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大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬試卷119
(總分:710.00,做題時間:125分鐘)
PartIWriting(總題數(shù):1,分數(shù):0.00)
1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.
Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencomment
onthepracticeofsettingaone-size-fits-allstandardforstudents.Youshouldwriteat
least120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
MyViewonthePracticeofSettingaOne-Size-Fits-AIIStandardforStudents
(分薪106.50)
正確答案:([范文]
MyViewonthePracticeofSettingaOne-Size-Fits-AIIStandardforStudents
Inthepicture,ateacherisholdingapairofscissorsandreadytocutthe
wingsonthebackofoneofhisstudents.Actually,thewingsoftwootherstudents
havebeencutintopiecesontheground.
Thispictureundoubtedlycondemnsthedamagesthatthepracticeofsetting
aone-size-fits-allstandardhasdonetoyoungstudents.Thewings,representativeof
dreamsandimagination,areclippedbythecruelteacherwhoforceshisstudentsto
conformtoasingularstandard.
Asstudentmyself,Iurgeteacherstoreexaminesuchpractices.Infact,two
thousandyearsago,thegreatthinkerConfuciussuggestedthatweshouldeducate
studentsinwaysthatsuitedtheirowndifferences.Thisadviceisstilltrueand
especiallytruefortoday'steachers.What'smore,thepurposeofeducationshould
betotrainindependentthinkers,ratherthanmassivelyproducemachineswitha
similarbrain.)
解析:這是一篇看圖作文。要求考生先簡單描述圖片內(nèi)容,繼而就“一刀
切式的教育”這個話題發(fā)表自己的見解。根據(jù)題目要求,可將文章內(nèi)容安排如下:
第一段簡單描繪圖片內(nèi)容:一名教師手拿一把剪刀,正準備剪掉學(xué)生背后
的翅膀。
第二段點明圖片意圖:譴責(zé)“一刀切式”教育對學(xué)生造成的傷害。
第三段發(fā)表個人見解:不贊同老師將學(xué)生訓(xùn)練得整齊劃一。原因有二:一
是孔子曾提出的“因材施教”理念。二是教育的要務(wù)是培養(yǎng)不同學(xué)生的獨立思考
能力,而非要大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)思想相似的機器。
[參考譯文]圖中一名教師正拿著一把剪刀,準備剪掉其中一個學(xué)生背后的
翅膀。事實上,已經(jīng)有兩名學(xué)生的翅膀被剪成碎片散落在地上了。
該圖無疑譴責(zé)了“一刀切式”的教育對年輕學(xué)生所造成的損害。翅膀代表
著夢想和想象力,但卻橫遭老師的摧殘,原因是老師想迫使學(xué)生迎合統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準。
身為學(xué)生的我想敦促老師們重新審視此種教育模式。實際上,兩千年前,
偉大的思想家孔子就提出應(yīng)因材施教。該思想在今天對教師來說仍然適用,而且
尤為適用。此外,教育的目的應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)能獨立思考的個體,而不是大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
思想相似的機器。
PartIIListeningComprehension(總題數(shù):0,分數(shù):0.00)
SectionA(總題數(shù):7,分數(shù):0.00)
.Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.
1.(分數(shù):14.20)
A.Christmas-timeattacksmadebySomalirebels.
B.AnexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi.V
C.Thekillingofmorethan70UgandansinKampala.
0.BlastssetoffbyaSomaligroupinUganda'scapital.
解析:[聽力原文]
Kenyanpolicesayonepersonwaskilledand26injuredinanexplosionata
busstationincentralNairobi.TheblasthitabusabouttosetofffortheUgandan
capitalKampala.LastJuly,theSomaligroupal-Shababsaiditwasbehindtheblastsin
theUgandancapitalwhichkilledmorethan70people.WillRossreportsfromthe
Kenyancapital.
Theexplosionhappenedbesideabuswhichwasabouttosetoffforan
overnightjourneyfromNairobitotheUgandancapitalKampala.Someeyewitnesses
reportthatabagwasabouttobeloadedonboard,butitexplodedduringasecurity
check.Windowsoftheredbuswereleftsmashed,andbloodcouldbeseenonthe
groundbesidethevehicle.Justhoursearlier,Uganda'spolicechiefhadwarnedof
possibleChristmas-timeattacksbySomalirebels.
Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
本題為主旨題。新聞報道通常開篇便直接點出報道的主題。錄音首句說,肯
尼亞警方公布關(guān)于一起在內(nèi)羅比中部某巴士站發(fā)生的爆炸事件的情況(an
explosionatabusstationincentralNairobi),B基本是對此處錄音關(guān)鍵信息的原詞
復(fù)現(xiàn),故為答案。A出現(xiàn)在錄音末尾,但錄音結(jié)尾說的是烏干達警方早前發(fā)出的
恐襲警告,與本篇新聞的主題“肯尼亞這次爆炸事件”不符。C出自錄音前面部
分,但這是發(fā)生在去年7月的事情,也非本篇新聞主題。D利用原詞setoff進行
干擾。
.Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.
3.(分數(shù):14.20)
A.ltislikelytoclosemanyofitsstores.J
B.ltisknownforthequalityofitsgoods.
C.ltremainscompetitiveintherecession.
D.ltwillexpanditsonlineretailbusiness.
解析:[聽力原文]
WoolworthsisoneofthebestknownnamesontheBritishHighStreet.It's
beeninbusinessnearlyacentury.Manyofits800storesarelikelytoclosefollowing
thecompany'sdecisiontocallinadministratorsafteranattempttosellthebusiness
foratoken£1failed.
Thecompanyhashugedebts.Theimmediatecauseforthecollapsehasbeen
Britain'sslidetowardrecession,whichhascutintoconsumerspending.However,the
businesshadbeenintroubleforyears.
Knownforlow-pricedgeneralgoods,Woolworthshasstruggledinthefaceof
competitionfromsupermarketsexpandingbeyondgroceriesandanewgeneration
ofinternetretailers.
Manyofthestoregroup's25,000employeesarelikelytolosetheirjobs.
SomeprofitableareassuchastheDVDpublishingbusinesswillsurvive.
WhatdowelearnaboutWoolworthsfromthenewsreport?
本題考查細節(jié)信息。本篇新聞講的是沃爾沃斯公司(Woolworths)的情況,開
篇不久就說到該公司800家門店中有很多可能會關(guān)閉(Manyofits800storesare
likelytoclose),A"它很可能會關(guān)閉許多門店”與錄音內(nèi)容相符,為本題答案。
錄音中后部分提到沃爾沃斯公司素以“廉價雜貨”出名,并非B所說的“它以商
品質(zhì)量著稱二錄音中段提到,導(dǎo)致沃爾沃斯公司垮掉的直接原因是英國的經(jīng)濟
衰退,C“它在經(jīng)濟衰退中仍保有競爭力”與報道事實相悖。錄音說到,沃爾沃
斯公司在面對來自超市和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)零售商的競爭時都已經(jīng)舉步維艱,更別說要擴展
網(wǎng)上零售業(yè)務(wù)了,故排除D"它會擴展其網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售業(yè)務(wù)二
.Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.
5.(分數(shù):21,30)
A.AIItaxisbegantousemeters.
B.AIItaxisgotairconditioning.
C.Advertisementswereallowedontaxis.
D.OIdtaxiswerereplacedwithnewcabs.J
解析:[聽力原文]
Cairoisknownforitsovercrowdedroads,irregulardrivingpracticesandshaky
oldvehicles,butalsoforitsairpollution.Inrecentmonths,though,environmental
studiesindicatetherehavebeensignsofimprovement.That'sdueinparttothe
removalofmanyofthecapital'sold-fashionedblackandwhitetaxis.Mostofthese
datedbacktothe1960sand70sandwereinapoorstateofrepair..
Afternewlegislationdemandedtheirremovalfromtheroads,alowinterest
loanschemewassetupwiththreeEgyptianbankssodriverscouldbuynewcars.The
governmentpaysabout$900foroldonestobediscardedandadvertisingonthe
newvehicleshelpscoverrepayments.
Theideahasprovedpopularwithcustomers——theycannowtravelin
air-conditionedcomfortmumbecausethenewcabsaremetered,theydon'thaveto
argueoverfares.Banksandearmanufacturersaregladfortheextrabusinessin
tougheconomictimes.Asforthetaxidrivers,mostaredelightedtobebehindthe
wheelofnewcars,althoughtherehavebeenafewcomplaintsaboutswitchingfrom
blackandwhitetoaplainwhitecolour.
WhatchangetookplaceinCairorecently?
題目問開羅最近發(fā)生了什么改變。新聞開頭先說開羅的交通狀況十分糟糕,
且空氣污染嚴重,接著話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),說近幾個月來有所改善,部分原因是撤掉了許
多老舊出租車。D“舊出租車換成了新車”與錄音內(nèi)容相符,為本題答案。報道
提到“舊車換成新車”受到乘客歡迎,因為他們?nèi)缃褡鲎廛嚳梢韵硎艿娇照{(diào)帶
來的舒適感,并且由于新車裝有咪表,他們無須再跟司機討價還價。A、B說法
過于絕對(Alltaxis),錄音開頭只是說撤掉了許多舊出租車(removalofmanyof...),
many并不等同于AIL新聞里是說在新車上打廣告的收入有助于司機償還車款,
并未提及之前是否允許在出租車上做廣告,C的說法缺乏依據(jù)。
SectionB(總題數(shù):8,分數(shù):0.00)
.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.(分數(shù):28.40)
A.lthasapartnershipwithLCP.
B.ltisheadquarteredinLondon.
C.ltspecializesinsafetyfromleaks.
D.lthasachemicalprocessingplant.V
解析:[聽力原文]
W:Morning,thisisTGC.
M:Goodmorning.WalterBarryhere,callingfromLondon.CouldIspeakto
Mr.Grand,please?
W:Who'scalling,please?
M:WalterBarry,fromLondon.
W:Whatisitabout,please?
M:Well,Iunderstandthatyourcompanyhasachemicalprocessingplant.My
owncompany,LCP,LiquidControlProducts,isaleaderinsafetyfromleaksinthe
fieldofchemicalprocessing.IwouldliketospeaktoMr.Grandtodiscusswaysin
whichwecouldhelpTGCprotectitselffromsuchproblemsandsavemoneyatthe
sametime.
W:Yes,Isee.Well,Mr.Grandisnotavailablejustnow.
M:CanyoutellmewhenIcouldreachhim?
W:He'sverybusyforthenextfewdays一thenhellbeawayinNewYork.So
it'sdifficulttogiveyouatime.
M:CouldIspeaktosomeoneelse,perhaps?
W:Whoinparticular?
M:Acolleagueforexample?
W:You'respeakingtohispersonalassistant.IcandealwithcallsforMr.
Grand.
M:Yes,well,couldIringhimtomorrow?
W:No,I'msorryhewon'tbefreetomorrow.Listen,letmesuggestsomething.
Yousendusdetailsofyourproductsandservices,togetherwithreferencesfrom
othercompaniesandthenwe'llcontactyou.
M:Yes,that'sverykindofyou.Ihaveyouraddress.
W:Verygood,Mr...
M:Barry.WalterBarryfromLCPinLondon.
W:Right,Mr.Barry.Welookforwardtohearingfromyou.
M:Thankyou.Goodbye.
W:Bye.
Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman'scompany?
該題考查女士公司的情況。男士了解到女士的公司有化學(xué)加工工廠(chemical
processingplant)0D所述與此相符,故為答案。根據(jù)對話,LCP在試圖與女士所
在的公司建立伙伴關(guān)系,目前尚未開展合作,故A“它和LCP公司有合作關(guān)系”
不對。B“它的總部在倫敦”指的是男士公司的情況。C”它專攻泄露安全”是男
士公司的業(yè)務(wù),而非女士公司的專攻方向。
.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyonhavejustheard.
5.(分數(shù):28.40)
A.Teacher.V
BJournalist.
C.Editor.
D.Typist.
解析:[聽力原文]
M:You'regoingtowearoutthecomputer'skeyboard!
W:Oh,hi.
M:Doyouhaveanyideawhattimeitis?
W:Abouttenorten-thirty?
M:It'snearlymidnight.
W:Really?Ididn'tknowitwassolate.
M:Don'tyouhaveanearlyclasstoteachtomorrowmorning?
W:Yes,atseveno'clock.Mycommuterclass,thestudentswhogotowork
rightaftertheirlesson.
M:Thenyououghttogotobed.Whatareyouwriting,anyway?
W:AnarticleIhopeIcansell.
M:Oh,anotherofyournewspaperpieces?What'sthisoneabout?
W:DoyourememberthetripItooklastmonth?
M:TheoneuptotheAmazon?
W:Well,that'swhatI'mwritingabout一thenewhighwayandthechangesit's
makingintheAmazonvalley.
M:Itshouldbeinteresting.
W:Itis.Iguessthat'swhyIforgotallaboutthetime.
M:Howmanyarticleshaveyousoldnow?
W:Aboutadozensofar.
M:Whatkindofnewspapersbuythem?
W:Thepapersthatcarryalotofforeignnews.Theyusuallyappearinthebig
Sundayeditionswheretheyneedalotofbackgroundstoriestohelpfillupthespace
betweentheads.
M:Isthereanyfutureinit?
W:Ihopeso.There'sachanceImaysellthisarticletoanewsservice.
M:Thenyourstorywouldbepublishedinseveralpapers,wouldn'tit?
W:That'stheidea.AndImightevenbeabletodootherstoriesonaregular
basis.
M:Thatwouldbegreat.
Whatisthewoman'soccupation?
對話中男士問女士“你明天一早沒有課要教嗎?”女士回答“有,早上七點,
一堂走讀班的課,學(xué)生上完課后還要去工作工由此可知,女士是一位老師。對
話首句說到了computer'skeyboard,但女士只是用電腦工作,而非D項"打字員"。
B項“記者”和C項“編輯”都是借女士后來所說的寫文章賣給報社所設(shè)置的陷
阱,看似相關(guān),實則不同,更非女士的本職工作。
SectionC(總題數(shù):0,分數(shù):0.00)
PassageOne(總題數(shù):3,分數(shù):0.00)
.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
1.(分數(shù):42.60)
A.Sheisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor.V
B.Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves.
C.SheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofalltimes.
D.Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe1930's.
解析:[聽力原文]
Intoday'sclass,we'lldiscussToniMorrison'snovelBeloved.AsI'msureyou
allknow,Morrisonisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor,andit'snoteasy
tobeboth.Bornin1931,Morrisonhaswrittensomeofthemosttouchingand
intelligentworksontheAfrican-Americanexperienceeverwrittenbyanyone,and
yettocallheran"African-Americanwriter"doesn'tseemtodoherjustice.Inmany
ways,she'ssimplyanAmericanwriter——andcertainlyoneofourbest.
Belovedisatrulyremarkablework.Itwasrecommendedfornearlyevery
majorliteraryprize,includingtheNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCritics
CircleAward,anditinfactwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1988.Morrisonherself
isdistinguishedforhavingwontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1993.
WhatmakesBeloveduniqueistheskillful,surewayinwhichMorrisonblends
intenselypersonalstorytellingandAmericanhistory,racialthemesandgender
themes,theexperienceofBlackswiththeexperienceofallpeopleeverywhere,the
down-to-earthrealityofslaverywithasenseofmysteriousspirituality.
Wellbepayingspecialattentiontothesethemesaswediscussthiswork.I'm
particularlyinterestedinyourviewsontherelativeimportanceofraceandgenderin
thisbook.IsitmoreimportantthatSethe,themaincharacter,isblackorthatshe'sa
woman?Whichcontributesmoretoherbeing?WhatdoesMorrisontellusabout
both?
WhatdowelearnaboutToniMorrison?
錄音提到Morrison是一個既受歡迎又備受尊敬的作家,要同時具備這兩點
不容易,A可直接從錄音原文中聽到。錄音只是提及Morrison寫非裔美國人的經(jīng)
歷,沒有B"她是第一位聚焦奴隸命運的作家”的相關(guān)表述:Morrison是美籍作
家,不是非洲小說家,故C“她是所有時代都備受喜愛的非洲小說家”不對;錄
音原文沒有把她的影響力與其他作家對比,故D“她是自20世紀30年代起最有
影響力的作家”沒有原文依據(jù)。
PassageTwo(總題數(shù):3,分數(shù):0.00)
.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
1.(分數(shù):42.60)
A.Theyareverygenerousingivinggifts.
B.Theyrefusegiftswhendoingbusiness.
C.Theyregardgiftsasatokenoffriendship.
D.Theygivegiftsonlyonspecialoccasions.V
解析:[聽力原文]
Thetopicofmytalktodayisgift-giving.Everybodylikestoreceivegifts,right?
Soyoumaythinkthatgift-givingisauniversalcustom.Butactually,therulesof
gift-givingvaryquitealot,andnotknowingthemcanresultingreatembarrassment.
InNorthAmerica,therulesarefairlysimple.Ifyou'reinvitedtosomeone'shomefor
dinner,bringwineorflowersorasmallitemfromyourcountry.Amongfriends,
family,andbusinessassociates,wegenerallydon'tgivegiftsonotheroccasions
exceptonsomeone*sbirthdayandChristmas.TheJapanese,ontheotherhand,give
giftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeonefortheirkindess.Thetraditionof
gift-givinginJapanisveryancient.Therearemanydetailedrulesforeverythingfrom
thecolorofthewrappingpapertothetimeofthegiftpresentation.Andwhile
Europeansdon'tgenerallyexchangebusinessgifts,theydofollowsomeformal
customswhenvisitinghomes,suchasbringingflowers.Thetypeandcolorofflowers,
however;cancarryspecialmeaning.
Todaywehaveseensomebroaddifferencesingift-giving.Icouldgoonwith
additionalexamples.Butlet'snotmissthemainpointhere:Ifwearenotawareof
andsensitivetoculturaldifferences,thepossibilitiesformiscommunicationand
conflictareenormous.Whetherwelearnaboutthesedifferencesbyreadingabook
orbylivingabroad,ourgoalmustbetorespectdifferencesamongpeopleinorderto
getalongsuccessfullywithourglobalneighbors.
Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutgift-givingofNorthAmericans?
錄音的開頭就介紹美國人的送禮習(xí)俗,其中提到在朋友、親人和生意伙伴之
間,除了生日和圣誕等特殊場合,一般不送禮(don'tgivegifts...exceptonsomeone's
birthdayandChristmas),D項“他們只在特殊場合送禮”,是對錄音內(nèi)容的反話正
說,表達內(nèi)容一致。A項中的generous“慷慨”沒有根據(jù)。雖然北美人只在特殊
場合送禮,但并不代表他們在談生意時不會收禮,B項錯誤。C項“他們把禮物
當(dāng)成友誼的象征”也沒有原文根據(jù)。
PassageThree(總題數(shù):4,分數(shù):0.00)
.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
1.(分數(shù):56.80)
A.Shetenderlylookedafterhersickmother.
B.Shedevelopedastronginterestinfinance.J
C.Shelearnedtowriteforfinancialnewspapers.
D.SheinvestedinstocksandsharesonWallStreet.
解析:[聽力原文]
HettyGreenwasaveryspoilt,onlychild.ShewasborninMassachusetts,USA,
in1835.Herfatherwasamillionairebusinessman.Hermotherwasoftenill,andso
fromtheageoftwoherfathertookherwithhimtoworkandtaughtherabout
stocksandshares.Attheageofsixshestartedreadingthedailyfinancialnewspapers
andopenedherownbankaccount.
Herfatherdiedwhenshewas21andsheinherited$7.5million.Shewentto
NewYorkandinvestedonWallStreet.Hettysavedeverypenny,eatinginthe
cheapestrestaurantsfor15cents.Shebecameoneoftherichestandmosthated
womenintheworld.At33shemarriedEdwardGreen,amultimillionaire,andhad
twochildren,NedandSylvia.
Hetty'smeannesswaswellknown.Shealwaysarguedaboutpricesinshops.
Shewalkedtothelocalgrocerystoretobuybrokenbiscuitswhichweremuch
cheaper,andtogetafreeboneforhermuchloveddog.Onceshelostatwo-cent
stampandspentthenightlookingforit.Sheneverboughtclothesandalwayswore
thesamelong,raggedblackskirt.Worstofall,whenhersonNedfellandinjuredhis
knee,sherefusedtopayforadoctorandspenthourslookingforfreemedicalhelp.
IntheendNedlosthisleg.
Whenshediedin1916sheleftherchildren$100million.Herdaughterbuilta
hospitalwithhermoney.
WhatdowelearnaboutHettyGreenasachild?
錄音提到HettyGreen從6歲開始就閱讀財經(jīng)日報,并開設(shè)了個人銀行賬戶。
B“她對財經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣”是對該信息的概括,故為答案。錄音開頭介紹
過HettyGreen的母親身體不好,但沒說她照顧母親,因此A“她體貼地照看生
病的母親”不對。錄音說的是HettyGreen從小開始看財經(jīng)報紙,而非C“她學(xué)
著為財經(jīng)報紙寫稿:在華爾街投資是HettyGreen在21歲以后做的事情,題目
問她小時候的情況,故應(yīng)排除D“她在華爾街投資股票和證券”。
PartIIIReadingComprehension(總題數(shù):0,分數(shù):0.00)
SectionA(總題數(shù):10,分數(shù):0.00)
.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthat
Earth'soceansnow1heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalf
ofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonline
inNatureClimateChange.
Warmingwatersareknownto2tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)and
theytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea3.Whilethetopof
theoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto4.Theresearchers
gathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter5of
heatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperature
readingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury6ofBritishnaval
shipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,7with
computersimulations(計算機模擬),createdatimelineofoceantemperature
changes,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossil
fuel8.
About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialera
nowresidesata9ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysay
they're10whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea's
surface.
A.absorb
B.combined
C.contribute
D.depth
E.emissions
F.excursion
G.explore
H.floor
I.heights
J.indifferent
K.levels
L.mixed
M.picture
N.unsure
0.voyage(分數(shù):35.50)
1.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:___________________(正確答案:A)
解析:通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中缺少謂語動詞二與
后面theydid18yearsago中的did對應(yīng)。此外,空格前的時間副詞now提示,
空格處應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在時的動詞。結(jié)合下一句的heatintake“熱量吸收”,可知詞庫
動詞中的absorb“吸收”符合要求,故選A。
[參考譯文]海洋正在升溫,這是一項新研究得出的結(jié)論。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)
在海洋吸收熱量的速度是18年前的兩倍。在發(fā)表于《自然氣候變化》(網(wǎng)絡(luò)版)
的報告中,研究人員稱,自1865年以來海洋吸收的熱量中,大約有一半是來自
于1997年以后。
已知海域變暖會造成珊瑚白化;而且相較于冷的水域,變暖的海域需占據(jù)
更大的空間,從而造成海平面上升。雖然海洋的表層已被深入研究,但要探索深
層海域,難度就大很多。研究人員收集了150年來的海洋溫度數(shù)據(jù),以便能更好
地了解從海面到海底的熱量吸收情況。他們通過能利用的一切事物來收集溫度數(shù)
據(jù),從19世紀英國海軍艦艇的航行記錄到現(xiàn)代自動化海洋探測儀。研究人員將
廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)源與計算機模擬相結(jié)合,創(chuàng)建了海洋溫度變化的年表,其中包括了火
山爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致的降溫和化石燃料排放物導(dǎo)致的變暖。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),工業(yè)時代海洋吸收的熱量中,大約35%儲存在700多米深
的水域。他們稱,不確定深海變暖是否抵消了海面的變暖。
2.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:C)
解析:beknownto后通常有兩種用法:sth.beknowntosb.“為某人所知”
以及sth.beknowntod。sth.“人們已知,某物會后一種用法符合此處的
結(jié)構(gòu),故空格處應(yīng)填入動詞原形,且能與to構(gòu)成搭配。詞庫動詞原形中,只有
contribute符合此處的結(jié)構(gòu),contributeto表示"造成",代入空格,意為''已知
海域變暖會造成珊瑚白化”。
3.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:K)
解析:空格前提到,變暖海域相比較冷水域而言,會占據(jù)更多空間。占據(jù)
更多空間,意味著“海平面”上升,sealevels表示“海平面”,故選K。本題需
注意排除heights“高度,海拔",heights指的是某物或某人的高度,一般不跟sea
連用,可排除。
4.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:G)
解析:空格所在句為sth.isdifficultto...,其中to后應(yīng)填入動詞原形,與sth.
構(gòu)成動賓搭配,BPto...sth.isdifficulto由句首的While可知,空格所在分句與前
一分句形成“對比”,上一分句提到“海洋表層已被深入研究”,與之相對的應(yīng)是
“深層海域較難研究”,故空格處應(yīng)填入與studied“研究”近義的詞,詞庫中的
explore“探索”符合要求,故選G。
5.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:M)
解析:空格前為abetter(形容詞比較級),空格后為介詞短語。f...,故空格
處應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞??崭袂疤岬?,研究人員收集了150年的海洋溫度數(shù)據(jù),這當(dāng)
然能讓研究人員更好地“了解”熱吸收情況。固定搭配togetabetterpictureof...,
表示“更好地理解……”,句意通順,故選M。
6.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:0)
解析:空格前有不定冠詞a,空格后為介詞短語of...,故空格處應(yīng)填入被
19thcentury修飾的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。of后為Britishnavalships"英國海軍的船只”,
數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)海洋,又與海軍有關(guān),故可推斷應(yīng)指船只在海洋中的行駛數(shù)據(jù)。詞庫名
詞中的voyage“航行”強調(diào)水陸或空中長距離的航行,符合語境,故答案選。。
本題需注意排除F項,excursion表示“旅行”時,通常指短途旅行,旅游度假等,
不如voyage貼切。
7.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:B)
解析:觀察空格前后的成分,句子主干Theextensivedatasources...createda
timelineof...句子成分完艇,故空格所在的...withcomputersimulations是非謂語成
分,考慮填入非謂語動詞,即現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞,且能與with搭配。詞庫中
的combined"結(jié)合,組合”符合要求,填入文中,combinedwithcomputer
simulations相當(dāng)于whichiscombinedwith...,修飾datasources,指數(shù)據(jù)與計算機
模擬相結(jié)合,句意通順。L項mixed“混合”強調(diào)的是把各種成分混合起來,不
強調(diào)結(jié)合成一個有機整體,不如combined合適,故排除。
8.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:E)
解析:仔細觀察空格所在的including短語,會發(fā)現(xiàn)coolingfromvolcanic
outbreaks和warmingfromfossilfuel...是對稱的結(jié)構(gòu),因此空格處應(yīng)填入跟
outbreaks一樣的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,詞庫的復(fù)數(shù)名詞中,只有emissions符合語法要求。
該詞有“排出物,排放物”的意思、,代入指“化石燃料排放物導(dǎo)致的變暖”,句
意通順,故選E。
9.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:D)
解析:空格前有a,空格后為介詞短語of,因此空格處應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞單
數(shù)。根據(jù)下一句的deep-seawarming“深海變暖”,可推斷此處表示“工業(yè)時代
海洋吸收的熱量中,大約35%儲存在700多米深的水域”,詞庫中的depth“深
度”符合要求,故選D。
10.(分數(shù):3.55)
填空項1:(正確答案:N)
解析:空格后的關(guān)鍵詞whether“是否”說明這些研究人員對于“深海變
暖能否抵消海面變暖”是不確定的,詞庫中能表示不確定含義的詞為unsure,故
選No詞庫中的indifferent“冷漠的”后通常接介詞短語to...,不接從句,且
indifferent也沒有“不確定”的含義,可排除。
SectionB(總題數(shù):10,分數(shù):0,00)
TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKids
A.Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation—andhow
peoplepersevereaftersetbacks一asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversity
inthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvania
hadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationis
hopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremains
passiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange——astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.
B.Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhen
theyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostrive
andlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhad
failed.
C.Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepresses
motivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItolda
groupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledto
theirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.
Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccesson
easierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.These
experimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessand
generatesuccess.
D.Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneral
classesoflearners一helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypes
ofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent
"theories"ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixed
characteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat'sthat.Icallthisa"fixed
mind-set(」里維模式)Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattribute
errorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallenges
becausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,onthe
otherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducation
andhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthan
intimidating(令人生畏);theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsucha
growthmind-setweredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequite
likelytooutperformtheircounterparts.
E.Wevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwoother
psychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthetransitionto
juniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,to
determinehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningof
seventhgrade,weassessedthestudents'mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeor
disagreewithstatementssuchas"Yourintelligenceissomethingverybasicabout
youthatyoucan'treallychange."Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspects
oflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.
F.Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasa
moreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkin
highregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbya
setbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidthey
wouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixed
mind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.
Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignof
lowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedto
workhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewit
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