全球最后一英里物流展望-德勤-英

2023

Global

Smar

t

Las

t-MileLogistics

Outlook2023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

AbstractAbstrac

tWith

continuous

upgrading

of

technology,deeper

integration

of

intelligent

technologies,industrial

scenarios

and

wider

industrialapplication,

recent

years

we

have

witnessed

thebooming

development

of

smart

last-mile

logisticsrepresented

by

smart

PUDOs,

smart

lockerbanks,

unmannedvehiclesanddrones.In

fact,

smart

last-mile

logistics

have

beenrapidly

growing.

The

global

CEP

market

has

beengrowing

at

about

10%over

the

past

few

years,which

is

bound

tofurther

expand

the

smartlast-mile

market.

Europe's

OOH

(out-of-homedelivery)

network

increased

by

about

35%in

2021.Southeast

Asia,

the

Americas,

and

other

places

areembracing

greater

smart

last-mile

opportunities.As

is

all

known

an

optimal

OOH

network

locationis

a

scarce

resource

that

requires

planning

andquick

action.

Therefore,

at

this

stage,

smart

last-mile

logistics

can

no

longer

be

ignored

by

logisticsenterprises,

e-commerce

companies

and

otherrelevant

players.There

are

two

primary

driving

factors

behind

it.Firstly,

the

contradiction

between

supply

anddemand

is

becoming

increasingly

serious.

Alongwith

aging,

the

increasing

labor

cost

and

the

highmobility

of

couriers

make

employment

moredi?cult.

Under

the

background

of

the

growinge-commerce

demand

and

parcel

volume,

a

moree?cient

way

is

needed

for

last-mile

delivery.Secondly,

the

diversity

of

consumer

demandincreases.

In

addition

tothe

requirements

forconvenience

and

?exibility

of

parcel

pick-up,consumers

are

considering

solution

diversity,environmental

protection,

and

sustainabledevelopment.As

a

result,

we

have

set

out

with

a

globalperspective

tobuild

a

Smart

Last-Mile

LogisticsMarketAssessment

Model.

Based

on

twodimensions

of

market

attraction

and

maturity,we

divided

the

selected

key

countries

into

threegroups

–

key

benchmark

markets,

potential

growthmarkets

and

sub-potential

incubator

markets,and

discussed

the

strategies

they

adopted

fordeveloping

smart

last-mile

logistics.Against

the

above

backdrop,

we

summarize

theadvantagesofsmart

last-milelogistics

fromtheperspective

of"4E":Additionally,

we’ve

selected

three

representativecountries

for

detailed

analysis.

As

one

of

the

keybenchmark

markets,

China

has

highly

maturesmart

last-mile

logistics,

and

its

digital

technologyand

experience

could

also

serve

as

a

valuablereference.

For

example,

smart

last-mile

logisticsin

China

demonstrate

digital

intelligence

with

allelements

and

in

all

processes.

The

coresectionsof

smart

PUDOs

have

already

achieved

intelligenceand

digitalization,

including

inbound,

monitoring,pick-up,

and

unmanned

vehicle

delivery.

In?

Experience:Improve

consumer

experience,

andrealize

the

convenience,

time

flexibility,

and

choicediversity

of

parcel

pick-up.?

Enablement:Enrich

solution

diversity

andimprove

the

effectiveness

of

solutions

such

asreturn

service

and

efficient

delivery.?

Expenditure:Reduce

costs

and

increaseefficiency,

ultimately

reduce

labor

expenditure.?

Environment-friendliness:Help

the

enterprisesand

customers

in

their

pursuits

of

environment-friendliness

and

sustainable

development.the

European

market,

we

select

Poland

whoserapid

development

of

smart

last-mile

logisticsis

noticeable,

especially

that

of

its

locker

banks.Its

business

model

in

particular,

has

aspects

to022023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

Abstractemulate.

Wehave

selected

Singapore

for

analysisin

Southeast

Asia,

representing

highly

urbanizedmarkets.

The

application

of

smart

last-mile

logisticsis

a

general

trend

due

togrowing

high

labor

costsand

increasing

parcel

volume.providers

can

o?er

a

combination

of

intelligentsolutions

tomeet

the

demands

of

consumersin

speci?c

markets.

Players

such

as

logisticscompanies

and

e-commerce

platforms

may?rst

consider

their

position,

goals,

local

marketcharacteristics

and

consumer

preferences

whenchoosing

appropriate

solutions.

Secondly,

playersare

encouraged

to

carry

out

last-mile

networkexpansion

planning

based

on

relevant

data,

andconduct

multi-dimensional

evaluations

based

ondi?erent

factors,

such

as

the

“4E”.Finally,

long-termand

short-term

interests

need

tobe

balanced

todecide

how

toparticipate,

for

example,

decidebetween

self-owned

and

leasing.Technology

will

continue

tochange

our

life.

Lookingahead,

smart

last-mile

logistics

will

continue

todevelop

tobetter

suit

user

scenarios

in

the

future.Consumers

are

not

the

only

ones

who

stand

tobene?t

from

intelligent

technology,

the

marketparticipants

will

also

gain

a

place

in

the

tidal

waveof

technology.

They

will

be

able

todevelop

theircompetitive

advantages

through

clear

insightsand

active

participation.

Smart

last-mile

serviceThe

smart

last-mile

logistics

will

greatly

improve

consumer

experience

and

help

solve

the

problemof

last-mile

delivery

being

the

biggest

cost

driver

in

the

whole

logistics

process.

For

corelast-milelogistics

players,

it

is

increasingly

important

toseize

the

opportunities

in

the

new

era

and

upgradethemselves

through

smart

means

so

as

tobuild

competitive

advantages.WilliamXiongChiefStrategyO?cer

andSVP,EuropeandSoutheast

Asia,CainiaoNetworkUnder

the

quick

development

of

demand

and

new

technology,

the

evolution

of

global

smart

last-mile

solutions

will

be

strongly

promoted

by

logistics

ecological

partners

toimprove

the

e?ciencyand

reduce

cost.Bryan

ZhouXiaoliangSupplyChain&Network

OperationsO?ering

LeaderDeloitteConsultingChina031.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics1.1Researchscope,de?nition,mode,andscenariooflast-milelogistics1.2Smartlast-milelogisticsis

imperative05060811131.3Smartlast-milelogisticssolutionsoverviewandchallenges1.4Smartlast-milelogisticsecosystem2.Globalsmartlast-milelogisticsmarketanalysis151618202.1Smartlast-milelogisticsmarketassessmentmodel2.2Smartlast-milelogisticsmarketlandscape

analysis2.3Analysisofrepresentativecountryand

its

smartlast-milesolutions3.Future-proofSmartlast-milesolutions3334363.1"SmartLast-MileLogistics

"

methodology3.2Thesmartlast-milelogisticssolutions

andrelatedcases3.3Considerationsandsuggestionsforplayers

ofthesmartlast-milelogisticsmarket

464.Summaryandprospect4952Authorandcontactemailaddress2023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics1.

Back

ground

ofglobal

smar

t

las

t-mile

logistics052023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics1.1

Researchscope,definition,mode,

andscenariooflast-mile

logisticsFigure1:

Overview

ofgloballast-mile

logistics

distributionSupplierPlantRegional

WarehouseDistribution

CenterConsumerLast-mileLogisticsDeliveryChainLast-mile

logistics

is

the

?nal

step

in

the

delivery

process,

starting

at

the

distribution

center

and

ending

when

the

delivery

is

completed.Industry

ScenariosInstant

DeliveryDelivery

Model12ExpressTo-door

Delivery(Mainstream)OOH

(Out-of-Home)delivery

mode(Uptrend)0102030405Couriersdeliverparcelsto?nalCustomerspickupLast-mile

E-commerceLogistics

ExpressDeliveryTakeaway

FreshRetailGrocery

DeliveryMedicineparcelsby

themselves,mainly

by

PUDOs

andlocker

banks.

PUDOiswhereonecancollectaparcel,e.g.a

conveniencestore,a

parcelshop,a

postDeliveryGoodscustomersdirectlytotheirhomes

byHomeDeliveryServicedrivinginspeci?careasuniformlyandnotifyingcustomerstopickthemupbyphone

o?ce,ora

retailstore,etc.call/

SMS/

APP.Lockerbanksareautomat-edmailboxmachineTheimportanceoflast-miledeliveryhasrisen,buttherearestillmanydrawbacksandpainpointsinthedevelopmentoftheindustry.Thus,innovationandreformationareurgentlyneededThe

importance

of

last-mile

deliveryhas

risen,

but

there

are

still

manydrawbacks

and

pain

points

inreduction

and

efficiency

improvementthrough

technological

transformationacross

different

scenarios.

Besides,intelligentization

has

become

adifferentiation

strategy

and

businessgrowth

point

for

the

players.

In

theoverall

construction

of

a

smart

last-mile

logistics

ecosystem,

consumers,logistics

enterprises,

e-commerceplatforms,

governments,

andtechnology

service

enterprises

will

playvital

roles

in

jointly

promoting

the

newtechnologies

and

solution

innovationtocomprehensively

develop

the

last-mile

industry.Definition

oflast-milelogistics:

Inthe

entire

logistics

distribution

processchain

from

supplier

toconsumer(Figure

1),the

last

step

in

the

supplychain

operation

is

defined

as

the

last-mile

logistics.

The

last-mile

logisticsdelivery

mainly

refers

toactivities

thatdirectly

meet

the

customers'

needs

inthe

last

section

of

logistics

distribution.the

development

of

the

industry.Thus,

innovation

and

reformationare

urgently

needed.

The

globalaverage

cost

of

last-mile

logisticsdelivery

accounts

for

41%

of

the

totaldelivery

cost

(Figure2).Meanwhile,low

efficiency

and

the

single

modecannot

meet

consumers’

increasinglydiversified

needs.The

delivery

modeoflast-milelogistics

is

mainlydivided

intotwotypes:

To-door

delivery

mode

andOOH

delivery

mode.In

the

future,

last-mile

delivery

willfocus

more

on

user

experience,

cost062023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics?

To-doordelivery

modemainlyrefers

tothe

method

by

whichcouriers

deliver

parcelstofinalcustomers

directly

totheir

homesby

driving

in

specific

areas

uniformlyand

notifying

customers

topick

themup

by

phone

call

/

SMS/

APP.This

iscurrently

the

main

last-mile

deliverymodel

in

most

countries.This

model

has

developed

fast

andexpanded

steadily

all

around

theworld

in

the

past

few

years.

Manye-commerce

platforms

and

logisticscompanies

have

also

stepped

intothe

OOH

delivery

mode

service

toimprove

customer

satisfaction.

Theyhave

successively

launched

smartPUDOs

and

locker

banks

as

last-miledelivery

stations.

The

solution

withOOH

delivery

mode

not

only

savesthe

delivery

cost

but

also

providescustomers

with

a

"24/7"

pick-upservice.instant

delivery

involves

the

demandof

various

industries

and

consumers,which

covers

catering,

catering

rawmaterials,

retail,

and

medicine,

whichcorresponds

tothe

delivery

scenariosof

"takeaway

delivery",

"fresh

homedelivery",

"supermarket

retail",

and"medicine

delivery".The

researchscopeofsmart?

OOH(Out-of-Home)deliverymoderefers

tothe

mode

in

whichcustomers

pick

up

parcels

bylast-milelogistics

coveredbythisreport:

This

white

paper

will

focuson

the

scenario

of

e-commerceexpress

delivery

toconduct

specificsmart

last-mile

logistics

applicationanalysis,

market

discussion

and

insightsharing,

but

will

not

elaborate

on

thesmart

solutions

of

instant

deliveryincluding

takeaway

delivery,

fresh

foodhome

delivery,

supermarket

retail,

ormedicine

delivery.themselves,

mainly

by

PUDOs

andlocker

banks.

PUDO

is

where

onecan

collect

a

parcel,

which

can

be

aconvenience

store,

a

grocery

store,

aparcel

shop,

a

post

office,

or

a

retailstore

(click&

collect).

Locker

banksare

automated

mailbox

machine

thatallows

users

topick

up

and

drop

offparcels

by

themselves.Last-mile

logistics

deliveryscenarios

are

mainly

divided

intoexpress

delivery

and

instant

delivery.Express

delivery

is

dominated

by

thedelivery

needs

of

goods

sent

out

by"e-commerce

platform

orders"

whileFigure2:

Thecost

oflast-mile

logisticsLast-milelogistics

isthe

biggestcostdriver

in

thewholelogisticsprocess41%20%16%13%11%WarehousingSortingPackagingLast-milelogisticsRemaining

LogisticsCostDataSource:Deloitteanalysis,CainiaoResearchCenter072023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics1.2

Smart

last-mile

logistics

isimperativeforward

higher

requirements

forlogistics

service

quality

and

punctualityin

online

shopping.

In

the

last-miledelivery

service,

e-commerce

andexpress

delivery

companies

havefound

that

the

PUDOs

are

insufficient,and

home

delivery

led

toa

low

first-time

successful

delivery

rate,

whichgenerate

high

cost

of

secondarydelivery.

All

these

have

becomehindrances

toimproving

logisticsquality

and

punctuality.

Therefore,

theinnovative

development

of

last-milelogistics

is

imminent.Background

ofsmart

last-miledelivery’s

development(Figure3):

With

the

rapid

development

ofe-commerce,

the

volume

of

parcelshas

surged

in

recent

years.

At

thesame

time,

consumers

have

putFigure3:

Smart

last-mile

logistics

is

imperativeWiththerapiddevelopment

of

e-commerce,

the

volumeofparcels

hassurged

inrecent

years.Atthesame

time,consumershave

putforward

higher

requirements

for

logistics

service

quality

andpunctuality

inonline

shopping.

Inthe

last-miledelivery

service,

e-commerce

andexpressdelivery

companies

have

foundthatthePUDOsare

insu?cient,

andhomedelivery

led

to

alow?rst-timesuccessful

delivery

rate,

which

generate

high

costofsecondarydelivery.

All

thesehave

becomehindrances

to

improving

logisticsquality

andpunctuality.

Therefore,theinnovative

development

oflast-milelogistics

isimminent.Challenges

in

industry

scenariosNecessityChallengesContradiction

between

demand

and

supply?Increasing

consumer

expectations

for

smartdelivery

experience:consumershave

higherrequirements

forsmart,

timely,

private,personalized

and

green

last-milelogisticsdistribution?Withthedevelopment

of

e-commerce

andtheincrease

inpopulation,the

numberofdeliveryordershasincreased

yearby

year,anditisdi?cult

toensure

standard

delivery

service

quality

withexistingdelivery

modes,

manpowerandtechnology.The

last-miledeliveryfacesthechallengeof

low

e?ciency,high

cost

and

poor

customerexperience(late/

wrong

/second-time

delivery,etc.).ConsumerEnterprise???Logistics,

e-commerce,and

service

providers

puttheir

core

di?erentiation

capabilities

on

last-milelogistics,

reducing

total

costs

and

improvinge?ciency:

trying

several

last-mile

logistics

deliverymodels

and

solutions,

developing

and

applying

newtechnologies

or

equipment

become

thecommonfocusLast-miledelivery

facesthree

changing

trends:increasing

SKU,

increasing

batches,anddecreasingbatchsize,leading

to

increased

complexity.Environmentalprotection?Thegovernment's

attention

and

policy

support:some

leading

countries

in

logistics

havesuccessively

issued

policies

to

promote

intelligentdevelopment

of

last-mile

logistics

distribution.

Chinahasselected

24cities

to

carryoutapplication

ofmoderntechnology

inend

logistics;

TheUnited

Statesandsome

leading

Europeancountries

suchasGermany,andFrance

haveissued

relevant

smartlast-milepolicies?Theenvironmental

protectionproblemsofgreen,low-carbon,low-energy

distributionactivities

andlogistics

packaging

arebecoming

increasingly

seriousGovernmentSafetyand

technology??Tra?csafetyandtra?c

jamThetechnology

andfacilities

oftheoveralllast-miledelivery

need

to

beimproved

to

guarantee

safety,e?ciency,

andconvenience.Forthescenarioofe-commerceexpress,

themainchallengescurrentlyfacingare:of

e-commerce

and

the

increase

inpopulation,

the

number

of

deliveryorders

has

increased

year

by

year,and

it

is

difficult

toensure

standarddelivery

service

quality

with

existingdelivery

modes,

manpower

andtechnology.

The

turnover

rate

of

last-mile

couriers

in

the

overall

market

ishigh,

and

there

are

challenges,

suchas

difficulties

in

employment

andincreasing

labor

costs

year

by

year.?

Contradictionbetween

demandandsupply:

With

the

development082023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogisticsAs

a

result,

the

last-mile

deliveryfaces

the

challenge

of

low

efficiency,high

cost

and

poor

customerexperience

(late

/

wrong

/

second-time

delivery,

etc.).At

the

sametime,

last-mile

delivery

faces

threechanging

trends:

increasing

SKU,increasing

batches,

and

decreasingbatch

size,leading

toincreasedcomplexity.?

Environmentprotection:?

Safety

andtechnology:

In

somecountries

such

as

China,

last-miledelivery

faces

traffic

safety

challengescaused

by

unsafe

three-wheelvehicles

and

traffic

jams.

Thetechnology

and

facilities

of

theoverall

last-mile

delivery

need

tobe

improved

toguarantee

safety,efficiency,

and

convenience.Government

regulators,

societyand

consumers

are

increasinglycalling

for

green,

low-carbon

andlow-energy

consumption

of

logisticsand

distribution,

and

how

toimprovedistribution

efficiency

and

reducecomprehensive

energy

consumptionhas

become

a

problem

that

needs

tobe

addressed

in

the

future.In

response

to

the

manymajor

challenges

in

theabove

scenarios,

as

well

asthe

needs

of

consumersand

enterprises'

businessdevelopment,

theFigure4:

“4E”ModelUser

ExperienceEnablementConvenience,?exibility,

diversity,low

price,Diversity

of

solutionsFlexible

to

managevolume

changecontactlessExperienceEnablement4

Enecessity

of

promoting

thesmart

last-mile

logisticsdelivery

is

underlined

fromthe

following

fouraspects(4E

Model):EnvironmentFriendlinessEnvironmentfriendliness

&sustainabledevelopmentEnvironmentFriendlinessExpenditureExpenditureCost

reduction

ande?ciency

increase?

Experience:Consumer

expectationsfor

smart

delivery

experience

areincreased,

such

as

punctuality

oflast-mile

delivery,

information

privacy,flexibility,

24/7

convenience,

longperiod

of

storage,

low

price,

simplereturn,

etc.

In

general,

consumersneed

more

control

through

visibilityand

service

flexibility.needs,

and

establish

the

entrance

ofcomprehensive

services,

which

is

thekey

tocompeting

for

customers.development

issues

such

asenvironmental

protection

and

trafficjam

reduction.?

Expenditure:Increasing

pressureof

supply

and

demand

requiresmore

considerations

toexpenditure.It’s

a

good

way

tosolve

thecontradiction

between

the

long-termpopulation

pressure,

the

difficultyof

employment

and

the

growth

ofexpress

parcels.Wealsonoticedthatthegovernmentshaveissued

relevantpoliciestopromotelogisticsefficiency

andcomprehensiveemissionreduction

inthewholesociety:?

Enablement:Enterprises

developcoredifferentiation

capabilities

inlast-mile

logistics

tocompete

withothers.

With

smart

OOH,

enterprisescan

not

only

provide

return

serviceand

other

innovative

solutions,

butalso

directly

understand

customer?

Chinahasattached

greatimportance

tothedevelopmentoflast-miledelivery

inrecentyears:At

the

national

level,

in2018,the

General

Office

of

theState

Council

issued

the

Opinions?

Environment-Friendliness:Governments,

enterprises

andindividuals

throughout

society

arepaying

more

attention

tosustainable092023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogisticsonPromotingtheCoordinatedDevelopmentofE-commerceandExpressLogistics(hereinafterreferred

toas

the

Opinions),

whichclarified

six

major

policies

tohelpthe

coordinated

development

ofe-commerce

and

logistics

express:optimize

the

policy

and

regulatoryenvironment

for

coordinateddevelopment;

improve

e-commerceexpress

logistics

infrastructure;optimize

the

traffic

management

ofe-commerce

delivery;

improve

thelast-mile

service

capacity

of

expressdelivery;

strengthen

standardizationand

intelligence,

and

improve

theefficiency

of

collaborative

operation;strengthen

the

green

concept,

anddevelop

a

green

ecological

chain,etc.

The

Opinions

made

it

clearthat

service

innovation

should

bestrengthened,

and

the

last-mileservice

capacity

of

express

deliveryshould

be

improved.

The

Opinionsencouraged

the

integration

of

smartexpress

boxesinto

convenienceservices

and

livelihood

projects,and

the

adoption

of

other

smartdelivery

facilities.

Besides,

theunmannedvehiclesinthelast-milelogistics

delivery

and

dividesunmanned

delivery

products

intotwo

categories

according

to

sizefor

management.

One

is

personaldelivery

equipment

(PDD),

and

theother

is

managed

as

low-speedmotor

vehicles.

Since

2017,

variousstates

have

successively

issued

PDDregulations

toregulate

small-sizeunmanned

delivery

vehicles

drivingon

sidewalks.

The

motor-drivendriverless

delivery

vehicle

needs

toapply

for

a

test

license

under

relevantregulations.

When

the

unmanneddelivery

low-speed

vehicle

without

acab

is

deployed

on

a

large

scale,

it

isnecessary

tosubmit

an

exemptionapplication

tothe

NHTSA

of

theUSDepartment

of

Transportation.In

2022,NHTSA

issued

the

firstPassengerProtectionRegulationsofDriverlessCarstofurther

boost

thedevelopment

of

vehicle

automationand

the

popularization

of

commercialapplications.on

the

construction

of

automated,interconnected,

and

low-carbontransport

service

infrastructureand

another

90

million

eurosfor

the

construction

of

"logistics4.0"

projects,

strengthening

theconstruction

of

hardware

facilities

forlogistics

methods

such

as

deliveryrobots

and

drones.

In

2019,

severalGerman

government

departmentsjointly

launched

the

Logistics2030InnovationProgramme,

proposingstrengthening

the

constructionof

"future-oriented

and

flexibleand

scalable"

digital

logisticsinfrastructure,

data

processingand

platform

solutions,

and

digitalsupply

chains.

Focusing

on

last-milelogistics

solutions,

they

promoted

thedevelopment

of

related

technologies,such

as

pilot

projects

for

remote-controlled

delivery

robots

on

openroads,

toensure

that

spatial

planningand

land-use

planning

tools

canbe

adapted

tothe

needs

of

thelast-mile

delivery.

The

Program

isalso

designed

toensure

that

thefederal

states

and

local

authoritiesimplement

related

innovative

pilotprograms,

such

as

the

use

of

localpublic

transport,

night

logistics

orunderground

pipelines

totransportgoods.?

France,Germany,andotherleadingcountriesinlogisticsdevelopmenthave

also

introduced

aseries

of

regulations

and

supportingpolicies

tosupport

smart

last-milelogistics

applications.

In

2021,

Franceproposed

an

accelerating

green

andsmart

logistics

development

strategy.It

would

spend

200

million

euroseffective

organization

and

integratedutilization

of

last-mile

delivery,

serviceresources

and

intensive

serviceswere

also

promoted.?

The

UnitedStatesis

leadinginthedevelopmentofpoliciesfor102023GlobalSmartLast-MileLogisticsOutlook|

1.Backgroundofglobalsmartlast-milelogistics1.3

Smart

last-mile

logisticsdiversified

last-mile

delivery

solutionsthat

spanned

OOH

delivery

modeand

to-door

delivery

mode

as

well

asrelated

technologies

in

response

tothe

current

scenarios

in

the

market.Speci