新編金融英語教程ChapterCommercialBanks

新編金融英語教程chaptercommercialbanksCATALOGUE目錄TheDefinitionandFunctionofCommercialBanksThetypesandorganizationalstructureofcommercialbanksBusinessandproductsofcommercialbanksCATALOGUE目錄RiskmanagementofcommercialbanksSupervisionandRegulationsofCommercialBanksInnovationandDevelopmentTrendsofCommercialBanks01TheDefinitionandFunctionofCommercialBanksCommercialbanksarefinancialenterpriseswhosemainbusinessistooperatedeposits,loans,andhandletransferandsettlement,withprofitastheirmainbusinessgoal.DefinitionofCommercialBankCommercialbanksaretheonlyfinancialorganizationsthatcanprovide"bankcurrency"(currentdeposits).Commercialbanksarethemainstayofthemodernfinancialsystem,playingvariousfunctionsinthenationaleconomyandservingastheoverallhubofeconomicactivities.Commercialbanksarereputableenterprisesintheeconomy,aswellasthesourceofmacroeconomicinformationandthecenterofcreditactivitiesforthecountry.DefinitionofCommercialBankCreditintermediary:absorbsdeposits,issuesloans,andplaysaroleintransferringrisksandfinancingfunds.Paymentintermediary:processesvariouspaymentandsettlementtransactions(suchascashsettlementandtransfersettlement)throughanaccount.Economicregulationintermediary:regulatingeconomicactivitybyabsorbingdepositsandissuingloans.Informationintermediary:Throughitsvastinstitutionalnetworkandadvancedtechnologicalequipment,itprovidescustomerswithvariousinformationconsultingandservices.ThefunctionsofcommercialbanksComparisonwithprofessionalbanks:Professionalbanksrefertobanksthatspecializeinoperatingdesignatedfinancialbusinesses,suchaspolicybanks,export-importbanks,etc.Theyspecializeinspecificfields,whilecommercialbanksprovidecomprehensivefinancialservices.Comparisonwithcentralbanks:Centralbanksarethecoreofacountry'sfinancialsystem,withsupremestatusandauthority.Commercialbanks,ontheotherhand,areordinaryenterprisesengagedinfinancialbusiness,withprofitabilityastheirmainbusinessobjective.Comparedwithinvestmentbanks,investmentbanksmainlyengageinnondepositandloanbusinessessuchassecuritiesunderwriting,corporatefinancing,andmergersandacquisitions,whilecommercialbanksmainlyengageindepositandloanbusinesses.ComparisonbetweenCommercialBanksandOtherFinancialInstitutions02Thetypesandorganizationalstructureofcommercialbanksalargecommercialbankownedandoperatedbythestate,withstrongcapitalstrengthandawidenetworkofbranchoffices.Stateownedcommercialbankacommercialbankestablishedbymultipleinvestors,witharelativelyflexibleoperatingmechanismandstrongmarketcompetitiveness.Jointstockcommercialbankmainlyservecommercialbanksinaspecificcityorregion,withstrongregionalcharacteristics.UrbancommercialbanksCommercialbanksmainlyservingruralareasandagriculturalindustries,withspecificcharacteristicsofservicetargets.RuralcommercialbanksTypesofCommercialBanksHeadOfficeThehighestmanagementbodyofacommercialbank,responsibleforformulatingthebank'sdevelopmentstrategy,businessplan,andriskmanagement.Abranchundertheheadofficeresponsibleforbusinessexpansionandoperationalmanagementinacertainregion.Abranchunderabranch,responsibleforspecificbankingtransactionsandcustomerservice.agrassrootsunitprovidedbyabank,responsibleforthedailybusinessprocessingofindividualandcorporateclients.BranchBranchBusinessoutletTheorganizationalstructureofcommercialbanksStateownedshares01Aformofstate-ownedcommercialbanksinwhichthestateholdsarelativelylargeproportionofbankshares.Corporateshare02Aformofholdingbanksharesbyacorporateentity,usuallyaccountingforarelativelylargeproportioninjoint-stockcommercialbanks.Individualshares03Aformofbanksharesheldbynaturalpersons,usuallyaccountingforarelativelylargeproportioninurbancommercialbanksandruralcommercialbanks.TheEquityStructureofCommercialBanks03BusinessandproductsofcommercialbanksDepositbusinessAbsorbingpublicdeposits,corporatedeposits,interbankdeposits,etc.toformasourceofbankfunds.BorrowingbusinessBorrowingfundsfromcentralbanks,interbankinstitutions,internationalfinancialinstitutions,etc.tomeetliquidityneeds.Bondissuanceraisingfundsthroughtheissuanceofbonds,witharelativelystablesourceoffunding.Liabilitybusinessofcommercialbanks

AssetbusinessofcommercialbanksLoanbusinessProvideshort-termandlong-termloanstoenterprisestosupporttheirproductionandbusinessactivities.InvestmentbusinessPurchasefinancialinstrumentssuchasbondsandstockstoinvestandobtainreturns.RemittanceservicesProvidedomesticandinternationalremittanceservicestomeetcustomerfundtransferneeds.IntermediarybusinessofcommercialbanksSettlementbusinessProvidevariouspaymentsettlementservices,suchaschecks,billsofexchange,promissorynotes,etc.TrustbusinessManageassetsandhandleaffairsonbehalfofclients,andchargeacertainhandlingfee.AgencybusinessHandlingvariousfinancialservicesonbehalfofclients,suchasagencycollectionandpayment,agencyinsurance,etc.Informationconsultingservicesprovidingeconomicandfinancialinformation,investmentconsulting,andotherservices.04RiskmanagementofcommercialbanksCreditriskmanagementCreditrisk:referstothepossibilitythattheborrowerordebtor,duetovariousreasons,failstofulfilltheirobligationsasstipulatedinthecontract,resultinginlossesforcreditorsorinvestors.Managementstrategy:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundcreditevaluationsystem,conductcomprehensiveandobjectivecreditevaluationsofborrowers,anddetermineloanlimits,interestrates,andotherconditionsbasedontheevaluationresults.Atthesametime,commercialbanksshouldregularlyconductcreditreevaluationsonborrowerstopromptlyidentifyandresolvepotentialcreditrisks.Riskcontrol:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundriskcontrolmechanism,monitorloanbusinessthroughouttheprocess,andpromptlyidentifyanddisposeofpotentialcreditrisks.Atthesametime,commercialbanksshouldstrengthencommunicationandcollaborationwithregulatoryauthorities,industryassociations,etc.,tojointlymaintainthestabilityofthefinancialmarket.MarketriskmanagementMarketrisk:referstotheriskofassetvaluedeclinecausedbymarketpricefluctuations,suchasinterestrates,exchangerates,stockprices,etc.Managementstrategy:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundmarketriskmanagementsystemtocomprehensivelyandsystematicallymonitorandcontrolmarketrisks.Meanwhile,commercialbanksshouldadoptdiversifiedinvestmentstrategiestoreducetheriskexposureofindividualassets.Riskcontrol:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundriskcontrolmechanism,monitorandwarnmarketrisksinrealtime,andpromptlyidentifyanddisposeofpotentialmarketrisks.Atthesametime,commercialbanksshouldstrengthencooperationandcommunicationwithinternationalfinancialinstitutionstojointlyaddressmarketriskchallenges.OperationalriskmanagementOperationalriskreferstotheriskcausedbyinternalprocesses,personnel,systems,andotherissues,suchasinternalfraud,errors,processdefects,etc.Managementstrategy:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundoperationalriskmanagementsystemtocomprehensivelyandsystematicallymonitorandcontroloperationalrisks.Meanwhile,commercialbanksshouldstrengthenemployeetrainingandeducationtoenhancetheirriskawarenessandoperationalskills.Riskcontrol:Commercialbanksshouldestablishasoundriskcontrolmechanism,monitorandwarnoperationalrisksinrealtime,andpromptlyidentifyanddisposeofpotentialoperationalrisks.Atthesametime,commercialbanksshouldstrengtheninternalauditingandcompliancemanagementtoensurethatallbusinessescomplywiththerequirementsoflaws,regulations,andinternalregulations.05SupervisionandRegulationsofCommercialBanksPeople'sBankofChina,ChinaBankingandInsuranceRegulatoryCommission,etc.capitaladequacyratio,liquidityratio,riskconcentration,etc.RegulatoryauthoritiesandregulatorycontentofcommercialbanksRegulatorycontentRegulatoryagenciesCommercialBankLawStandardizetheestablishment,organizationalstructure,andbusinessscopeofcommercialbanks.AntiMoneyLaunderingLawCommercialbanksarerequiredtofulfilltheirantimoneylaunderingobligations,preventandcombatmoneylaunderingactivities.RegulatoryrequirementsforcommercialbanksComplianceriskThelegal,regulatory,andregulatoryrisksthatcommercialbanksmayfaceintheirbusinessactivities.ComplianceManagementSystemCommercialbanksshouldestablishacomprehensivecompliancemanagementsystem,includingcompliancepolicies,complianceriskidentification,assessment,monitoring,andcorrespondingmeasures.Compliancemanagementofcommercialbanks06InnovationandDevelopmentTrendsofCommercialBanksInternetbankingreferstofinancialinstitutionsthatprovidebankingservicesthroughtheInternet,includingonlinedeposits,loans,transfers,andotherbusinesses.Internetbankinghasadvantagessuchasconvenience,speed,lowcost,andhighefficiency,whichcanbreakthroughthelimitationsoftraditionalbanksintermsoftimeandspace,andprovidecustomerswithmoreflexibleandpersonalizedservices.Internetbankingalsofacessomechallenges,suchasnetworksecurity,customertrust,regulatorypolicies,etc.,whichrequirestrengtheningriskmanagementandcompliance.InternetbankingdefinitionAdvantagesofInternetBankingChallengesofInternetBankingTheDevelopmentofInternetBankingGreenfinancereferstofinancialinstitutionsconsideringenvironmentalimpactininvestmentandfinancingactivities,promotingthedevelopmentofgreenindustriesandenvironmentalprotectionthroughinnovativefinancialproductsandservices.Thepracticeofgreenfinanceincludesgreencredit,greenbonds,greenfunds,etc.Byprovidinglowinterestrate,low-risk,andlong-termfinancingsupport,itguidessocialcapitaltoinvestinenvironmentalprotectionindustries