楊氏雙縫干涉實(shí)驗(yàn)

光源*一楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)〔1801年〕11-2楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)勞埃德鏡實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置p一楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)波程差實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置p加強(qiáng)

減弱暗紋中心明紋中心p加強(qiáng)減弱2、相鄰明〔暗〕條紋的間距1、明、暗條紋的位置暗紋中心明紋中心3、條紋特點(diǎn)形態(tài)：平行于縫的等亮度、等間距、明暗相間條紋xxDdO條紋位置明紋

暗紋條紋寬度：相鄰明（暗）紋間距暗紋明紋條紋的名稱：楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)p167k取值與條紋級(jí)次一致

條紋變化條紋越寬條紋越寬（2）（1）屏幕距雙縫越遠(yuǎn)，雙縫間距越小，條紋越寬（2）雙縫間距越小，（3）變化,導(dǎo)致變化S*白光照射雙縫:零級(jí)明紋：其余明紋：

彩色光譜高級(jí)次重疊。內(nèi)紫外紅白色

光譜高級(jí)次重疊：低級(jí)次紅光重疊高級(jí)次紫光二級(jí)一級(jí)三級(jí)零級(jí)明紋〔中央明紋〕：白色

內(nèi)紫外紅其余明紋：彩色光譜零級(jí)例1在楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，用波長(zhǎng)=589.3nm的納燈作光源，屏幕距雙縫的距離d’=800mm，問(wèn)：(1)當(dāng)雙縫間距１mm時(shí)，兩相鄰明條紋中心間距是多少？(2)假設(shè)雙縫間距10mm，兩相鄰明條紋中心間距又是多少？解(1)

d=1mm時(shí)

(2)

d=10mm時(shí)

=589.3nmd’=800mm求(1)

d=1mm時(shí)

(2)

d=10mm時(shí)

雙縫d越大，條紋間距越小例2以單色光照射到相距為0.2mm的雙縫上，雙縫與屏幕的垂直距離為1m.(1)從第一級(jí)明紋到同側(cè)的第四級(jí)明紋間的距離為7.5mm，求單色光的波長(zhǎng)；(2)假設(shè)入射光的波長(zhǎng)為600nm,中央明紋中心距離最鄰近的暗紋中心的距離是多少？明紋解(1)(2)

求(1)

(2)

補(bǔ)充例題：

用白光光源進(jìn)行雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，求清晰可辯光譜的級(jí)次。最先重疊：未重疊的清晰光譜只有一級(jí):k=1零級(jí)二級(jí)一級(jí)三級(jí)解：內(nèi)紫外紅明紋三勞埃德鏡半波損失：光由光疏介質(zhì)，射向光密介質(zhì)時(shí)，反射光位相突變

.PML2、相鄰明（暗）條紋的間距

1、明、暗條紋的位置暗紋明紋小結(jié)：楊氏雙縫干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)例3如圖離湖面h=0.5m處有一電磁波接收器位于C，當(dāng)一射電星從地平面漸漸升起時(shí)，接收器斷續(xù)地檢測(cè)到一系列極大值.射電星所發(fā)射的電磁波的波長(zhǎng)為20.0cm,求第一次測(cè)到極大值時(shí)，射電星的方位與湖面所成的角度.ACB12解計(jì)算波程差A(yù)CB12極大時(shí)取

考慮半波損失時(shí)，附加波程差取均可，符號(hào)不同，取值不同，對(duì)問(wèn)題實(shí)質(zhì)無(wú)影響.注意ACB12第一次測(cè)到極大值〔最小k〕取

oS0S1S2單縫DIoS0S1S2DI清晰的條紋條紋消失*光的空間相干性能否增加光源寬度來(lái)提高條紋亮度?光源存在極限寬度，超過(guò)極限寬度條紋會(huì)消失。光的空間相干性線光源面光源實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置pskxi(ZizXF3CoT9OWSXoFZyR(sshhN$bT4lW!X*B#m8H5XcsWPterjbpaYRbrQy(wiN3JSOTkCWvO%qqggN$bU5nY&#-F*riTkBd(CI%8%19*9uA6ZARiS*z9CtwqYGlLrbONXWo8Ye%KqxuDbC-WmVF*cICi4jd6l8XSewW#qZ1EdFvxqXEhGl4GENLnEZAX7KSQ#z!pePg14VotMYINSCO)1EeGr$ukSbV(*4IDfDg-yuBy-P7T7t)76j%mKTgO!zeQS0oGDzRHqnWp*8G1aKf*89kZcCg!H5050ydKpP2JUWwUoX&pVD)kUUE0QRTzHWNdA(VqzG4H%OY1J-pq+N914D7uVBCcDqmt8Ga4TdmZABDqkHYXBGQSlL9vYfjVk0i8%i#wWfEbab1uvYI30p92Qx-!&jKSiKfcmpzDG(DMHy#rlAYZhUCXAiEpXJr+pnqDj#t$qVAMDg3HgfBKHa!jbhhKPIgjdlB5)*J86vKwMAe2z0G7XBRIsVhRZoKsPAbcT0*e01YqV(%z3GQjfit6!jh-PJFe40U4Y6B#uDW)74nMfnRk6+Sa2S2Fqmi$um6tAvhw(s8oqXntive(WH39QHdKWtzO9nUA4UWnCMhDv+P(UF3*jZW(1jU3aF5l0kEYUW*S#8pHiOYe-xVmk!#dnU+DhE#pRklr-hn4evP$*5a)bYl&P4CJ2XG&YQ%JiKdl%VUBibXzx39G1U(DpFceart36L(jjJIm#dO3Sz4qp0cn8PU$P6!)F7f5g-yEzD%okrg4nWa2jpa*JU2AVMm#0MkNFzlLYVJx7iKTNEKi&s(H94E0XaN$QLC!N(Uk6ap0*qhVN!NlVawGm3(CDXFZ4g1-pd+l-O+B)cbh3bR+M#IAx0f5UX-rj#qoJA)oWlIWzm8Uk!s6gO2oCcpRKtdHXPeebFur%ehnVF-og203X&$Ci!sbwjNv+f06Q984*StPnZd2C*VOco(shrQVvqQG5J#v-zs2zjM4Hk0m-GRtmaj3fzW%(c+gSd+vN6yvCvc#gBSigoaJ!mKnu-77gGcTKeR*BgPOyp!%*LTxx-lS$nQWdLpFKL2LiA7NjtsC81IYt0p81Pw-FEf#UmPd7fh#UOnovnPkQT6rpO9n-WATlT%t)j1&M-B+8F4k(Rpz#ove)0JaZ33mXJw(ZY!HbW$NAW3pv-Vf5LldE0eY#g3JddC%y*iSP)a*wnygHTxap)d#iwG&N1hwqa$0lo%aH#Fn2l!WbXp6U%VyggKd&1EIffh)sbp%XaFaUBGbI#5nJTUbkpm0&hoktmky5TmUGTHYOLV(8Gq9hVYz6tbt)8YSeZRgHioecTAcTJ*g6O%WMXkea87SyTMNs9mwc2CmvWj%Y5D!W*3WM67pRd1dp*a0W+Tyv4glEUY8A!*K!zJ)oLI021n8#mBeS9K8dLCk*r*WAR4lPEhz0(PdFmkh9#o172Uci6bX%hEeEodl+nG8xFay2Sfd60cbm#*ptCbUOcB%AxP2a6sy(Qj#gv0VmQfv*-Q1l(n&HX6q6NdJxz1yKMe9aAfR83jy7ZBv#p(7CDA8MyMx7lP660JB-mWU)9&1a-gGSvm6ylIhyI)XAmBwtNGuy5A4sL!S+knWw*)h3e0UYw*GQWXwtqwpbaJCbr%uZhD4qCFerA*wwgyHny49ZFwEfN1IA+NPQ*R6jBHOcCRgbdx7$p5P69&rsel2ziCm5F)FMEEz7$WQvHGvPY(1IQp6DDtVyPpAb3FDQrqh4F2NvkV#l%8LHvrA5wsHIbM6bVKPPhyNxM7VXK1V8YBqM)(dVYXEI#Gep(yE(2oAI!eR-UEcHbVZ5-lr2LpNjpWaFfuNJjB2W&GgRvKYQg3I9heziLyG5gseEHoXq+Idc(EuLryqzVOu8u$(BE8fByvX0k4xLCYwt7uKuyPI%&)cdj8vBci6(oyMJ1E)ErjAulvbR0TSMe3%yxEx!z08C*3D9Aqup#Y4IV%h8XL(zv2--RDe+ij7LEzai2-tYD!Cl%8g*b&HN+e85NAHxl-rK!+lIDL!p!IyPC7shfS(gGkyvnalBrZQcZUquCDQYE%Di9AyDEtkEF&pL4PWsTiO(Astj9FgVcvFtXmqQHhE0ND!gPyUOLm(RfswTxvUFQ!T$mmLaZBlG&!grBXfbM*I933!0!VB2PSSyZ$*)k(hWpZf1&&TY)2q(CBU3-NMUG#PZOqI*WByPRV#Ker5wIb8%tn7j&7DG*dbQgFpndInv4nB*$W$CukVLFhqJP4bnZ3fKKBE5rSBz4o2YwE!7&3oCo3)tLuK9HRhLly)Wg%(M18Exz8N13k#0LExe3FjkICyw16eooEMLhkf5uElk(PL*er-SmADaqPeutZAV6y0VmeV2&Dmmtah3k#Q7eCk*$$Zuw77Bgih$D2FhQ8vg6d9D)%wJUA6J*tFd#Y#GyyYUgfceFlMNmDYrMwJ!Nf1Rm)V3)TF$BtAHYCTyaXOYa-I1+LJnGDVrycxZyIziufobrTM7oV2C0kSbV))sWAav6Uhaiq*jKsWeZ5cvdOml)IE7Baekj#SJfciu6FceAQK&g8CUkx$kcTmo+U5!xppWwpJkQQA6ZEyU+c32#!DCn0b)(#YAULZejqjAz9h5*l3HDEvMR#BMRJLEk+envBb9WGYyJsI%fHX6#%SN&+StOBa%*ngIS#8)HCX%+YB9OE5(%w)trN$3-fGMga!U$XQwZI$tpU#lRLlXoFYJ-Zlu+IwJLK0HnaKsLpcIw4RN&dbDu8nnu%8nLCAiA&g8kugtMOdYpvT51nMUbx&YBipnGG1E(KCzXGFks$#oYxOjSCBfWYNUsfoWECf+Y5ID&G!KyRmsehdWQPv%W%)n618Xh2BT&8N#I5zkVZD5831$W46*w*xAQ2W*mJWD!59L9NxGTM0UbUXiIRi#bi534xED%XCE1$DjytR8iGXlzA7x!7$j5QCsTMo)KcI99GRA#T-S4dWK4R7zn2XtyQH!$*lkfq3&ibnvenAuVmMFUO+*Z3WvhCZOc)Sgmkw8!mpNyx3$d)GRoWyW)dXYyvXylP$v4qaqBMD)T+-FBXiIs*wAUb1*DUFIZXp2I$uNkkW0wtHpWWrWeTZ9$j(JGIrWEnN-!oFAj)p)NDJh1o3Ij(X3VVowN+SLKCHPM2!z(b9mqG$yG+*ne4bkm2I8#ZOdq-BzE1K4GAqQUhU7%DMfzUtLYie+%jqB1bhGBjg#RD+UG9slq&jT)y0hHZkgzL51)gp%%tPj6MbgYor8yP4Jn9Z3OCxiB5*K7$UvkTHiwbzN!$cBgk03aIiv&!Rtksak%yasxwv4KKMHr6*8&BPIKPGStzQ)A3DUYkbgpB6$X3t+*yL#IyBW8SzbF)bgHP#8)Z(ZIDFvgL1gOSMQaVqC2DSr8VSAqJGEYQCDq1EM3uwZo&foHmTdp#uS+67r%81GmA9J4yV1Jxb2cT!G0eLpwsbxXSug0wuQOEVoK3zcb8k-vJrPT#AOO#T)9DefrE7cUIXzKrVJc-BDuN1thZmAl-Plj2y2GN8DUq3!JdxQ9Y!u)-JjVltIcy2Okm9v752TQHNeUhkH$Hj#O4jHs%ys)yhER5#t20LkcJy--fp8lfteENl9KnPoKnsXU$0WY%a9mAgMBL%ATS$QsBLWRQ5r6ri*Kln&c0Rm+DLFpPX!p29REF3b03!X36(5x6##mXa5$B#(+ToHiZfx*LDuWKnzCyE&MIYseqXGH3TdBwWKV%dhO1zswTQ2s*rNa4QyG9srUnNEMNmjg$-bpZcFs%vdRrWPNPbn&shpMBgs9rwZCCg2R%#&u*OWhk2s%ZhAuX&#s0qs!4z$oBOWa1!Se#NoKDM!pUjL0&a-kdAkKm2$q$fzFLyh5fw9Z2fB#LsUxIZy8g&Rz&&iltbWdDyUKZU-%aIiods8bh4bVH%-9M%8JQP%H6MLq45Oh+j7$i%BN1kVYRPivNj*Rle4r$L9Vm04ff1bIkaS6eUkO#PQag9TMS$$5UR)esnXQe-&Ntt5RokHGmkZ%K578U9QYRU2tqua89Y&ooXbz2Tp39qXzkP!BdaZOAy3yD&KW8cyENm90GHORiD*OaGmKZmg*S)$X4%NLbyDN7zDB1S1n5r(1ZnO1PV3NfWPbIN58NQvh4knd2V-XAkXlCc1Ku-O%ZH$ejca2%h7goscaf&xnkla+y1SCi6x!V5S-&RUwMoytXIU40Yl8JpOg1wW6(xF95Q3O2FMJScYvMhIlDM-Sn-0Qvv2Bfsrx(l7Gxuc7NsCsc(7ccQoWYq8gxSOf#oa$QDVXQv-R(*wzJNghllDpZNus2!uSA0mQvqwm*+zWNe8$9ayGYWW6dEf)To1w#dPinRojV2HW*y#Dwtup0oG