6’h×4%’d;netwt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19981.Tom’swifeisahomebaker,sohe’dbetterrefertoPage________foraChristmaspresentforher.A.41 B.13 C.9 D.82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabout“TheMoment”?A.Thestory,ratherthantheactors,isattracting.B.Itisanadapteddramalastingnearly4hours.C.Therearethreesuspectsforstealingthediamond.D.ItisbasedonWikieCollins’firstfamousdetectivenovel.3.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheshortbread?A.Itistraditionallyfamily-bakedinScotland.B.ItiswrappedinatinwithbothAngelandSantaonit.C.ItfollowsasecretprocedureperfectedbyJosephWalker.D.Itusuallydisappearsinamagicwaytogetherwiththetin.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了BBC商店中的三種商品?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WHATARELIEE!中的第四段“...DinnerwithDickensCookbook(page9)withproceduresforhisfavoritedishes(《與狄更斯共進(jìn)晚餐食譜》(第9頁(yè))，介紹了他最喜歡的菜肴的流程)”可知，湯姆的妻子是一個(gè)家庭面包師，所以他最好參考第9頁(yè)給她的圣誕禮物。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)THEMOMENT中的“Welcometomurder,suspense,romance,robberyandclothinginthisexcitinghistoricaldrama!(歡迎來(lái)到這部扣人心弦的歷史劇中的謀殺、懸疑、浪漫、搶劫和服裝)”和“Apowerfultaleandemotionallysuddenchanges,basedonthefirst-everEnglishdetectivenovelbyWikieCollins.33/4hours.(一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的故事和情感上的突然變化，根據(jù)WikieCollins的第一部英國(guó)偵探小說(shuō)改編。33/4小時(shí))”可知，《THEMOMENT》是一部改編的戲劇，持續(xù)了近4個(gè)小時(shí)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“BakedinthevillageofAberlourintheScottishHighlands,theyfollowagenerations-oldfamilyprocedure,firstperfectedbyJosephWalkerin1898.(它們?cè)谔K格蘭高地的阿伯洛爾村烘焙，沿襲了幾代人的家庭制作流程，由JosephWalker在1898年首次完善)”可知，酥餅是蘇格蘭的傳統(tǒng)家庭烘焙。故選A。BHaveyoueverheardthedangersofhelicopterparenting?Remainingtooinvolvedinakid’slife,especiallythroughoutcollege,canleadtodepression,lackofself-relianceandsomeothermentalproblems.Thiswisdomseemssound.Butsomeacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheyseesignsofatroublingresistance.Theconcern:thattoomuchofwarningsandhorrorstories—thecoverofJulieLythcott-Haims’bestsellerHowtoRaiseanAdultinstructsmomsanddadstoavoid“theoverparentingtrap”—isdiscouragingparentsfromgettinginvolvedatall.“Yes,parentscanbeintruders(unpopularpeople),”saysMarjorieSavage,aresearcherintheUniversityofMinnesota.“Atthesametime,thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusingtostepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.”AtHofstraUniversity,forexample,parentsnowaskembarrassedlyaboutmental-healthandcampus-safetyresources,asifbringingupthosetopicswereforbidden,saysBrankaKristic,whoheadsthefamily-outreachprograms.AndSavagerecallstalkingtoamomwhokeptquietaboutherson’ssignsofdepressionuntilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantto“helicopterin”.Thatmeanscolleges,whichhavespentthepastdecadelearningtocopewithparentswhogettooinvolved,nowhaveadifferentproblem.Inrecentyears,hundredsofcollegeshaveeitherlaunchedorincreasedtheirparentofficestohelpparents.Muchofthisbegan,ofcourse,becauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudentsconnectedwiththeirparentslikeneverbefore.Onaverage,theycommunicate22.1timesperweek,accordingtoresearchfromBarbaraHofer,apsychologyprofessoratMiddleburyCollege.That’smorethantwicetherateofadecadeago,beforealmosteverystudenthadasmartphone.Withsomemomsanddadsthinkingtwiceofcontactingtheschoolinthefirstplace,someprogramsarebeingusedtoencourageamorebalancedapproach.Hofstra’sKristicadvisesparentsto“beaguide,whilegrantingthatthestudentownsthejourney”.Thatmeansaskingquestions,listeningtoanswersbeingpatientandtrustingkidstoresolvetheirownproblems.Butifissuespersist,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper,atleastforalittlewhile.4.Inparagraph3,parentsofHofstraUniversitystudentsarementionedto__________.A.placeemphasisonthenecessityofoverparentingB.giveafurtherexampleofsupportiveoverparentingC.provideeducatorswithanewunderstandingofoverparentingD.showthatparentshavegonetotheotherextremeofoverparenting5.Thephrase“hoppinginthechopper”inthelastparagraphrefersto___________.A.havingtrustinkids B.turningtosocialmediaforhelpC.steppingintosolvekids’problems D.joiningafamily-outreachprogram6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Therewaslessstudent-parentcommunicationinthepastthantoday.B.Overparentingisnolongeraproblembecauseofstudents’self-reliance.C.HowtoRaiseanAdultencouragesparentstogetengagedinfamilyeducation.D.Mental-healthandcampus-safetyresourcesareforbiddentopicsamongparents.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyOverparentingIsinQuestion B.HowtoCommunicateMoreasParentsC.WhyCollegesNeedHelicopterParents D.HowtoImproveParent-schoolRelations【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。為避免“過(guò)度養(yǎng)育”，很多父母?jìng)儾粎⑴c孩子的生活和教育。文章論述了父母走向這個(gè)極端對(duì)孩子的不利之處。作者認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該采取更平衡的方式，平時(shí)要信任孩子能自己解決問(wèn)題，但是當(dāng)孩子的問(wèn)題持續(xù)或孩子有危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，父母還是應(yīng)該當(dāng)“直升機(jī)父母”，幫助孩子解決問(wèn)題?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theconcern:thattoomuchofwarningsandhorrorstories—thecoverofJulieLythcott-Haims’bestsellerHowtoRaiseanAdultinstructsmomsanddadstoavoid“theoverparentingtrap”—isdiscouragingparentsfromgettinginvolvedatall.(令人擔(dān)憂的是：朱莉·萊思·科特·哈伊姆斯的暢銷書《如何撫養(yǎng)成人》的封面上有太多的警告和恐怖故事，這些故事指導(dǎo)父母避免“過(guò)度養(yǎng)育陷阱”，這讓父母根本不敢參與其中)”以及第三段中“AtHofstraUniversity,forexample,parentsnowaskembarrassedlyaboutmental-healthandcampus-safetyresources,asifbringingupthosetopicswereforbidden,saysBrankaKristic,whoheadsthefamily-outreachprograms.AndSavagerecallstalkingtoamomwhokeptquietaboutherson’ssignsofdepressionuntilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantto“helicopterin”.(例如，在霍夫斯特拉大學(xué)，現(xiàn)在家長(zhǎng)們?cè)儐?wèn)孩子的心理健康和校園安全問(wèn)題時(shí)，感到很為難，好像提出這些話題是被禁止的，家庭外展項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人布蘭卡·克里斯蒂克說(shuō)。薩維奇回憶說(shuō)，她曾和一位母親交談過(guò)，這位母親對(duì)兒子的抑郁癥跡象只字不提，直到兒子一學(xué)期考試不及格。她不想“直升機(jī)降落”。)”可知，“直升機(jī)教育”的弊端讓父母現(xiàn)在不去參與孩子的生活和教育。文章舉出霍夫斯特拉大學(xué)學(xué)生的父母的例子，是為了說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在父母不愿意當(dāng)“直升機(jī)父母”，不參與孩子的生活和教育，從而走到了“過(guò)度養(yǎng)育”的另一個(gè)極端。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hofstra’sKristicadvisesparentsto“beaguide,whilegrantingthatthestudentownsthejourney”.Thatmeansaskingquestions,listeningtoanswersbeingpatientandtrustingkidstoresolvetheirownproblems.(霍夫斯特拉大學(xué)的Kristic教授建議家長(zhǎng)“做一個(gè)向?qū)?，同時(shí)允許學(xué)生走自己的生活道路”。這意味著家長(zhǎng)可以通過(guò)問(wèn)問(wèn)題，聽答案，并且要有耐心，信任孩子能解決他們自己的問(wèn)題)”結(jié)合but表示語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折；后面提到Kristic的進(jìn)一步觀點(diǎn)，“ifissuespersist,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper,atleastforalittlewhile.”可知，Kristic教授認(rèn)為，如果學(xué)生的問(wèn)題持續(xù)存在，或?qū)W生處于嚴(yán)重的精神或身體危險(xiǎn)中，這還是需要家長(zhǎng)參與孩子的生活和教育，幫助孩子解決問(wèn)題，至少在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)應(yīng)該這樣做。由此可以猜測(cè)“hoppinginthechopper”意思為“介入并解決孩子的問(wèn)題”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Muchofthisbegan,ofcourse,becauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudentsconnectedwiththeirparentslikeneverbefore.Onaverage,theycommunicate22.1timesperweek,accordingtoresearchfromBarbaraHofer,apsychologyprofessoratMiddleburyCollege.That’smorethantwicetherateofadecadeago,beforealmosteverystudenthadasmartphone.(當(dāng)然，這在很大程度上是因?yàn)閷W(xué)校被迫面對(duì)一代與父母有著前所未有聯(lián)系的學(xué)生。根據(jù)米德爾伯里學(xué)院心理學(xué)教授芭芭拉·霍弗的研究，他們平均每周交流22.1次。這是十年前的兩倍多，當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)生都沒(méi)有智能手機(jī))”可推知，過(guò)去學(xué)生與家長(zhǎng)之間的交流比現(xiàn)在少得多。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“someacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheyseesignsofatroublingresistance.”“直升機(jī)父母”的現(xiàn)象讓很多父母為了避免“過(guò)度養(yǎng)育”，從而不參與孩子的生活和教育，這種跡象讓教育者感到不安；第三段中提到“thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusingtostepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.”該段說(shuō)明有越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)在學(xué)生真正需要家庭時(shí)拒絕幫助孩子，并舉例說(shuō)明其帶來(lái)的危害；第六段中“ifissuespersist,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper”霍夫斯特拉大學(xué)的Kristic教授認(rèn)為如果孩子的問(wèn)題持續(xù)存在，或處于嚴(yán)重的精神或身體危險(xiǎn)，父母還是要參與和幫助孩子，至少在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)當(dāng)“直升機(jī)父母”。由此可知，文章是說(shuō)論述為什么孩子還是需要“直升機(jī)父母”的。故選C。CNothingis“newandimproved”anymore.It’sallabouttheplus.“SomethingexcitingishappeninginMarch,”flowedoutanemailfromCBSAllAccess,alertingsubscribersthatthestreamingserviceisbeingrenamedParamount+.ThecompanyseekstokeeppacewithAppleTV+,ESPN+,Disney+,BET+,AMC+andothers.Videoservicesdidn’tstartthis.TheAppleII+cameoutin1979andCrest+toothpastein2002,ButTVstreamingcompaniesnowapparentlymustbebrandedplus,forfearthatconsumersperceivetheirofferingsasaminus.Muchofthishastodowithjustifyingamonthlychargefortelevision—whichusedtobefree.Amorecompletenamewouldbe“Paramount+aBill.”Huluusedtohavea“plus”service,whichwasamisnomersincewhatcustomersgotwithitwastheabsenceofads.“We’vehadfunwithouroldfriendPlus,thecompanyexplainedina2015email,“butit’stimetomoveon.WejustwantedtoletyouknowthatweareretiringtheHuluPlusname.Fromnowon,wewilljustbeknownasHulu.NoPlus.Yetotherstreamingserviceshavebeendrawntotheplus,thanksinlargeparttothesuccessofDisney+,whichadded86millionsubscribersduringitsfirstyear.DisneyalsooperatesESPN+and,outsidetheU.S.,Star+.Afunnythingaboutmarketing:Aplusisalwaysaplusbutaminusisneveraminus—eventhoughmoreproductsarenotableforwhattheycutdown.Budweiserwouldn’tcallitslower-caloriebeerBud-.Therearefat-freepotatochipsandcookies,butPringles—orOreos—isabandoned.Americanshaveafondnessforplus-sizeportions,plus-sizeclothingandmediathathaveplussignsintheirnames.Mercifully,theplusthinghasn’tyetreachedmoreimportantaspectsofourlives.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A.Toaddscreamingservicetoitsoriginalservice.B.Toprovideplusservice.C.Tokeeppacewithothercompanies.D.Tosharenewsthroughemails.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHulu?A.Huluhasnoadsputin. B.Hulusufferedagreatloss.C.Hulucheateditssubscribers. D.Hulunolongerfollowssuit.10.Whywouldn’tBudweisercallitslower-caloriebeerBud-?A.Tokeeppacewithothercompanies. B.Toprotecttheconsumers’interests.C.Toavoidmisunderstandings D.Tomaintainthebeer’squality.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetrend?A.Skeptical. B.Tolerant. C.Critical. D.Objective.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了三月許多流媒體開始在自己的公司名字后面加上“+”，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心消費(fèi)者會(huì)認(rèn)為他們提供的產(chǎn)品是負(fù)值?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段““SomethingexcitingishappeninginMarch,”flowedoutanemailfromCBSAllAccess,alertingsubscribersthatthestreamingserviceisbeingrenamedParamount+.ThecompanyseekstokeeppacewithAppleTV+,ESPN+,Disney+,BET+,AMC+andothers.(CBSAllAccess在一封電子郵件中寫道：“3月份正發(fā)生一些令人興奮的事情?！边@封郵件提醒用戶，流媒體服務(wù)將更名為Paramount+。該公司試圖跟上AppleTV+、ESPN+、迪士尼+、BET+、AMC+等公司的步伐)”可知，視頻服務(wù)并沒(méi)有采取這一加號(hào)服務(wù)，即this指的是“提供加號(hào)服務(wù)”。故選B。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“WejustwantedtoletyouknowthatweareretiringtheHuluPlusname.Fromnowon,wewilljustbeknownasHulu.NoPlus.(我們只是想讓你知道我們要取消HuluPlus這個(gè)名字。從現(xiàn)在起，我們就叫Hulu吧。沒(méi)有加號(hào))”可知，Hulu不再效仿。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Afunnythingaboutmarketing:Aplusisalwaysaplusbutaminusisneveraminus—eventhoughmoreproductsarenotableforwhattheycutdown.Budweiserwouldn’tcallitslower-caloriebeerBud-.(市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷中有一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象：“加號(hào)”永遠(yuǎn)是“加號(hào)”，“減號(hào)”永遠(yuǎn)不是“減號(hào)”——盡管更多的產(chǎn)品因其削減的產(chǎn)品而引人注目。百威不會(huì)把它的低熱量啤酒叫做Bud-)”可推知，百威不把它的低熱量啤酒叫Bud-，是為了避免誤解。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Mercifully,theplusthinghasn’tyetreachedmoreimportantaspectsofourlives.(幸運(yùn)的是，加號(hào)這件事還沒(méi)有影響到我們生活中更重要的方面)”可推知，作者對(duì)這一趨勢(shì)持批判態(tài)度。故選C。D“ACAREERBOOKaboutAsians?Aren’ttheydoingfine…?”SobeginsBreakingtheBambooCeiling,averylargescholarlybookbyJaneHyunpublishedin2005.BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bambooceiling”ofthebook’stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.FifteenyearslaterAsiansarestillunder-represented.Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry’spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesofS&P500(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù))firms.SomeprominentAsiansrunbigcompanies.ArvindKrishnaisIBM’snewboss.SatyaNadellarunsMicrosoftandSundarPichaileadsAlphabet.ButfewotherAsianshavejoinedtheirranks—and,revealingly,thesestarsallhaveIndianroots.TherearefewerSouthAsiansinAmericathanEastAsians,buttheystillmadeup13ofall16AsianS&P500CEOs.WhyaretheresofewAsiansamongAmerica’sbusinesselite?Andifabambooceilingistoblame,whydoSouthAsiansbreakthroughmoreeasily?ThesequestionsarethefocusofastudybyJacksonLuofMITSloanSchoolofManagementandcolleagues,whosurveyedhundredsofseniorexecutivesandbusiness-schoolstudents.Theyfoundthatwhilediscriminationexists,itisnotdestiny.SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites(ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation).Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.Thatleavesculture.TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.Thesametendencyforconfidentremarksfeaturedin“TheArgumentativeIndian”,abookbyAmartyaSen,aNobel-prizewinningeconomist.TheresearchersoweEastAsians’silencetoConfucianvaluesofmodestyandrespectforsocialranking.Sometimesbraveryandbombastareneededtobreakbamboo.12.Whatdoes“bambooceiling”referto?A.ThetopofanAmericantechnologycompany.B.AroofmadeofbambootypicalofAsianbuildings.C.PromotionobstaclesfacingAsianemployeesinAmerica.D.TheinvisiblediscriminationagainstAsiansintheUSA.13.Whatdoes“under-represented”inParagraph2mean?A.Lackingrepresentatives. B.Hardtoshowtheirtalents.CBeingunderestimated. D.Unabletolandajob.14.AccordingtoJacksonLu,whatmainlyaccountsforfewerpromotionsofEastAsiansthanSouthAsians?A.Asmallpopulation. B.Discrimination. C.Lackofambition. D.Culture.15.WhydoSouthAsianssucceedinAmericanbusinessmoreeasily?A.Westernpeopleprefermodestytoconfidenceincommunication.B.TheconfidencetheydemonstrateconsistswithWesternleadership.C.Theyenduregreaterracismandbecomemoreambitious.D.Theirambitionurgesthemtoendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以一本名為《BreakingtheBambooCeiling》的書為引入，指出了在美國(guó)的亞洲員工面臨晉升障礙的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)南亞人比東亞人更容易晉升，分析了產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象背后的種種原因。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BecauseAsian-Americanshadhigherincomesandeducationlevelsandcommittedfewercrimesthantheiraveragecountrymen,theywereseenasamodelminority.Despitethis,theyrarelyrosetothetopofcompanies.Amixofindividual,culturalandorganizationalbarriers—the“bambooceiling”ofthebook’stitle—seemedtoprohibitthemfromrising.(由于亞裔美國(guó)人的收入和教育水平更高，犯罪行為也比一般同胞少，他們被視為模范少數(shù)族裔。盡管如此，他們很少能升到公司的高層。個(gè)人、文化和組織的障礙——書名中的“bambooceiling”——混合在一起，似乎阻止了他們的晉升)”可知，“bambooceiling”指的是在美國(guó)的亞洲員工面臨的晉升障礙。故選C。【13題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Inthetechnologysectors,Asiansmakeupover30%oftheworkersbutlessthan15%ofbosses.In2017Asiansmadeuproughly6%ofthecountry’spopulationbutonly3%ofthebossesofS&P500(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù))firms.(在科技行業(yè)，亞洲人占員工總數(shù)的30%以上，但占老板總數(shù)的不到15%。2017年，亞洲人約占美國(guó)人口的6%，但在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)成分股公司的老板中，亞洲人只占3%)”可知，15年后，亞洲人在行業(yè)中仍然沒(méi)有得到充分的代表，即亞洲人缺乏代表。故畫線詞意思為“缺乏代表”。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“SouthAsiansenduregreaterracismthanEastAsiansbutstilloutperformevenwhites(ifsuccessisweighedagainstshareofpopulation).Theirresearchalsorulesoutlackofambition:agreatershareofAsiansthanwhitesendeavorforhigh-statusjobs.(南亞人忍受著比東亞人更嚴(yán)重的種族主義，但表現(xiàn)仍然超過(guò)白人——如果成功與人口比例相比較的話。他們的研究也排除了缺乏雄心壯志的可能性：努力獲得高職位的亞洲人比白人要多)”以及最后一段中“Thatleavesculture.(這樣一來(lái)就只剩下文化這種原因)”可推知，根據(jù)JacksonLu的研究，東亞人升職比南亞人少的主要原因是文化。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheresearchersconcludethatSouthAsianstendtobemoredeterminedandconfidentthanEastAsiansinhowtheycommunicateatwork,whichfitsWesternconceptsofhowaleadershouldbehave.(研究人員得出的結(jié)論是，南亞人在工作中的溝通方式往往比東亞人更有決心和自信，這符合西方關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的行事概念)”可知，南亞人更容易在美國(guó)商業(yè)中成功，是因?yàn)樗麄儽憩F(xiàn)出的信心與西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一致。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoTeachandModelMultipleReadingStrategiesEvenstudentswhoseemtocometoreadingnaturallyanddoitfrequentlyintheirfreetimerequirereadinginstruction.___16___Buildingsuccessfulreadersinvolvesprovidingthemwithopportunitiesforbothguidedandindependentpractice.Givestudentsencouragementandfeedback(反饋)sotheycanbuildonthestrategieslearnedintheclassroom.Before-ReadingStrategiesReadingstrategiesstartbeforebeginningtoreadatext.Activate(激活)students'previousexperiencesandknowledgetheyalreadyhave.Askthemwhattypeofstorytheyexpecttoreadbasedonthetitleandpictures,andalsoiftheyhavereadorexperiencedanythingsimilar.___17___Havestudentssetapurposeforreadingbystatingwhattheywanttolearnfromthetext.During-ReadingStrategiesTeachstudentstomonitortheirowncomprehension.___18___Modelthesestrategiesforthestudents.Successfulreadersalsointeract(互動(dòng))withthetext.ReadingspecialistKyleneBeersdevelopedanactivityforactivelyinvolvingstudentsinreadingcalled"SaySomething."Studentstaketurnsreadingaloudwithapartner.___19___After-ReadingStrategiesHelpstudentsrelatetothetexttheyhavejustreadbyaskingthemifthesituationsoundsfamiliarorremindsthemofsomething.___20___Beerssuggestsusingscales(量表)sostudentscanshowtheirlevelofagreementwithastatementthatmakesageneralizationaboutthepassage.Modelthethinkingprocessinvolvedinreachingalevelofagreement.Encouragestudentstodiscusstheiranswers,explainingtoeachotherhowtheyarrivedattheirconclusions.A.Showthemhowtostopwhentheygettoadifficultpart,reread,gobackorevenreadforward.B.Theypauseperiodicallytomakeacommentoraskaquestionaboutthetext.C.Teachingreadingstrategiesstartswithdirectinstructionandmodeling.D.Startbynamingastrategyandexplaininghowandwhyitworks.E.Modelyourthinkingbysharingyourthoughtsoutloud.F.Readingcomprehensionstrategiesneedtobetaught.G.Encouragestudentstodiscussthetext.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.B20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了應(yīng)當(dāng)如何教導(dǎo)并給學(xué)生示范閱讀策略?！?6題詳解】本文首句“Evenstudentswhoseemtocometoreadingnaturallyanddoitfrequentlyintheirfreetimerequirereadinginstruction.（即使是那些看起來(lái)很自然并且經(jīng)常在空閑時(shí)間閱讀的學(xué)生也需要閱讀指導(dǎo)。）”指出學(xué)生需要閱讀指導(dǎo),那么該如何指導(dǎo)呢?從而引出設(shè)空處對(duì)如何開始閱讀指導(dǎo)的說(shuō)明。C選項(xiàng)“教授閱讀策略需要從直接的教導(dǎo)和示范開始”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Askthemwhattypeofstorytheyexpecttoreadbasedonthetitleandpictures,andalsoiftheyhavereadorexperiencedanythingsimilar.（根據(jù)標(biāo)題和圖片，詢問(wèn)他們希望讀什么類型的故事，以及他們是否讀過(guò)或經(jīng)歷過(guò)類似的事情。）”說(shuō)明教授者要詢問(wèn)學(xué)生的閱讀喜好，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文“Havestudentssetapurposeforreadingbystatingwhattheywanttolearnfromthetext.（讓學(xué)生通過(guò)陳述他們想從課文中學(xué)到的東西來(lái)設(shè)定閱讀目的?！敝赋鰧W(xué)生在讀課文之前應(yīng)該通過(guò)陳述他們的想法來(lái)制定目標(biāo)。E選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)大聲分享你的想法來(lái)示范你的思維?！狈衔囊?。故選E項(xiàng)。18題詳解】上文“Teachstudentstomonitortheirowncomprehension.（教學(xué)生監(jiān)督自己的理解能力。）”該空要說(shuō)明具體做法。下文“Modelthesestrategiesforthestudents.（為學(xué)生示范這些策略。）”指出教導(dǎo)者要對(duì)學(xué)生起到示范作用。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他們遇到困難的部分時(shí)，教他們?nèi)绾瓮Ｏ聛?lái)，重讀，重讀，甚至向前讀。”符合文意，承上啟下。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“ReadingspecialistKyleneBeersdevelopedanactivityforactivelyinvolvingstudentsinreadingcalled"SaySomething."（閱讀專家KyleneBeers開發(fā)了一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生積極參與到閱讀中，名為“說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么”。）”指出了一項(xiàng)名為“說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么”的活動(dòng)，既然要“說(shuō)一些東西”，就要求學(xué)生們不僅要大聲讀出來(lái),還要說(shuō)一些跟所讀內(nèi)容有關(guān)的東西，如:對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容發(fā)表評(píng)論或提問(wèn)等。B選項(xiàng)“他們時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來(lái)，對(duì)課文發(fā)表評(píng)論或提出問(wèn)題?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Helpstudentsrelatetothetexttheyhavejustreadbyaskingthemifthesituationsoundsfamiliarorremindsthemofsomething.（幫助學(xué)生聯(lián)系他們剛剛讀過(guò)的課文，問(wèn)他們這個(gè)情況聽起來(lái)是否熟悉或是讓他們想起了什么。）”指出要幫助學(xué)生們把自己與所讀的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來(lái),詢問(wèn)學(xué)生們所讀的場(chǎng)景是否熟悉,是否讓他們回憶起了什么事,此舉是在鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們討論所讀內(nèi)容。G選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生討論課文?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共15題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Marilynmanagedtowalknofurtherwithherrecentkneeinjury.Ihadagood____21____tostaywithheratIrene’shome.TherestofourgroupwalkedbacktoCathie’stowaitsincewemetupwithCarlos’____22____tire.Thespareonewasanyhowalsoflat,soatriptothefarther-awaytownbecamea____23____,whichmeantabriefstaywithIreneandherdaughterLupita.____24____,neitherMarilynnorIspeakmuchSpanishandtheyspeaklittleEnglish.Itappearedasthoughwewereboundtopassan____25____periodoftime.Thingsattimesturnouttobenoworsethanexpected.Lupitashowedushowtomakearubberbandbracelet(手鏈).ShegaveMarilynandmeafewshehad____26____done.IsecretlytookoneofthebraceletsoffmywristintoLupita’sbagoffinishedones.WhileLupitawassenttothestore,whichwefoundoutlaterwastogetsomecheeseforlunch.ItaughtIrenehowtomakeapeacedove.Shewasaveryquicklearner.Eventhoughthewayofdealingwiththat____27____insidefoldstillconfusedher,shegotthe___28___ofitsoon.WhenLupitareturned,Irenewentuptheconcretestairtothekitchenarea,wherewecouldhearhermixing,pattingandfryingempanadas.Lupitastayedandkeptus____29____.Wemadeorigamidoves,heartsandevenalittledognamedPalomo—whichmeansdoveorpigeon.Invitedtoshareasimple,yetsogenerouslypreparedandsharedlunchofhomemadeempanadas,wesatatthetable,______30______thelanguageoffood,creativity,kindnessand______31______.Acocktookabreakfromits______32______outsidethebackdoor.Dovesthat______33______inthetreesshowedtheir______34______totheharmoniousscene,aswesharedamealofpeaceand______35______.21.A.intention B.suggestion C.reason D.will22.A.decorated B.flat C.unprepared D.genuine23.A.failure B.possibility C.adventure D.drea