最全的高中英語主謂一致講解與練習(xí)-(精華版)

./高中英語之"主謂一致"〔**主謂一致的概念.所謂主謂一致是指"主語和謂語動詞"之間,即〔主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著〔謂語動詞對應(yīng)的形式.主謂一致的種類一、[語法一致]1.<and連接>兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：<1>如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

他和她都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生.〔2如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物,或者指同一概念的時候,謂語要用單數(shù).Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演.Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上.2.如果主語是<不定式,動詞ing形式或主語從句>的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù).Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么時候要來看起來很重要.Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛好.Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀..3.定語從句的<關(guān)系代詞who,which,that>在從句中作主語時,要與<先行詞>的人稱和數(shù)保持一致.Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)<隨主語的變化>而變化.例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹.二、[意義一致原則]指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義.〔有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù).不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定.Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了.Alloftheapple____rotten.整個蘋果都爛了.Noneofthemoney_____left.沒有剩下一點錢.Noneofthestudents_____there.沒有學(xué)生在那里.2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,<謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致>.Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文.Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋果壞了.About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3.集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù).主要由句子的意思決定.強調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時,動詞則用復(fù)數(shù).這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group.Hisfamily____goingout.他們?nèi)乙獬?Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?4.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù).people指"民族"時是例外.Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing.Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你.Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒找到.一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等.但如果主語用"akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞"構(gòu)成時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式.如：Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了.Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了.7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù).Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科.如：不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞<即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時>,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞,整個短語在句中作主語時,謂語動詞常使用單數(shù).Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功.Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽不到任何聲音.9.以anumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語的時候,其謂語動詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等.Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使.Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使.11.如果主語有morethanone很多非?！騧anya許多……構(gòu)成,oneandahalf與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語.盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式.如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.但是,"more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone"結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.Manyaboyhasseenit.許多孩子都看到了.12.書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.三、[就近原則]either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在therebe句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致.NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.四、就前原則aswellas,togetherwith,but,except,like,besides,ratherthan在句子中連接主語的時候,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我.Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位婦女帶著兩個孩子已經(jīng)來了John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.約翰,而不是他的室友,應(yīng)受責備Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看看過這電影[注意事項]thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind<這種書>,其謂語用單數(shù);短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen<口語><這一類人>,但thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語用復(fù)數(shù),allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致.例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3."分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞"構(gòu)成的短語以及由"alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞"構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語.例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有"anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)".但是,"thenumberof+名詞"的中心詞卻是number.試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.a<large>quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù).例如:Quantitiesoffood<nuts>wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為"大量";insmallquantities意為"少量".4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù).例如:5.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable..6.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時,依照意義一致的原則,表示單數(shù)意義時,謂語用單數(shù)；反之,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式.這類名詞有：sheep,deer,means<方法、手段>,works<工廠>,species<種類>7.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致.如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.高中英語主謂一致專項練習(xí)題及答案從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項.

1.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.

A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has

2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.

A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is

3.What_____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.

A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is

4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.Heaswellaswe_____right.

A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are

5.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.

A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is

6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.

A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascome

C.hascome;hascome

D.havecome;havecome

7.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?

A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is

8.Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.

A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are

9.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

10.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.

A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were

11.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.

A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have

12.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.

A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying

13.Twohundredandfiftypounds_____toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.

A.isB.areC.wereD.be

14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

15.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_____aboutit.

A.weretalkingB.wastalkingC.talkD.talks

16.Weeach_____strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_____weakpoints.

A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has

17.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_____motorcyclesinhissparetime.

A.raceB.racesC.isracedD.isracing

18.There_____apen,twopencils,andthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

19.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_____burntlastnight.

A.isB.areC.wereD.was

20.Climbinghills_____ofgreathelptohealth.

A.isB.areC.wereD.be

21.Timeandtide_____fornoman.

A.waitB.waitedC.iswaitingD.haswaited

22.Theinjuredinthetsunami_____goodcareofbysomemedicalteams.

A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.isbeingtaken

23.ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthat_____usexcited.

A.makesB.ismadeC.makeD.aremade

24.Onthecloset_____apairoftrousershisparentsboughtforhisbirthday.

A.lyingB.liesC.lieD.islaid

25.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

26.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth;therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are27.—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?—No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudents_____totheplayground.A.go B.went C.hasgone D.havegone28.—Aretheseyoursheep?—No.Mine_____ongrassatthefootofthehill.A.arefeeding B.feed C.isfed D.isfeeding29.Sittingatthebackoftheroombutinfrontofsomeoldmenandwomen_____averyshygirlwithtwobrighteyes.A.was B.are C.were D.therewas30.Mr.Bush,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter_____goingtoJapannextweek.A.are B.is C.willbe D.wouldbe31.Nottheteacherbutthestudents_____excited.A.is B.has C.are D.have32.AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes_____allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.A.are B.was C.is D.were33._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifths;are C.Twofifth;are D.Twofifths;is答案及部分解析：1-5CBABC6-10BBACB11-15ADAAB16-20DBBDA21-26ABCBBD27-33CAABCCD

1."分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+ofthe+名詞或代詞"作主語時,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式.

2."thenumberof+名詞"作主語,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式."anumberof+名詞"作主語,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

3."分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+ofthepopulation"作主語,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

4.or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等<關(guān)聯(lián)>連詞連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)按"就近原則"處理.注意：即使在疑問句中,動詞的數(shù)也應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致.aswellas連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與前一主語保持一致.

5.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式.但當作表語的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),或what