英語學(xué)習(xí)(翻譯)

Conversion轉(zhuǎn)譯法ConversionAwordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage.1Usage

DifferentexpressioninEnglishandChineseForexample:verbsHeadmiresthePresident’sstateddecisiontofightforthejob.他對(duì)總統(tǒng)聲明為保住其職位而決心奮斗表示欽佩。2Example(1)ThegrowingawarenessbymillionsofAfricansoftheirextremelypoorandbackwardlivingconditionshaspromptedthemtotakeresolutemeasuresandcreatenewones.原譯：數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的非洲人對(duì)于他們非常貧窮落后的生活條件的日益覺醒促使他們采取堅(jiān)決的措施，創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。改譯：數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的非洲人已逐漸意識(shí)到他們的生活狀況異常貧窮落后，這就促使他們奮起采取堅(jiān)決的措施創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。

3examplesFormalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是以禮相待。Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時(shí)的情緒。ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney.總統(tǒng)為這次出訪作了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。

4WordsConvertedintoverbsConvertedintonounsConvertedintoadjectivesOthers5ConvertedintoverbsNoun---verbsPrep.---verbsAdj.---verbsAdv.---verbs6Nouns---verbsNounsderivedfromverbs(inpoliticalarticles)examples7examplesTheturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveupapromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic.我生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是我決定不做發(fā)跡有望的商人而專攻音樂。

Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeon-siteinspectionsoftheSovietstrategicarsenalandRussia’srefusal.到1972年為止，美蘇之間關(guān)于限制核軍備競賽的一切努力都在這一點(diǎn)上失敗了：美國堅(jiān)持有權(quán)視察蘇方戰(zhàn)略武器現(xiàn)場，而蘇聯(lián)則拒絕這樣做。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。8Nouns---verbsNounswiththemeaningofactionexamples9examplesAstheweekdrewtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快結(jié)束時(shí)，敵人徹底潰退了。Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。10Nouns---verbsgerundexamples11examplesOneofourwaysforgettingheatisburningfuels.我們獲得熱的一種方式是燃燒燃料。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.把水加熱不會(huì)改變水的化學(xué)成分。Theflowingofcurrentfirstinonedirectionandtheninanothermakesanalternatingcurrent.電流先向一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)，然后又向另一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)構(gòu)成交流電。12Nouns---verbsNounswith–er:teacher,thinkerNotrefertotheirprofessionsorcareersbuthavethemeaningofaction.examples13examplesIamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我未必會(huì)教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時(shí)，老人寬恕了年青人過去所干的壞事。Althoughhewasalwaysthe“background”brieferonforeignpolicyissues,hecouldneverbeidentifiedasanythingotherthan“aWhiteHouseofficial”or“ahighAdministrationsource.”雖然外交問題的“背景情況”總是由他介紹，但他仍只能稱為是“一位白宮官員”或“一位政府高級(jí)人士”。14MoreexamplesSheisawell-knownsinger.歌唱家Someofmyclass-matesaregoodsingers.我們班同學(xué)中有些人唱歌唱得很好。15Nouns---verbsNouns,assubjects,intheidiomseg.Tohavealook

at,tohavearest.examples16examplesTheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.他們最后看了鐵麥克一眼——它依然安然無恙地聳立在黑暗中。Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.下一個(gè)新聞節(jié)目比通常短，沒有提到游行。Agreatcloudrosefromthegroundandfollowedthetrailofthegreatsun.Atfirstitwasagiantcolumn,whichsoontooktheshapeofasupramundanemushroom.ForafleetinginstantittooktheformoftheStatueofLibertymagnifiedmanytimes.一朵龐大的煙云隨著一輪巨日從地面升起。它起初是個(gè)巨大的圓柱，很快形成了凌云駕空的大蘑菇，一瞬間又變成了一座擴(kuò)大了許多倍的自由神像。

17Prep.---verbsPrep.Withthemeaningofaction,eg.across,

past,toward

examples18examplesPartyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,by

dimlamps.黨的干部吃簡陋的飲食，住寒冷的窯洞，靠微弱的燈光，長時(shí)間地工作。Thecomputerisofhighsensibility.這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)具有很高的靈敏度。Machinepartsofirregularshapecanbewashedverycleanbyultrasonics.用超聲波能把形狀不規(guī)則的機(jī)件洗得很干凈。

19Adj.---verbsAdjectivesforconsciousness,feeling,desireForexamples:content,confident,certain,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,familiarexamples20examplesIfwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.如果我們不知道原子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們就不可能研究核子物理學(xué)。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能夠給我?guī)€(gè)信兒這件事就是個(gè)暗示。但是我必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。Theyarequitecontentwiththedataobtainedfromtheexperiment.他們十分滿足于實(shí)驗(yàn)中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)。21Adv.---verbsAdverbsusedaspredicativesorobjectcomplementsexamples22examplesAsheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去時(shí)，忘記了穿鞋子。Havetheoilingofthepartsthroughbeforethemachineisoperated.在開動(dòng)機(jī)器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完。Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind.經(jīng)過仔細(xì)研究后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)落后了。23ConvertedintonounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”examples24VerbsderivedfromnounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbscomingfromnounsexamples25VerbsderivedfromnounsThedevelopmentofscientificresearchinChinaischaracterizedbytheintegrationoftheorywithpractice.中國科學(xué)研究發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)是理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進(jìn)行，他成了他們受挫的象征，成了一切壞事的化身。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他們看來，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)威的化身。26VerbscomingfromnounsIntheearlydawn,theguardtowersweresilhouettedagainstthesky.黎明時(shí)，天空映出了嘹望塔的輪廓。MostU.S.spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth’satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.美國絕大多數(shù)間諜衛(wèi)星，按其設(shè)計(jì)，是在完成使命后，在大氣層中焚毀。SomeofthemwerealreadyplanningtostaffaHumphreyAdministrationintheeventtheDemocraticcandidatewonanelection.他們中間有些人，已經(jīng)在為民主黨候選人一旦獲勝后的漢弗萊政府計(jì)劃人事安排。27Verbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”

examples28examplesSnowwastreated

veryshabbilybytheU.S.pressandofficialdomduringthisperiod,victimizedforhisviews.在這期間，斯諾受到了美國新聞界和政界極不公正的對(duì)待，由于他的觀點(diǎn)，他受到了迫害。Throwatennisballonthefloor.Theballbouncesback.Inthesameway,whenlightfallsoncertainthingsitbouncesback.Whenthishappens,thelightissaidtobereflected.將網(wǎng)球扔到地板上，球會(huì)彈回來。同樣，光照到某些物體上時(shí)也會(huì)彈回來。這種情況叫做光受到反射。Satellites,however,mustbecloselywatched,fortheyareconstantlybeingtuggedatbythegravitationalattractionofthesun,moonandearth.由于經(jīng)常受到太陽、月亮和地球引力的影響，衛(wèi)星活動(dòng)必須加以密切的觀察。29Adj.---nounsThe+adj.:thesick病號(hào),thepoor窮人theold,theinfirm,theill,theveryyoung老、弱、病、幼者。Othersexamples30examplesHewaseloquentandelegant-----butsoft.他有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱。TheWildefamilywerereligious.王爾德全家都是虔誠的教徒。Theyareconsideredinsincere.他們被認(rèn)為是偽君子。31Convertedintoadj.Nounsderivedfromadj.Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicativesadverbs32Nounsderivedfromadj.Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時(shí)的情緒。Thesecurityandthewarmthofthedestroyer’ssickbaywerewonderful.驅(qū)逐艦的病室很安全也很溫暖，好極了。HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.他同邦迪談了一會(huì)兒，他提出的問題反映出他有很大的懷疑。33Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicatives

Heisastranger

totheoperationoftheelectroniccomputer.他對(duì)電子計(jì)算機(jī)的操作是陌生的。Theblockadewasasuccess.封鎖很成功。Independencethinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是絕對(duì)必要的。34adverbsAsverbsareconvertedintonounsinChinese,theadverbsmodifyingverbsturnintoadjectives.examples35examplesInscienceandengineering,itisofgreatimportancetostatethelawsandprinciplesaccurately.工程學(xué)方面，定律和原理的正確敘述非常重要。Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersaffectstremendouslythedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展有極大的影響。36adverbsTheadverbsbeforeoraftertheverbs,whichinmeaningareusedastheattributive,canbetranslatedintoChineseasadjectives.examples37examplesThepowerplantsuppliestheinhabitantssixtyli

aboutwithelectricity.這個(gè)電廠供電給周圍六十里的居民。Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物大部分是現(xiàn)代化的。38OtherwordsAdj.&adv.Nouns&adv.39Adj.&adv.Whenthenounisconvertedintoverb,theadjectivemodifyingthenouncanbetranslatedintoadverbinChinese.Eg.

Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflightningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.偶爾下一點(diǎn)毛毛雨，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使得我們不時(shí)憂慮地朝著零區(qū)方向望去。40Adj.&adv.WhentheverbturnsintonouninChinese,theadverbmodifyingtheverbcanbeconvertedintotheadjective.Eg:He

routinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他跟另一個(gè)地勤人員進(jìn)行了例行的無線電聯(lián)絡(luò)。41Adj.&adv.ThedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish.Eg:Thisissheer

nonsense.這完全是胡說。Hewasinaclear

minority.他顯然屬于少數(shù)。42Nounsandadv.Nounsconvertedintoadverbsexamples43examplesWhenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對(duì)他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。

Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。44Nounsandadv.Adverbsconvertedintonounsexamples45examplesHeisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身體雖弱，但思想健康。

Theyhavenotdonesowellideologically,however,asorganizationally.但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。46exercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.Hehasalreadymademention

ofthematterinhisspeech.Upthestreettheywent,

past

stores,across

abroadsquare,andthenenteredahugebuilding.47exercisesTheyweresuspiciousandresentful

ofhim.Thesuccessfulfishermenofthatdaywerealreadyin.OnthatdaytheywereescortedtotheGreatWallofChina.Hisimageasagoodstudentwasbadlytarnished.Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf.48exercisesIrecognizedthe

absurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.Warmdiscussionsaroseoneverycornerastohisachievements.I’veoftenwondered,intheyearssince,whetherImadetherightchoice.Thesunrose

thinlyfromthesea.Hehadthekindness

toshowmetheway.49answers讀一點(diǎn)世界史，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助的。在走過市區(qū)的時(shí)候，她們看見領(lǐng)救濟(jì)食物的人排著長隊(duì)。他倒是不抽煙，但他爸爸卻一支又一支不停地抽。他在講演中曾提到過這件事。他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過許多商店，穿過一個(gè)大廣場，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈。50answers他們不信任他，討厭他。那天交好運(yùn)的漁人們都已回來。他們那天和陪同人員去參觀中國的長城。他作為一個(gè)好學(xué)生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。他們將為盲人和聾人修建一所學(xué)校。51answers我認(rèn)識(shí)到，通過中間人跟他們打交道是愚蠢的。到處在熱烈地討論他的成就。究竟我這樣做是作對(duì)了呢，還是作錯(cuò)了？幾年來，我經(jīng)常在納悶。淡淡的太陽從海上升起。他好意地給我指路。52ExercisesandanswersTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.讀一點(diǎn)世界史，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助的。Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines.