+Unit4+Adversity+and+courage+Words+and+Expressions+單詞講解課件-【知識精研+拓展提升】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

WordsandExpressionsUnit4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEadversity

n.困境;逆境inadversity在困境/逆境中introuble處于麻煩中inneed在危難/貧困中adverseadj.不利的，有害的，敵對的Adversitymakesamanwise,notrich.逆境出人才。(續(xù)寫主旨句)只有遇到真正的逆境，我們才知道自己是誰。

Wedon’tknowwhoweareuntilwehavefacedrealadversity.各種“工資”的表達salary

wage

earnings

income

pay

foradangerousjourney:smallwages,bittercold...averylow/highwage非常低/高的工資n.月薪或年薪n.(按小時或者按周付的）工資

n.（靠勞動所得到的）收入

n.收入、收益

(包括勞動收益、投資收益和其他非勞動收益)n.(工作所得的)薪水，工資，報酬派生：bitternessn.嚴寒，苦難bitterlyadv.痛苦地，極其，非常souradj.酸的

sweetadj.甜的spicyadj.辣的saltyadj.咸的(續(xù)寫敘述句)我好幾周都沉浸在憤怒和痛苦中。

Angerandbitternesscovereduponmeforweeks．foradangerousjourney:smallwages,bittercold...endurancen.忍耐力

endure

vt.忍耐/忍受endurable

adj.可忍受的，能忍耐的beyondendurance忍無可忍

can’tenduredoing/todo不能忍受做某事eg：他不能忍受被欺騙。

Hecan’tendurebeingcheated.Hecan’tenduretobecheated.Attheageof19，Iamfitandfullofvigour.vigorous/?v?ɡ?r?s/adj.精力充沛的;充滿活力的;強健的bevigorous精力充沛=befullofenergy/vigour=beenergetic=bedynamicHowever，whenIappliedtojointheexpedition，ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.turndown

拒絕(=reject=refuse=decline)；調小(音量)Wehaveturneddownfourapplicantsalready.CanyouturntheTVdown?I'mtryingtoworkturnsth.down 調低turnon/off 打開/關掉turnout 結果是；證明是turnto 求助于；翻到turnin 上交；退還turnover 翻身；翻轉；移交turnup調大，開大(音量等);出現(xiàn)qualified

adj.符合資格的;具備…的知識bequalifiedfor(doing)sth

具備……資格；適合擔任……的bequalifiedtodosth.

有資格做某事qualify

vt.&vi. (使)具備資格；(使)合格qualifysb.for…

使某人適合/有……的資格qualification

n.資格；資歷；資格證書

havethequalificationsfor

有資格做某事單句語法填空(1)Allthecolleaguesconsiderhimtobeavery________(qualify)teacherinthisschool.(2)ManypeoplethinkMrLiisquitequalified________(be)headmasterofthisschool.(3)ShegraduatedfromauniversityandIthinksheisqualified________thisposition.(5)Hiswifehasthe__________

_(qualify)forlawyer,butsheisnowworkinginacompany.qualifiedtobeforqualificationsButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboard

hisship,theEndurance...enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的beenthusiasticabout...

對...熱情enthusiasmn.熱情；熱忱with(great)enthusiasm（非常）熱情地fullofenthusiasm充滿熱情enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的單句語法填空①He’salwaysbeenveryenthusiastic________sports.②Today,Iamjustas________________(enthusiasm)aboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted.③Everyday,sheworks________________(enthusiastical).aboutenthusiasticenthusiasticallyButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboard

hisship,theEndurance...aboardadv.&prep.上（船、飛機、公共汽車等）Welcomeaboard！歡迎乘坐！Allaboard！

請大家上船/火車/公共汽車！abroadadv.在國外；到國外goabroad出國athomeandabroad國內外aboard

prep.&adv.上(船、火車、飛機等)

形近字：abroad

adv.在國外，到國外

boardvi.&vt.上船(火車、飛機、公共汽車等)；vi.寄宿；n.木板;董事會；委員會；伙食broadadj.廣闊的，寬闊的；廣泛的；概括的assign

vt.

分派；布置；分配assignsb.todosth

指派某人做某事assignsbsth=assignsthtosb

給某人分配(布置)某物assignsbassth

委派某人任某職assignment

n.任務；作業(yè)；分配；指派atoughassignment一項艱巨的任務assignment

toguardeachofthechildadifferenttask

adifferenttasktoeachofthechildenvysbsth羨慕/妒忌某人某事envysb.(doing)sth.羨慕/妒忌某人有某物/做某事withenvy

羨慕地，妒忌地be/becometheenvyof...

成為令...羨慕/妒忌的對象Ienvyyouhavingsuchaclosefamily.Allmyneighbors

envied

(me)mynewcar.Allmyneighbourswatchedmynewcarwithenvy.Mynewcarwastheenvyofallmyneighbours.envious

adj.

羨慕的，嫉妒的HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!envyv.羨慕；妒忌envysb.(doing)sth.羨慕/妒忌某人有某物/做某事Peoplecan’thelpenvyingthemfortheirwagesandlifestyle.人們禁不住羨慕他們的收入和生活方式。n.羨慕；妒忌withenvy羨慕地；妒忌地outofenvy出于忌妒be/becometheenvyof成為令...羨慕/妒忌的對象Andwhentheshipsank,ourheartssankwithit.sink-sank/sunk-sunkv.沉沒；下沉；下降；使下沉；使沉沒Hesankonto/intothechair,cryinghiseyesout.悲傷如潮水一般涌來。他倒在椅子上,悲痛欲絕。Watchingthebeautifulsinkingsun,Mr.Kingwassunkinthought.

看著美麗的落日，金先生陷入了沉思中。abandonv.舍棄；拋棄；放棄abandonedadj.被拋棄的；被遺棄的beabandonedby被....拋棄abandononeselfto(doing)sth沉溺于(做)abandondoingsth放棄做....Thechildwasabandonedbyhisparents.Eventuallytheabandonedboywasfoundwanderinginthestreet，abandoninghimselftodespair.Beforeweabandonedtheship,Shackloncalmlycalledustogether...n.放任；放縱withabandon放縱地belongingsn.[pl.]財物；財產(chǎn)同類表達：savings(積蓄），earnings(工資，），leavings(剩飯），surroundings(環(huán)境）。blanketn.毯子

生義：籠罩，使模糊尷尬的沉默籠罩了整個房間。Anembarrassedsilenceblanketedtheroom.miseryn.痛苦，苦難=pain/hardship/bitterness派生：miserableadj.痛苦的，令人難受的

miserablyadv.痛苦地，糟糕地同義形容詞：painful/bitterHe

shook

his

head

miserably,

tears

pouring

down

his

cheeks.他難過地搖搖頭,

潸然淚下。ThereIstood,frozen,overwhelmedby

misery.我站在那里，一動不動，悲痛欲絕。

selfishadj.自私的selflessadj.無私的

派生：selfnessn.自私selflessnessn.無私Itwasherselflessnessanddevotionthatsavedtheoldlady.`(續(xù)寫主旨句)是她的無私和奉獻救了那位老太太。(仿寫)正是Tom的無私使我明白了善良的寶貴。ItwasTom’sselflessnessthattaughtmethevalueofkindness.

perseverance

n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神perseverantadj.能堅持的,鍥而不舍的,堅持不懈的persevere

v.堅持；孜孜以求perseverein(doing)sth堅持（做）某事

perseverewithsth/sb堅持……,鍥而不舍

Sheperseveredinherideadespiteobviousobjectionsraisedbyfriends.雖然朋友們明確反對,她還是堅持己見。He

perseveredwith

herpainolesson.（1）resolvetodosth.決定做某事

=resolveondoingsth.=makearesolutiontodosth.（2）aresolutiontotheproblem針對問題的解決方法單句語法填空①Theymadeafirmresolve________(set)upacompanyoftheirowntorealizetheirdream.②Mikeresolved________(run)forthemayoroftheircity.③Hehasalreadyresolvedon________(ask)Maryformarriage.④Theyhaven’tfoundaproper________(resolve)tothatproblem.tosettorunresolutionaskingTheirgenuineconcernforothers,theirperseverance,andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.(1)itiscrueltodosth.becrueltosb.對某人殘酷(2)crueltyn.Herfacewasfullofgloomandcruelty.

她臉色陰沉,表情冷酷。Ican’tstandpeoplewhoarecrueltoanimals.Itwascruelofthemtomakethedonkeycarrysuchaheavyload.LifewascrueltoOliverwhenhewasyoung.thorough

adj.深入的；徹底的；細致的ProfessorZhanghasathoroughknowledgeofTangpoetry.

對....了解透徹thoroughly

adv.

徹底地；完全地

I’mthoroughlyconfused.【易混辨析】ThoughunderstandingEnglishistough,itcanbeunderstoodthrough

thought.furniture[U]n.家具apiece/anitemoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具furnishv.為...配備家具befurnishedwith配備著...Unfortunately,hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewastooyoungandnotqualifiedenough.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地fortunatelyadv.幸運地fortunen.運氣fortunateadj.幸運的unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunatelyadv.幸運地unfortunatelyadj.不幸地guidev.指導，帶領n.指南，手冊，向導派生：guidancen.指導，引導，導航underone’sguidance＝undertheguidanceofsb.

在某人的指導下(2021新高考Ⅰ卷續(xù)寫)父親毫不猶豫地帶領他們準備年夜飯。Withouthesitation,theirfatherguidedthemtoprepareforthefestivefeast.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷續(xù)寫)令他們欣慰的是，在父親的指導下，他們成功地做好了早餐。Totheirrelief,withtheguidanceoffather,theysuccessfullymadethebreakfast.Thecompanyislaunchinganadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.advertisev.公布；宣傳；做廣告OurschoolisadvertisingforanEnglishteacheronline.我們學校正在網(wǎng)上等廣告要招聘一名英語老師。Mr.Armstrongadvertisedforaladytoteachhisdaughtertoplaythepiano.Mr.Armstrong登廣告請了以為女士教女兒彈鋼琴。advertisingn.廣告業(yè)；廣告活動advertisementn.廣告advertisern.廣告商人roughadj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的roughlyadv.大約；大致；差不多

roughlyspeaking粗略地說roughground高低不平的地面

形近:toughadj.困難的（hard）；粗暴的；強硬的；堅韌的navigatorn.領航員；航行者

navigatev.領航，航行navigationn.航行l(wèi)oyaladj.忠誠的

loyaltyn.忠誠

beloyaltosb對某人忠誠makefire生火fire短語:catchfire著火（動作）beonfire著火（狀態(tài)）putoutafire滅火setsthonfire縱火；使著火

setfiretosth放火燒。。Theexplorersmadeafiretokeepoffwildanimals.Thebasementcan’tcatchfirebyitself;someonemustsetfire

it.togiveoff

放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)giveaway

贈送；分發(fā)；泄露giveout

發(fā)出光/熱/信號;分發(fā)；耗盡,用光giveback

歸還；送回givein

屈服；讓步giveup

放棄完成句子1)Itisn’tmine;Imustgiveit________totheowner.2)TheEnglishteachergave___________theexaminationpapersat7:50．3)Ican’tanswerthatpuzzle;Igive________.backout/awayup/incommitment

n.承諾；保證；奉獻makeacommitmenttodosth.承諾/許諾做某事(1)commitvt.做（錯誤的事、壞事），犯罪commitamistake犯錯誤

commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自殺(2)commitvt.承諾，投入commitoneselftodoingsth.承諾保證/專心做某事=becommittedtodoingsthAchievingsuccessatthislevelrequiresacommitmentoftimeandenergy.

committedadj.忠誠的；堅定的motiven.動機；目的；原因、motivatev.使有動機；激發(fā)積極性；刺激（stimulate）motivation

n.動力，誘因；積極性，干勁amotivefor(doing)sth.做某事的動機Itisunclearwhatthemotiveforhercomingwas.signup

注冊；簽名；報名

signupforsth.報名參加某項活動Whoeverwantstogotheremustsignuphere.Canyoutellmewheretosignupfortravelling?Practice1.(2020·全國I卷）Theyarequalified________themarathon.for2.(2019·天津二考）Touchedbytheir______