陸上地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)規(guī)程

陸上地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)規(guī)程范圍本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了陸上地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)和成果驗(yàn)收要求。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于陸上地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理和成果驗(yàn)收。規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件中的條款通過(guò)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的引用而成為本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其隨后所有的修改單（不包括勘誤的內(nèi)容）或修訂版均不適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，然而，鼓勵(lì)根據(jù)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)成協(xié)議的各方研究是否可使用這些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。SY/T5314地震資料采集技術(shù)規(guī)程SY/T5453-1996地震數(shù)據(jù)處理成果帶存檔記錄格式SY/T5769陸上地震采集輔助數(shù)據(jù)格式SY/T629fi陸上三維地震勘探輔助數(shù)據(jù)格式準(zhǔn)備工作野外原始資料的接收送交用于數(shù)據(jù)處理的野外原始資料包括：地震數(shù)據(jù)磁帶、輔助數(shù)據(jù)（儀器班報(bào)、野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)，觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)和測(cè)囊成果）和其他相關(guān)資料。地震數(shù)據(jù)磁帶、輔助數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)符合SY/T5314的要求。地震數(shù)據(jù)磁帶接線（束）檢查與接收野外磁帶。野外磁帶應(yīng)無(wú)明顯受損，磁帶記錄格式應(yīng)符合SEG格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，每盤(pán)磁帶標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容應(yīng)與儀器班報(bào)相吻合。磁帶標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容包括；工區(qū)、施工隊(duì)號(hào)、施工日期、線（束）號(hào)、帶盤(pán)號(hào)、起止文件號(hào)、記錄格式、記錄長(zhǎng)度和采樣率。輔助數(shù)據(jù)按SY/T6290或SY/T5769記錄的輔助數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。未接SY/T6290或SY/T5769記錄的輔助數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)符合下列要求，a）儀器班報(bào)：儀器班報(bào)內(nèi)容齊全，準(zhǔn)確，字跡清晰可辨，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：工區(qū)名稱、施工隊(duì)號(hào)、施工日期、震源類(lèi)型、儀器型號(hào)、線（束）號(hào)、文件號(hào)及地震記錄采集有關(guān)參數(shù)等。采用可控震源施工的儀器班報(bào)除應(yīng)符合上述要求外，還應(yīng)含有相關(guān)記錄班報(bào)內(nèi)容的磁帶盤(pán)號(hào)、文件號(hào)、記錄格式、記錄長(zhǎng)度、采樣率及掃描信號(hào)參數(shù)等。b） 觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)：觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)正確，標(biāo)注清楚。三維每束線的激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)位置平面圖（圖上應(yīng)標(biāo)注清楚測(cè)站號(hào)和每個(gè)激發(fā)點(diǎn)所在位置的野外文件號(hào)，特別應(yīng)標(biāo)注清楚可恢復(fù)性激發(fā)點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)確位置）及激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)測(cè)量坐標(biāo)。c）野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)：野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容齊全，能準(zhǔn)確讀取。當(dāng)野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)是校正到統(tǒng)一基準(zhǔn)面上的每個(gè)激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)的靜校正量時(shí)，應(yīng)提供靜校正量“正”、“負(fù)”號(hào)的含義；當(dāng)野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)不是校正到統(tǒng)一基準(zhǔn)面上的每個(gè)激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)的靜校正量時(shí)，應(yīng)提供激發(fā)點(diǎn)和接收點(diǎn)的高程、井深和T值、統(tǒng)一基準(zhǔn)面高程知替換速度、低降速帶厚度和速度等資料。d）測(cè)量成果：測(cè)量成果應(yīng)正確無(wú)誤，可準(zhǔn)確讀取，測(cè)線圖應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)激發(fā)點(diǎn)和接收點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)繪制。其他相關(guān)資料包括地震勘探部署圖和施工設(shè)計(jì)圖（一般比例為1：25000）、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)處理剖面、以往處理的剖面、地震剖面檔案卡以及相關(guān)的地質(zhì)、鉆井、測(cè)量資料。處理人員準(zhǔn)備工作處理人員應(yīng)了解施工情況：明確地質(zhì)任務(wù)和處理要求．處理技術(shù)要求數(shù)據(jù)解編或格式轉(zhuǎn)換將地震數(shù)據(jù)格式正確解編或轉(zhuǎn)換為地震數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)使用的數(shù)據(jù)格式。顯示單炮記錄，檢查數(shù)據(jù)解編或格式轉(zhuǎn)換的正確性。對(duì)于未相關(guān)的可控震源地震數(shù)據(jù)，在互相關(guān)前，顯示少量單炮記錄全部通道（包括輔助道所在通道）的數(shù)據(jù)，確認(rèn)掃描信號(hào)所在的通道號(hào)，顯示全部掃描信號(hào)，確定其可用性。觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義激發(fā)點(diǎn)和接收點(diǎn)定義應(yīng)與野外施工記錄的實(shí)際情況相符合。繪制二維測(cè)線觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)圖，繪制三維觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)平面位置圖.cmp面元覆蓋次數(shù)圖和最小、最大炮檢距圖，其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合野外施工實(shí)際情況。應(yīng)用線性校正或其他方法檢查觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義的正確性。極性規(guī)定若記錄初至下跳（負(fù)值），稱為正常極性；反之，稱為反正常極性。數(shù)據(jù)處理中通常使用正常極性。對(duì)于沒(méi)有明確提供極性信息的測(cè)線，應(yīng)放大顯示少許單炮記錄初至，鑒定其極性。對(duì)反正常極性記錄應(yīng)進(jìn)行反極性處理。在成果剖面標(biāo)簽中應(yīng)標(biāo)注清楚數(shù)據(jù)道的極性。若無(wú)特別聲明，老資料重新處理，其極性應(yīng)與老剖面所展示的極性相一致。彎曲測(cè)線處理4.4.1合理選擇拐點(diǎn)和CMP面元的位置、條帶數(shù)及縱橫向跨度，充分利用地震信息，使CMP面元的覆蓋次數(shù)、炮檢距分布盡可能均勻。4.4.2繪制帶有激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)和CMP面元條帶等信息的平面位置圖和CMP面元覆蓋次數(shù)、炮槍距分布圖，按4.4.1的規(guī)定檢查執(zhí)行情況。疊前去噪剔除不正常的炮、道和異常振幅值。壓制強(qiáng)面波和其他噪聲．顯示部分單炮記錄，對(duì)比檢查去噪效果。噪聲衰減后的地震數(shù)據(jù)，信噪比應(yīng)有提高，波組特征清楚，去掉的噪聲數(shù)據(jù)中無(wú)明顯有效信號(hào)。振幅補(bǔ)償和反褶積地震記錄經(jīng)振幅補(bǔ)償處理后，淺、中、深層的能量應(yīng)基本均衡，同時(shí)應(yīng)消除炮間和道間明顯的能量差異。地震記錄經(jīng)反褶積后應(yīng)達(dá)到壓縮地震子波、提高地震記錄分辨率的目的。靜校正應(yīng)用野外靜校正量時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查和核對(duì)激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)的平面位置及高程等數(shù)據(jù)。繪制靜校正量平面圖，應(yīng)分析其變化趨勢(shì)和異常靜校正值，糾正不合理的異常值。野外靜校正量應(yīng)用效果不好時(shí)，應(yīng)采用其他方法進(jìn)行靜校正量計(jì)算，并與野外靜校正量對(duì)比應(yīng)用效果。剩余靜校正的計(jì)算時(shí)窗應(yīng)選在反射品質(zhì)較好的地震層位上。剩余靜校正后的剖面質(zhì)量不低于剩余靜校正前的剖面。剩余靜校正后求取的最終靜校正值，不應(yīng)大于一個(gè)處理采樣間隔。二維區(qū)塊測(cè)線處理應(yīng)做交點(diǎn)靜校正閉合檢查。速度分析4.8.1二維數(shù)據(jù)速度分析點(diǎn)每500m一個(gè)，三維數(shù)據(jù)速度分析點(diǎn)網(wǎng)格為(500X500)m2,并應(yīng)根據(jù)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造情況合理調(diào)整速度分析點(diǎn)的密度。4.8.2速度分析點(diǎn)使用的CMP求和個(gè)數(shù)合理，并應(yīng)盡量包含各種不同炮檢距的道。切除參數(shù)正確，速度掃描范圍應(yīng)大于實(shí)際資料存在的速度范圍。速度拾取應(yīng)可靠，空間變化合理。要注意分辨多次波在速度譜上的表現(xiàn)特征，以利于衰減多次波。當(dāng)速度譜質(zhì)量差．難以確定準(zhǔn)確速度時(shí)，應(yīng)做常速掃描。4.8.5應(yīng)顯示等速度剖面圖、速度分析點(diǎn)上動(dòng)校正后的CMP求和大道集和疊加剖面，以進(jìn)一步檢查和修改速度。傾角時(shí)差校正(DMO)4.9.CMP角時(shí)差校正速度分析除應(yīng)符合4.8的規(guī)定要求外，用于速度分析的道集應(yīng)為傾角時(shí)差校正后的CMP道集。傾角時(shí)差校正應(yīng)用的偏移孔徑應(yīng)根據(jù)炮檢距、反射時(shí)間、動(dòng)校正速度和地層傾角確定，一般小于最大炮檢距的三分之二；其傾角應(yīng)大于實(shí)際資料存在的最大傾角。傾角時(shí)差校正后的疊加剖面上的斷面波、繞射以及同一部位不同傾角的反射波等的質(zhì)量不低于傾角時(shí)差校正前的成像效果。4.10水平疊加根據(jù)排列長(zhǎng)度，選用合適的動(dòng)校正方法。4.10.2切除參數(shù)正確，疊加速度場(chǎng)合理。最終疊加剖面的質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)于中間過(guò)程的疊加剖面。疊后時(shí)間偏移4.11.1做好偏移算法和速度場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)，根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果確定偏移算法和偏移速度場(chǎng)。當(dāng)?shù)貙觾A角較大，偏移可能產(chǎn)生假頻時(shí)，應(yīng)做地震道內(nèi)插。偏移后的成果剖面，同相軸歸位合理、斷點(diǎn)清晰、競(jìng)空間假頻及影響地震解釋的畫(huà)弧現(xiàn)象。地震屬性處理地震屬性處理包括：——擬波阻抗反演；——亮點(diǎn)剖面；——瞬時(shí)振幅；——瞬時(shí)頻率；——瞬時(shí)相位；――振幅一炮檢距分析(AVO)。資料要求。擬波阻抗轉(zhuǎn)換：相對(duì)振幅保持的高分辨率、高信噪比的偏移數(shù)據(jù)集。經(jīng)過(guò)地質(zhì)解釋的偏移剖面。若為二維區(qū)塊測(cè)線處理，還應(yīng)提供水平疊加剖面、交點(diǎn)和井位坐標(biāo)，以便檢查解釋層位在交點(diǎn)處的閉合情況。工區(qū)內(nèi)的平均速度曲線或地震測(cè)井曲線。以目的層構(gòu)造圖為背景的測(cè)線平面位置圖。綜合測(cè)井曲線和綜合錄井圖。綜合測(cè)井曲線應(yīng)包含聲波測(cè)井曲線和密度測(cè)井曲線。聲波測(cè)井曲線和密度測(cè)井曲線應(yīng)經(jīng)過(guò)井徑校正和環(huán)境校正，采樣間隔一般在0.25m?l.OOm之間。亮點(diǎn)剖面、瞬時(shí)振(AVO)頻率、瞬時(shí)相位處理應(yīng)提供相對(duì)振幅保持處理的偏移數(shù)據(jù)集。振幅一炮檢距分析(AVO):標(biāo)明AVO研究目標(biāo)區(qū)的精細(xì)解釋剖面。地層傾角較大時(shí)，應(yīng)提供DMO后或疊前偏移后的道集。做正演模型時(shí)，還應(yīng)提供聲波測(cè)井曲線、密度測(cè)井曲線以及工區(qū)內(nèi)的VSP資料。有條件者還應(yīng)提供橫波測(cè)井曲線。4.12.3技術(shù)要求。擬波阻抗轉(zhuǎn)換:檢查地震數(shù)據(jù)和地震剖面的極性，明確地震記錄極性與地下界面反射系數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。合成記錄與地震剖面上井旁地震道基本吻合。振幅標(biāo)定合理。低頻分量在縱向上變化趨勢(shì)與標(biāo)定井的聲波測(cè)井曲線求得的低頻分量應(yīng)基本一致，橫向變化趨勢(shì)與構(gòu)造形態(tài)基本吻合。二維區(qū)模擬波阻抗轉(zhuǎn)換低頻分量在測(cè)線交點(diǎn)處應(yīng)閉合。主要目的層的井旁道摹擬波阻抗曲線應(yīng)與聲波測(cè)井曲線計(jì)算的波阻抗曲線基本匹配。亮點(diǎn)剖面振幅背景在縱、橫向上基本均衡，振幅異常突出．瞬時(shí)振幅、瞬時(shí)頻率、瞬時(shí)相位：在做變換前應(yīng)檢查輸入數(shù)據(jù)的相對(duì)振幅保持關(guān)系。振幅一炮檢距分析(AVO):AVO處理時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮反射振幅隨炮檢距方向的變化及補(bǔ)償方法。利用工區(qū)的測(cè)井和VSP資料提取AVO正演模型所需的參數(shù)，模擬含油、含氣、含水地層上下界面以及油、氣、水界面的AVO曲線特征。根據(jù)目的層的深度和炮檢距分布范圍，選取反射角度范圍，形成合理的角道集。選擇合理的計(jì)算方法，輸出AVO分析成果。4.12.4彩色顯示要求。根據(jù)所能達(dá)到的分辨率及突出目的層的原則，選擇色調(diào)柔和、對(duì)比度鮮明、異常突出的色標(biāo)組合進(jìn)行彩色顯示。瞬時(shí)相位剖面宜用三種色彩顯示。亮點(diǎn)彩色顯示剖面整體色調(diào)柔和、異常體突出。修飾性處理對(duì)疊加和偏移后的數(shù)據(jù)，可適當(dāng)進(jìn)行提高信噪比和分辨率處理。提高信噪比處理后的剖面，不模糊斷點(diǎn)，且無(wú)明顯的“蚯蚓化”或“炕席”現(xiàn)象。4.13.3提高分辨率處理后的削面，波組特征清楚，同時(shí)保持需要的信噪比，4.14濾波和增益顯示4.14.1采用保留數(shù)據(jù)集有效頻寬的濾波參數(shù)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行濾波。4.14.2增益顯示后的最終成果剖面，有效波反射同相軸波組特征清楚，有利于地震資料解釋。4.l5最終成果剖面顯示最終成果剖面上應(yīng)標(biāo)注有正確的剖面標(biāo)簽，內(nèi)容通常包括:——用戶名稱；——工區(qū)；——測(cè)線名稱和測(cè)線方向；——剖面類(lèi)別；——采集參數(shù)；——處理流程和基本參數(shù)；——數(shù)據(jù)處理單位和處理系統(tǒng)名稱；——CMP號(hào)、樁號(hào)；——速度函數(shù)；——覆蓋次數(shù)；——地表高程、基準(zhǔn)面高程、靜校正量；——測(cè)線交點(diǎn)和過(guò)井井號(hào)；——極性說(shuō)明；——顯示比例；——處理員、檢驗(yàn)員；——處理日期。通常CMP號(hào)、樁號(hào)、速度函數(shù)、測(cè)線交點(diǎn)和過(guò)井井號(hào)、地表高程、基準(zhǔn)面高程、靜校正量位于剖面上方，覆蓋次數(shù)位于剖面下方，其他參數(shù)集中放在一起，位于削面的左邊或右邊。試驗(yàn)和質(zhì)量控制試驗(yàn)在工區(qū)范圍內(nèi)，選擇具有代表性的地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行試處理。試處理至少應(yīng)包括以下項(xiàng)目：——振幅補(bǔ)償；——反褶積；——靜校正；——疊前去噪；——切除；——偏移速度場(chǎng)；——偏移方法；——濾波和增益。地震屬性處理時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行屬性處理方法和參數(shù)試驗(yàn)．對(duì)比分析試驗(yàn)資料，選擇最佳處理方法和參數(shù)，確定最佳處理流程。質(zhì)量控制在地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理中，每完成一步作業(yè)，都應(yīng)認(rèn)真檢查作業(yè)運(yùn)行文件、質(zhì)量控制圖件和中間成果，確保生產(chǎn)中使用的處理方法正確、參數(shù)合理，作業(yè)運(yùn)行正常，達(dá)到第4章規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)要求。處理成果地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理的最終成果一般包括：最終疊加的純波數(shù)據(jù)和成果數(shù)據(jù)。最終偏移的純波數(shù)據(jù)和成果數(shù)據(jù)。疊加和偏移速度場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。三維處理網(wǎng)格圖或網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)。彎曲測(cè)線處理應(yīng)提供最終成果剖面的坐標(biāo)及有關(guān)圖件。地震屬性處理成果：——波阻抗彩色剖面或數(shù)據(jù)；——亮點(diǎn)彩色剖面或數(shù)據(jù)；——瞬時(shí)振幅、瞬時(shí)頻率、瞬時(shí)相位彩色剖面或數(shù)據(jù)；——AVO處理成果［一般包括帶有棒狀圖的角道集、包絡(luò)差剖面、P波剖面、S波剖面、梯度(G)剖面、泊松比變化率(血)剖面、P與G乘積剖面］彩色剖面或數(shù)據(jù)。處理報(bào)告應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：——項(xiàng)目概況；——地質(zhì)任務(wù)和處理要求；——完成處理工作量及起止日期；——原始資料情況分析；——試處理的主要內(nèi)容及參數(shù)分析；——處理過(guò)程中遇到的問(wèn)題及解決辦法；——應(yīng)用的處理流程及效果分析；——存在的問(wèn)題及建議。成果驗(yàn)收驗(yàn)收方式地震數(shù)據(jù)處理成果可采用分階段驗(yàn)收或最終稿驗(yàn)收方式。7.2驗(yàn)收內(nèi)容處理過(guò)程驗(yàn)收二維測(cè)線全部檢查，三維測(cè)線不少于總束線數(shù)的20%，檢查內(nèi)容包括：觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義后的原始單炮線性校正資料。二維彎曲測(cè)線帶有激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)位置的CMP平面分布圖。三維工區(qū)激發(fā)點(diǎn)、接收點(diǎn)平面位置圖和最大、最小炮檢距圖。三維工區(qū)CMP面元分布圖和覆蓋次數(shù)圖。二維測(cè)線初疊加、靜校正疊加結(jié)果。三維速度控制網(wǎng)格線上的初疊如、靜校正疊加效果。g）三維偏移速度場(chǎng)速度剖面或速度切片圖。最終成果驗(yàn)收最終成果驗(yàn)收內(nèi)容包括：a）二維地震數(shù)據(jù)處理最終疊加、偏移顯示剖面和成果數(shù)據(jù)。b）三維地震數(shù)據(jù)處理最終疊獅、偏移顯示剖面和成果數(shù)據(jù)。c）地震屬性處理相關(guān)圖件及成果數(shù)據(jù)。d）疊加及偏移速度場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。e）處理報(bào)告。成果質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)地震數(shù)據(jù)處理成果剖面量評(píng)價(jià)地震數(shù)據(jù)處理成果剖面質(zhì)量按一級(jí)品、二級(jí)品、不合格品評(píng)價(jià)。一級(jí)品剖面應(yīng)滿足：a）處理流程合理，參數(shù)選擇符合工區(qū)的地震地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，成果剖面波組特征清楚，偏移剖面上地震有效波歸位合理，繞射波收斂、斷點(diǎn)清楚，無(wú)空間假頻及嚴(yán)童的畫(huà)弧現(xiàn)象，信噪比和分辨率能滿足地震解釋需要（由于地下地質(zhì)原因或原始資料質(zhì)量造成的除外）。b）觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義正確。c）野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用正確。d） 道編輯準(zhǔn)確、切除參數(shù)合理。e） 速度譜解釋正確，疊加速度合理并有動(dòng)校正后的道集驗(yàn)證資料。f）成果剖面標(biāo)簽符合4.15的規(guī)定。二級(jí)品剖面應(yīng)滿足：a） 處理流程合理，參數(shù)選擇符合工區(qū)的地震地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，成果J面上主要勘探目的層波組特征清楚，偏移剖面上同相軸歸位基本合理，無(wú)明顯空間假頻及嚴(yán)重的畫(huà)弧現(xiàn)象，信噪比和分辨率基本達(dá)到地震解釋需要（由于地下地質(zhì)原因或原始資料質(zhì)量造成的除外）。b） 觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義正確。c） 野外靜校正數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用錯(cuò)誤引起的靜校正景誤差小于2個(gè)處理采樣間隔。d） 速度譜解釋正確，疊加速度、切除參數(shù)基本合理，井有動(dòng)校正后的道集驗(yàn)證資料。e） 成果剖面標(biāo)簽基本符合4.15的規(guī)定，允許有少量不影響使用的不符合規(guī)定的標(biāo)簽。達(dá)不到所規(guī)定的任一條件者均為不合格品．地震屬性處理成果質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)地震屬性處理成果質(zhì)量按合格品、不合格品評(píng)價(jià)。合格品：處理流程正確，參數(shù)選擇合理。成果顯示符合4.12.4規(guī)定的有關(guān)要求。處理成果齊全。不合格品：達(dá)不到所規(guī)定的任一條件者均為不合格品。存檔存檔的處理成果存檔的處理成果包括：——最終疊加和偏移的純波(未做濾波和增益)數(shù)據(jù)磁帶或其他存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)；——最終疊加和偏移的濾波和增益數(shù)據(jù)磁帶或其他存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)；——疊加及偏移速度場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)磁帶或其他存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)；——處理報(bào)告和驗(yàn)收意見(jiàn)書(shū)。存檔磁帶標(biāo)簽存檔的磁帶盤(pán)上應(yīng)粘貼牢固的標(biāo)簽。標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容通常包括：用戶單位，工區(qū)、線號(hào)或區(qū)間、成果類(lèi)型、處理道長(zhǎng)和采樣率、記錄格式、處理單位、處理員或項(xiàng)目組、處理日期。如果一條線記多盤(pán)帶時(shí)，還應(yīng)標(biāo)有順序號(hào)。標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容填寫(xiě)要字跡工整、清晰可辨讀，并可長(zhǎng)期保存。存檔磁帶檢查存檔前對(duì)成果磁帶的標(biāo)簽和記錄內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一致性檢查，確保存檔成果正確。存檔磁帶格式最終疊加和偏移成果的存檔磁帶采用SY/T5453-1996中第4章規(guī)定的SEG-Y記錄格式。ICS75.180.10E11Ref.No:16448-2005SYThePeople'sRepublicofChinaStandardofPetroleumandNaturalGasIndustrySY/T5332-2005ReplaceSY/T5332-1997,SY/T5512-1996SY/T5513-2003,SY/T6441-2000Technicalspecificationsforlandseismic

explorationdataprocessingIssuedDate:07-26-2005ImplementationDate:11-01-2005IssuedbytheStateDevelopmentandReformCommission,P.R.CContentsForeword???????????????????????????12Scope????????????????????????????13Normativereference?????????????????????13Preparations????????????????????????13Processingtechnicalrequirements??????????????14Testprocessing&qualitycontrol??????????????18Dataprocessingresults???????????????????18Auditingandacceptance???????????????????18Archiving??????????????????????????20ForewordThemaincontentrevisedinthisversionisasfollowing:Thisstandardisbasedon,andtoyintegrationof,thefollowingfourformerstandards:SY/T5332-1997TechnicalSpecificationsforland2DseismicdataProcessing,SY/T5512-1996TechnicalspecificationsforseismicdataspecialProcessing,SY/T5513-2003Technicalspecificationsforland3DseismicdataProcessingandSY/T6441-2000SpecificationsfortheauditingandacceptanceoftheresultsofseismicdataProcessingThisstandardincludesallthetechnicalspecificationsrangingfromacceptanceoforiginaldatatoauditing&acceptanceofprocessingresultsandarchiving.Thechapterarrangementhasbeenchangedconsiderablytocomplywiththecontents.SpecialProcessinginformerstandardSY/T55121996hasbeenrevisedasSeismicattributesprocessingandnowisinchapterProcessingtechnicalrequirements.ProcessingresultsandqualityevaluationinformerstandardSY/T5332-1997andSY/T5313-2003hasbeenrevisedasprocessingresults,whilethecontentsonqualityevaluationareincludedinchapterAuditingandacceptance.Experiments&inspectionisrevisedasTestprocessingandqualitycontrol.Insteadofbeinganindependentchapter,specificationsonprocessingreportareincludedinchapterProcessingresults.Oneortwoclausesontherequirementsofprocessingtechniqueshavebeenrevisedasrequired.Thisstandardwasproposedby,andisunderthejurisdictionof,thePetroleumGeophysicalStandardizationCommittee.ThisstandardwasdraftedbyGeophysicalResearchInstitute,BGP,CNPC.ThisstandardwasmainlydraftedbyChenDianqing,DaiXiaoyunandCaiJiamingSincethedayitisissued,Theformerstandardsreplacedbyhisstandardare:-SY5332-92,SY/T5332-19971-SY/T5512-92,SY/T5512-1996-SY/T5513-92,SY/T5513-1996andSY/T5513-2003-SY/T6441-2000ThisstandardispublishedinbothChineseandEnglish.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetexts,theChineseversionshallprevail.TechnicalspecificationsforlandseismicexplorationdataprocessingScopeThisstandardspecifiestherequirementsforlandseismicdataprocessingtechniquesandtheauditingandacceptanceofprocessingresults.Thisstandardisapplicabletolandseismicdataprocessingandtheauditingandacceptanceofprocessingresults.NormativereferencesThefollowingnonnativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferencesinthisstandard,constituteprovisionsofthisstandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublications(excludeerrata)donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisstandardareencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.SY/T5314TechnicalspecificationofseismicdataacquisitionSY/T5453-1996TaperecordformatforarchivingseismicdataProcessingresultsSY/T5769AuxiliarydataformatoflandseismicdataacquisitionSY/T6290SPSformatofland3DseismicdataacquisitionPreparationsAcceptanceoforiginalfielddataanddocumentsTheoriginalfielddataanddocumentsdeliveredforprocessingincludetapeswithseismicdata,auxiliarydata(observer'slog,fieldstaticsdata,geometry,andsurveyingdata)andotherrelateddocuments,TapeswithseismicdataandauxiliarydatashouldbeapplicabletotherequirementsofSY/T53SeismicdatatapesFielddatatapesshallbecheckedandacceptedaccordingtolinesorswaths.Fielddatatapesshouldhavenoobviousdamagedappearance,andthetaperecordingformatshouldbeinaccordancewiththestandardofSEGformat,contentsontapelabelsshouldbeconsistentwithobserver'slogs,whichincludessurveyarea,crewnumber,date,lineorswathnumber,tapeorreelnumber,startandendrecordingfilenumber,recordingformat,recordinglengthandsamplingrate.AuxiliarydataTheauxiliarydatarecordedaccordingtothestandardSY/T62900rSY/T5769shallmeetthecorrespondingrequirements.TheauxiliarydatarecordedwithoutconformingtothestandardSY/T62900rSY/T5769shallmeetthefollowingrequirements:Obsever'slogs:Contentsinobserver'slogmustbecompleteandaccuratewithclearhandwritings.Thecontentsshouldincludeprojectarea,crewnumher,date,sourcetype,instrumentsystem,lineorswathnumber,recordingfilenumberaswellasparametersassociatedwithseismicdataacquisition.Besidestherequirementsabove,logswithvibratorsourceshouldalsoincludetapenumber,filenumber,recordingformat,recordinglength,samplingrateandsweepparameters.Geometry:Geometrymustbecorrectwithclearremarks.For3-Dseismicdataacquisition.eachswathmustincludethemapwithshotsandreceivers'locationsandthesurveycoordinatesofeveryshotandreceiver.Thestationnumberandthefieldfilenumbercorrespondingtoeachshotlocation,especiallytheaccuratelocationsoftherecoverableshotpoints,shouldbeclearlymarkedonthemap.Fieldstaticsdata:FieldstaticsdatamustbecompleteandcorrectlyreadableWhenfieldstaticsareusedtoadjustshotsandreceiverstoaunifieddatum,themeaningofthesignofstaticsmustbedeclared；otherwise,itisnecessarytoprovideelevationsofallshotsandreceivers,holedepth,up-holetimeTtime),elevationoftheunifieddatum,replacingvelocityaswe兒asthethicknessandvelocityofweatheredlayers.Surveyingdata:Surveyingdatamustbecorrectandeasilyreadable.Thelinelocationmapshouldbebasedoncoordinatesofshotpointsandreceiverpointssurveyed.3.1.30therrelateddocumentsSeismicexplorationdeploymentmapandoperationdesigningmap(Usuallyonthescaleofl:25000),On-sitedataprocessingsections,legacysections,seismicsectionarchivingfilesandtherelatedgeological,drillingandloggingdocuments.Processors'preparationsProcessorsshouldhavetheknowledgeofthefieldoperations.andclearlyknowthegeologicaltasksandtherequirementsforthedataprocessing.ProcessingtechnicalrequirementsDatademultiplexingorformattransform4.1.1Fielddatashallbetransformedtotheformatusedbytheseismicdataprocessingsystemthroughcorrectdemultiplexingorformattransform.4.1.2Shotrecordsshallbedisplayedtocheckandmakesurethatdernultiplexingorformattransformiscorrect.4.1.3Beforethecorrelationofvibroseisseismicdata,thedatafromallchannels(includeauxiliarychannels)ofafewshotrecordsshallbedisplayedtoverifythechannelforsweepingsignals.Allsweepingsignalsshallbedisplayedtoconfirmtheirapplicability.Geometrydefinition4.2.1Thedefinitionofshotpointsandreceiverpointsshouldbeinaccordancewiththelogsrecordedinfieldoperations.2-Dgeometrymapshallbeplotted;3-Dgeometrymapwithlocationsofshotpointsandreceiverpointsmarkedshallbeplotted;CMPfoldmapandminimum&maximumoffsetmapshallbeplotted.Allmapsshouldbeinaccordancewiththefieldoperations.4.2.3Linearmoveoutorothermethodsshallbeappliedtomakesurethatthegeometrydefinitioniscorrect.Polaritydefinition4.3.1Ifthefirstbreakstartswithnegativevalue,itisdefinedasnormalpolarity.Otherwiseitisdefinedasreversepolarity.Normalpolarityisusuallyusedindataprocessing.43.2Ifnodefinitepolarityinformationisprovidedforsurveylines,thezoomedpicturesoffirstbreaksofafewshotrecordsshouldbeviewedfordeterminitionofthepolarity.Thereversepolarityofdatashouldbereversedtonormalbeforedataprocessing.Thepolarityoftracesshouldbeclearlymarkedonthelabelsoffinalsections.4.3.3Unlesswithspecialdeclaration,thepo1arityofnewlyprocessedsectionsoflegacydatashouldbeinaccordance；withthatoflegacyones.Dataprocessingofcrookedlines4.4.10ptimalturningpoints,CMPlocations,numberofstripsandspaninlengthandbreadthshallbeselected,seismicdatashallbeappliedfully,andthefoldofCMPcellsanddistributionofoffsetsshouldbeasuniformaspossible.4.4.2Themapwithinformationofshotpoints,receiverpointsandCMPcellstripsaswellasfoldsofCMPcellsanddistributionofoffsetsshallbeplotted.Theimplementationofrequirementsstipulatedinclause4.4.1shallbeexamined.Noiseattenuationforpre-stackdataAbnormalshotrecords,tracesandamplitudevalueshallbedeleted.4.5.2Ground-rollandothernoisesshallbeattenuated.4.5.3Someshotrecordsshallbedisplayedandresultsofnoiseattenuationshallbecomparedwithoriginalones.4.5.4Afternoiseattenuation,theS/Nofthedatashouldbeimproved,eventgroupscanclearlybeseenandnousefulsignalsobviouslyremaininthenoisedataremoved.AmplitudecompensationanddeconvolutionAfterAmplitudecompensation,theenergyinshallow,middleanddeeppartofseismictracesshouldbecomebasicallyequivalent,andtheobviousenergydifferenceamongshotsandtracesshouldberemoved.Afterdeconvolution,thepurposeofcompressingseismicwaveletandimprovingresolutionofseismicdatashouldbereached.Statics4.7.1Whenfieldstaticsareapplied,locationsandelevationsofshotsandreceiversshallbechecked.Staticsmapshallbeplotted,staticsvariationtrendandabnormalstatics,valuesshallbeanalyzed,andunreasonablestaticsvaluesshallbemodified.Whentheresultsoffieldstaticsapplicationarenotgood,otherstaticcorrectionmethodsshallbetestedandtheapplicationresultsshallbecomparedwithfieldstaticsapplicationresults.4.7.2Thewindowsforcalulatingresidualstaticsshouldbebasedonseismichorizonswithbetterquality.Thequalityofresidualstaticsapplicationresultsshouldbebetterthan,orthesameas,thequalityofthedatawithoutresidualstaticsapplication.Afterseveraliterationsofresidualstaticscalculationandapplication,thefinalstaticsshouldbelessthanonesamplinginterval.4.7.3Theclosureofstaticsvaluesintheintersectionsof2-Dlinesshouldbechecked.Velocityanalysis4.8.1In2-Dseismicdataprocessing,thedistancebetweentwoneighboringvelocityanalysispointsshallbe500m,whilein3-Dseismicdataprocessing,thegridareaforeachvelocityanalysispointshallbe(500x500)m2Thedensityofvelocityanalysispointsshallbeappropriatelyadjustedwiththegeologicalstructure.4.8.2ThenumberofCMPsforsummingshouldbeappropriate,andthetraceswithdifferentoffsetsshouldbeincludedasmoreaspossibleforavelocityanalysispoint.Mutingparametersmustbecorrect,andvelocityscanningscopeshouldbelargerthantherealvelocityscopeofthedata.4.8.3Velocitiespickedshouldbereliableandthespatialvariationshouldbereasonable.Inordertoattenuatemultiples,theanalysisoftheircharacteristicsonthevelocityspectrumisrequired.4.8.4Whenthequalityofvelocityspectrumistoopoortoaccuratelypickvelocities,constantvelocitystackingshallbeapplied.4.8.5Iso-velocitysections,CMPsummedgathersafterNMOcorrectionatvelocityanalysispointsandstacksectionsshallbedisplayedtofurthercheckandmodifyvelocities.DMO4.9.1ForDMOvelocityanalysis.allrequirementsinclause4.8areapplicable,andCMPgathersshouldhavebeenappliedwithDMO.4.9.2ThemigrationapertureappliedinDMOshallbedeterminedbyoffsets,reflectiontime,NMOvelocitiesanddipanglesoflayersandshallbeusuallylessthan2/3ofthemaximumoffset,thedipangleappliedinDMOshouldbelargerthanthemaximumdipangleexistedinthedata.AfterDMOapplication,faultreflections,diffractionsandreflectionswithdifferentdipanglesinthesamepartofthesectionshouldbebetterthan,oratleastthesameas,thatwithoutapplyingDMO.StackingAppropriateNMOmethodsforthespreadlengthsshallbechosen.4.10.2Mutingparametersmustbecorrect,andstackingvelocityfieldmustbeappropriate.4.10.3Thequalityoffinalsectionsmustbebetterthanthatoftheinterimones.Post-stacktimemigrationAlgorithmsandvelocitiesshallbeexperimentedanddeterminedwithreferringtoexperimentalprocessingresults.4.11.2Whendipanglesoflayersarebig,specialaliasmayariseinmigrationsections.Inthiscase,traceinterpolationshouldbeappliedtodatabeforemigration.4.11.3Infinalmigrationsections,eventsshouldbemigratedtoappropriatepositions,faultpointsshouldbeclear,andtherearenospecialaliasingorsmilephenomenainterferingwithinterpretationSeismicattributesprocessing4.12.1Seismicattributesprocessingincludesthefollowingitems:-Pseudoimpedanceinversion;-Brightspotsection;-Instantaneousamplitude;-Instantaneousfrequency;-Instantaneousphase;-AVOanalysis.4.12.2Datarequirements.PseudoImpedanceconversionMigrationdatasetwithhighresolution,highS/Nandrelativelyamplitudepreservation;Migrationsectionswithgeologicalinterpretation.Incaseof2-Ddataprocessing,stackingsections,coordinatesofintersectionsandlocationsofwellsshouldalsobeprovidedtochecktheclosureofinterpretedhorizonsatintersections.Averagingvelocitycurveintheareaorseismicloggingcurve.Locationmapoflineswiththestructuremapoftargetlayersasthebackground.Integratedwellsurveyingcurveandintegratedwellloggingchart.Integratedwellsurveyingcurveshouldincludesonicloggingcurveanddensityloggingcurveappliedwithwellpathandcircumstancecorrection.Thesamplingrateshallusuallybebetween0.25mand1.Om.Migrationdatawithrelativeamplitudepreservationshouldbeprovidedfortheprocessingofbrightspotsection,instantaneousamplitude,instantaneousfrequencyandinstantaneousphase.AVOanalysis:ElaboratelyinterpretedsectionswithindicatedtargetareaforAVOanalysis.Inthecasethatdipanglesoflayersarebig,gathersafterDMOorpre-stackmigrationshouldbeprovided.SonicJogging,densityloggingaswellasVSPdocumentswithintheprojectzoneshouldbeprovidedforforwardmodeling.Ifitispossible,shearwaveloggingcurveshouldalsobeprovided.4.12.3Technicalrequirements.Pseudoimpedanceconversion:Thepolarityofseismicdataandsectionsshallbecheckedtoestablishtherelationshipbetweenpolarityandreflectioncoefficients.Syntheticrecordsshouldbasicallymatchthewell-sidetracesofthesection.Amplitudecalibrationshallbeappropriate.Theverticalchangingtrendoflowfrequencycomponentshouldbasicallybeinaccordancewiththatfromsonicloggingdataofthecalibratedwell,whilethehorizontalchangingtrendshouldbasicallybeinaccordancewiththestructure.Thelowfrequencycomponentsofthepseudoimpedanceshouldbecloseatintersectionsof2-Dlines.Thepseudoimpedancecurveofmajorlayersinthewell-sidetraceshouldbasicallymatchtheimpedancecurvecalculatedwithsonicloggingcurve.Brightspotsection:Inbrightspotsections,thebackgroundamplitudemustbebalancedverticallyandhorizontally,andtheamplitudeanomalyshouldlookoutstandinginthesection.Instantaneousamplitude,InstantaneousfrequencyandInstantaneousphase.Therelativeamplitudepreservationrelationshipoftheinputdatashallbecheckedbeforeprocessing.AVOanalysis:InAVOdataprocessing,theamplitudevarianceofreflectionsversusthedirectionofoffsetsandthecorrespondingcompensationmethodsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.ParametersfromwellloggingsandVSPdatainthesurveyareashallbedrawnforAVOforwardmodeling,AVOcurvesfromupperandlowerinterfacesoflayersbearingoil,gasandwater,aswellasinterfacesbetweenoil,gasandwatershallbemodeled.Thescopeofreflectionangleswithrespecttothedepthoftargetlayersandthedistributionscopeofoffsetsshallbedeterminedtogenerateappropriateanglegathers.Appropriatealgorithmsshallbechosen,andtheresultsofAVOanalysisshallbeoutput.4.12.4Colordisplayrequirements.Inordertomeetresolutionrequirementsandmaketargetlayersoutstanding,thecolorbarmustbeselectedinthewaythatcanmakecolortonelooksoftwithbrightcontrastandanomylookoutstanding.Instantaneousphasesectionsaresuggestedtobedisplayedwiththreekindsofcolors.Thecoloredbrightspotsectionasawholeshouldlooksoftwithoutstandinganomies.DecorativeprocessingAppropriateprocessingforhigherS/Nandhigherresolutioncanbeappliedtostackandmigrationdata.AftertheprocessforimprovingS/N,faultpointsofsectionscannotbeblurred,andthereshallbenoobviouswormingormattingphenomena.Aftertheprocessforimprovingresolution,featuresofeventgroupsmustbeclearwithnecessaryS/N.Filterandgainfordisplay4.14.1Filterparameterswhichcankeeptheeffectivefrequencybandofthedatashallbeapplied.4.14.2Infinalsectionswithgainedamplitude,featuresofeffectivereflectioneventgroupsshouldbeclearandinfavorofseismicinterpretation.Finalsectionsdisplay.Finalsectionsshouldbemarkedwiththecorrespondingsectionlabels,whichusuallycontain:-Client;-Projectarea;-Nameanddirectionoftheline;-Sectiontype;-Acquisitionparameters;-Processingflowchartandmainparameters;-Processingcompanyandprocessingsystemapplied;-CMPNoandstationNo;-Velocityfunctions;-Folds;-Surfaceelevation,datumelevationandstatics;-Lineintersectionsandwellsinthesection:-Palaritydeclaration;-Displayscale;-Processorsandexaminers;-Date.Usua11y,CMPNo,stationNo,velocityfunctions,lineintersections,wellsinthesection,surfaceelevation,datumelevationandstaticsshallbelocatedinupperpartofthesection,whilefoldsshallbelocatedinlowerpartofthesection.Allotherparametersshallbelocatedtogetherontheleftorrightsideofthesection.Testprocessing&qualitycontrolTestprocessing5.1.1Intheprojectzone,representativelinesshallbeselectedfortestprocessing,whichshallatleastincludethefollowingsteps:-Amplitudecompensation;-Deconvolution;-Statics;-Noiseattenuationinpre-stackgathers;-Muting;-Establishingvelocityfieldsformigration;-Choosethemigrationmethod;-Filtering&litudegain.Whenthedataprocessingisaimedatseismicattributes,thecorrespondingprocessingmethodsandparametersshouldbetestedfirst.5.1.2Theoptimalprocessingmethods,parametersandbestprocessflowshallbechosenbyanalyzingtheresultsoftestprocessing.QualitycontrolItisrequiredtochecklogorlistfiles,qualitycontrolmapsandinterimresultsineachprocessingsteptomakesurethatrightmodules,appropriateparametershavebeenapplied,jobsrunnormally,andtechnicalrequirementsstipulatedinchapter4shallbemet.DataprocessingresultsThefinalseismicexplorationdataprocessingresultsusuallycontainthefollowingitems:Finalstackdatawith-andwithoutfilteringandamplitudegainapplied.Finalmigrationdatawithandwithoutfilteringandamplitudegainapplied.Stackandmigrationvelocityfields.3Dgridmapordata.Intheprocessingofcrookedlines,thecoordinatesandcorrespondingmapsoffinalresultsectionsshallbeprovided.Seismicattributeprocessingresults:-Coloredimpedancesectionsordata;-Coloredbrightspotsectionsordata;-Coloredsectionsordataofinstantaneousamplitude,instantaneousfrequencyandinstantaneousphase;-ColoredsectionordataofAVOprocessingresults(whichusuallycontainsanglegatherswithbarshapemaps,envelopdifferencesections,P-wavesections,S-wavesections,Gradientsections(Gsections),Poisson'sratiochangingrate△o)sections,productofPandG(pXG)sections).Dataprocessingreport:Aprocessingreportshallcontainthefollowingitems:-Introductionoftheproject;-Geologicaltasksandrequirementsinprocessing;-Amountofthedataprocessedandstartandenddateoftheprocessing;-Originaldataanalysis;