安徽省黃山市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

黃山市2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。滿分150分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘。答案應(yīng)寫在答題卷上，不能答在試題卷上。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A．Tomakeaninvitation．B．Togiveheradvice．C．Tocheckinformation．2．WhatdidthemandoonSaturday?A．Hetookadrumlesson．B．Heplayedchess．C．Hemadearobot．3．Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Atthetrainstation．B．Attheairport．C．Atthebusstation．4．WhydoesHannahoftenplayballsports?A．Fortheexam．B．Forgoodhealth．C．Forpleasure．5．Whatdidthemanenjoymostlastnight?A．Thebread．B．Thecookies．C．Thepancakes．第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6．Whatdoesthemandislikedoing?A．Sweepingthefloor．B．Washingtheclothes．C．Cleaningthewindows．7．Whatdoesthemanthinkofwashingthedishes?A．It’senjoyable．B．It’sboring．C．It’sdifficult．聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8．Howlongdoesthewomanwanttostayinthehotel?A．Fortwonights．B．Forthreenights．C．Forfournights．9．Howdoesthemansuggestgettingtothecitycenterfromtheairport?A．Bybus．B．Bytaxi．C．Bytrain．10．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Bookaflight．B．Searchforahotel．C．Discusstransportation．聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11．WhatisSteffigoingtodoontheweekend?A．Tidyupherflat．B．Visithergrandpa．C．Organizeaparty．12．WherewillVictorgoontheweekend?A．Thegym．B．Theclub．C．Thestadium．13．WhyisDelbertgoingtothelibrary?A．Toreadsomestories．B．Tofinishtheproject．C．Toreturnabook．聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14．WheredidthemusicproducerfindJosh?A．AtJosh’sschool．B．Nearhisoffice．C．Inaconcerthall．15．HowdidJoshfeelaboutthesalesofhisfirstsong?A．Surprised．B．Happy．C．Sad．16．HowoftendoesJoshworkonhissongs?A．Everyday．B．Threetimesaweek．C．Twiceamonth．17．WhatdoesJoshlikedoinginhisfreetime?A．WatchingTV．B．Playingbasketball．C．Hangingoutwithfriends．聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18．WhatisLara’sfather?A．Anengineer．B．Apainter．C．Adesigner19．WhydidLaradecidetodrawforvideogames?A．Theirimageswereterrible．B．Herteacheradvisedher．C．Itwashighly-paid．20．WhatdidLarastudyatuniversity?A．IT．B．Art．C．Design．第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFourBestNaturalParksinAmericaEvergladesNationalPark,FloridaEvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical(亞熱帶)wildernessreserveinAmerica.Thisamazingdestinationisa1.5-million-acreoceanofgrasswhichflowsgraduallyfromcentralFloridaallthewaysouthtothesea.Thismakesit-animportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee,Americancrocodile,andFloridajaguar.GrandCanyonNationalPark,ArizonaGrandCanyonNationalParkishometooneofthelargestcanyonsintheworld.Ifyouvisitbetweenmid-Mayandmid-October,youcanseetheCanyonfromtheNorthRim.About90%ofallvisitorsseeitfromthe“SouthRim”,becauseitisopenallyearandhaseasy-to-get-tooverlooks.MammothCaveNationalPark,KentuckyThecaveshouse200animals,mostofthembeinginvertebrate(無(wú)脊椎)species.42ofthesespeciesliveintotaldarkness.ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.OlympicNationalPark,WashingtonOlympicNationalParkhasalittlebitofeverythingruggedPacificcoastline,highmountainpeaks,broadsandybeaches,clearlakes,rainforests.Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems,OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.Theparkisanimportanthabitatforspecieslikewildsalmon(鮭魚),northernspottedowls.OlympicNationalParkisverylargeandtherearenoroadsthatcrossthepark.IfyouvisitinAprilorMay,youmayseegraywhalespassbyontheirwaytoAlaska.1.WhatanimalsliveintheEvergladesNationalPark?A.Northernspottedowls. B.Invertebrateanimals.C.Graywhales. D.Americancrocodiles.2.WhichofthefollowingisfeaturedinPlanetEarth?A.GrandCanyonNationalPark. B.MammothCaveNationalPark.C.EvergladesNationalPark. D.OlympicNationalPark.3.WhatcanweknowaboutOlympicNationalPark?A.Itisopenallyear.B.Ithasarichbiodiversity.C.ItislocatedinthestateofKentucky.D.Ithaseasyroadsforvisitorstodriveacrossthepark.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)最好的四個(gè)自然公園。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EvergladesNationalPark,Florida部分中“Thismakesit-animportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee,Americancrocodile,andFloridajaguar.(這使它成為許多稀有和瀕危物種的重要棲息地，如海牛、美洲鱷魚和佛羅里達(dá)美洲虎。)”可知，在EvergladesNationalPark可以看到美洲鱷魚。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MammothCaveNationalPark,Kentucky部分中“ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.(這些洞穴令人難以置信，足以成為BBC必看紀(jì)錄片《地球脈動(dòng)》的特色。)”可知，MammothCaveNationalPark中的洞穴是一個(gè)令人難以置信的地方，被BBC的紀(jì)錄片《地球脈動(dòng)》所專題報(bào)道。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OlympicNationalPark,Washington部分中“Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems,OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.

(擁有如此多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，奧林匹克是美國(guó)最多樣化的荒野地區(qū)之一。)”可知，OlympicNationalPark擁有多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是美國(guó)最多樣化的荒野地區(qū)之一，具有豐富的生物多樣性。故選B。BAsIlookupatthehundredsoffireworksinthesky,IhearthebellsringinginasmalltemplewelcomingthecomingoftheChineseNewYear.ThoughImaynotbelieveinorunderstandmanyoftheNewYeartraditionshere,thesimilaritiesbetweenthecomingofthisNewYearandthebeginningofmynewlifeinChinaarenotlostonabigboylikeme.MyfirstfewdaysinChinawereaculturalshocktosaytheleast.Havingarrivedlateinthesemester,Iimmediatelyhadtobeginmybeginners’Chineseclasses,alongwiththenewestclassofoverseasstudents.Beingsurroundedbyalanguagethatisn’tyourownisunbelievablyannoying.Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatitsays,thenthat’sit.However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding.Stillitisneverlongbeforemylackoflanguageskillisexposed(暴露)andIcomecrashingbacktoearth,usuallyimmediatelyuponleavingthetaxi.Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,Iaimtogainmymaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.Opportunitiesdocomearoundratheroften:frombeingofferedjobsteachingEnglish,tobeingaskedtoappearongame-showsforShandongTV.So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons(眼界)andenjoyingmytimehere.Itakesometimetogetusedtoeverything,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.So,muchliketheChineseNewYearthatIamluckyenoughtobepartof,IamjustlookingforwardtoafreshstartandanewjourneyinChina.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.HehasnointerestinChinesetraditions.B.HeknowsnothingabouttheLatinlanguage.C.Hislatearrivalmadehimmissbeginners’Chineseclasses.D.TheuniquewayofChinesewritingmadehimhardtounderstandChinese.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowthroughhistaxiexperience?A.Heispooratusingpublictransport. B.HefindsiteasytocallataxiinChina.C.HefeelspleasedtohavemadeprogressinChinese. D.Heisgoodatchattingwiththetaxidriver.6.Whatistheauthor’spresentexpectation?A.TosettledowninChina. B.TobecomeafamoushostonTV.C.Tobroadenhisculturalhorizons. D.Tobeanexcellentteachingassistant.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringChinese:valuableskillsmastered B.LearningChinese;adventurousbutenjoyableC.ComingtoChina:moreopportunitiespromised D.StudyinginChina:challengingbutrewarding【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者來(lái)到中國(guó)后通過自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的進(jìn)步。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.(由于中文書寫以圖像為基礎(chǔ)，你無(wú)法猜測(cè)，或者通過你從其他拉丁語(yǔ)言中獲得的知識(shí)來(lái)解決問題)”可知，中文獨(dú)特的書寫方式使他很難理解中文。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding.(然而，隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在進(jìn)步，雖然緩慢得令人痛苦。我第一次自己叫出租車的時(shí)候，司機(jī)真的明白我要去哪里，這是非常值得的)”可推知，作者通過打出租車的經(jīng)歷表明他很高興自己的中文取得了進(jìn)步。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons(眼界)andenjoyingmytimehere.(所以，現(xiàn)在，我只是期待著擴(kuò)大我的文化視野，享受我在這里的時(shí)光)”可推知，作者現(xiàn)在的期望是拓寬他的文化視野。故選C。7題詳解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章主要講述了作者來(lái)到中國(guó)后通過自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的進(jìn)步，結(jié)合文章最后一段的“Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,Iaimtogainmymaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.(學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言是一項(xiàng)非常有價(jià)值的技能。然而，這并不是我在中國(guó)能得到的唯一東西。經(jīng)過這一年的中文學(xué)習(xí)，我的目標(biāo)是在濟(jì)南大學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位)”和“Itakesometimetogetusedtoeverything,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.(我需要一些時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)一切，但這是冒險(xiǎn)的一部分，最重要的是就業(yè))”可知，D項(xiàng)“在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)：很辛苦，但也很有收獲”可以作為文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CAccordingtoarecentstudy,consumingthreelargelycomparablemealseachdaytomeetourenergydemandsmaybethemosteffectivemethodtopreventcognitive(認(rèn)知的)deterioration.Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.Thestudyalsorevealsthateatingmorecaloriesatonemealthananotherisnotlinkedtoaquickfailureincognitivefunction,butitdoesnotimprovecognitionasmuchaseatingbalancedthreemealsdaily.Withpreviousstudyfocusingonhowthequalityofthefoodweconsumecanaffectourhealth,therehasn’tbeenmuchresearchonhowourdailyenergyintakeisdistributedandhowitcanaffectourcognitivehealthoverthelongterm,aswellasifitmightaffectourriskofdementia(癡呆).Arecentstudy,inwhichthedatafromthe1997—2006ChinaHealthandNutritionSurveywereanalyzed,examinesthepossibleimpactofvariousmealschedulesoncognitivedeclineinordertobetterunderstandthis.Thepoll(民意調(diào)查)collectedsubmissionsfrom3,342personsinChinaduringaten-yearperiod,andtheirresponseswereincludedinthestatistics.Theaverageagewas62.2,andpeoplewereatleast55yearsold.Thestudydidnotincludethosewhohadseverecognitivedeterioration.Eachparticipantunderwentadietaryevaluationaswellasaphone-basedcognitiveexamatthebeginningofthestudyperiod.Thistestevaluatedeachperson’sabilitytorecallwordsquicklyandslowly,countbackward,andsubtract(減)quicklyfromgivennumbers.Thefindingsdemonstratethat,incomparisontoeitherlessbalancedwaysofabsorbingone’stotalcaloricintakeorlessequallydistributedwaysofingestingone’stotalenergyintake,eatingthreebalancedmealseachdayisrelatedwithsuperiorcognitivefunction.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deterioration”meaninparagraph1?A.Increase.B.Decline.C.Exchange.D.Spread.9.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweentherecentstudyandthepreviousone?A.Thecontents.B.Themethod.C.Theparticipants.D.Theprocess.10.Howdidtheresearchersdotherecentstudy?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingpreviousdata.C.Byinterviewingseniorpeople.D.Byexaminingpeoplewithcognitivedisease.11.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetobestcognition?A.Skippingbreakfasteveryday.B.Threebalancedmealsperday.C.Hunger-determinedfoodtimeandamount.D.Abiglunchwithasmallbreakfastanddinner.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明優(yōu)秀的認(rèn)知功能與三餐均衡飲食有關(guān)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由后句“Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.”（此研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了不吃早餐與認(rèn)知健康問題之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)）可知，該詞與failure“失靈、失敗”意義相似，decline“減少、衰退”符合語(yǔ)義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文第二段“Withpreviousstudyfocusingonhowthequalityofthefoodweconsumecanaffectourhealth,therehasn’tbeenmuchresearchonhowourdailyenergyintakeisdistributedandhowitcanaffectourcognitivehealthoverthelongterm,aswellasifitmightaffectourriskofdementia(癡呆).”（以前的研究專注于我們所攝入的食物的品質(zhì)是如何影響我們的健康的，對(duì)于我們?nèi)粘z入的能量的分配、長(zhǎng)期來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)于認(rèn)知健康以及是否會(huì)影響患癡呆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究不多）可知，研究的區(qū)別主要在于研究的內(nèi)容不同。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文第三段“Arecentstudy,inwhichthedatafromthe1997-2006ChinaHealthandNutritionSurveywereanalyzed,examinesthepossibleimpactofvariousmealschedulesoncognitivedeclineinordertobetterunderstandthis.”（通過分析從中國(guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查獲得的1997年至2006年的數(shù)據(jù)，為了更好地理解這種關(guān)系，最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查審視了各種飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)于認(rèn)知衰退的可能的影響）可知，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查主要是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文最后一段“Thefindingsdemonstratethat,incomparisontoeitherlessbalancedwaysofabsorbingone’stotalcaloricintakeorlessequallydistributedwaysofingestingone’stotalenergyintake,eatingthreebalancedmealseachdayisrelatedwithsuperiorcognitivefunction.”（研究表明，比起要么不那么均衡地吸收總體的卡路里攝入，要么不平等地分配總的能量攝入，優(yōu)秀的認(rèn)知功能與三餐均衡飲食有關(guān)）可推知，最好的認(rèn)知功能是由三餐均衡飲食促成的。故選B項(xiàng)。DInalabinLondon,newbornchickstookthefirststepsoftheirlifeandmightbecomepartofsolvingoneofthebrain’sbigpuzzles.ElisabettaVersace,theleadauthorofthenewstudyandheadofthePreparedMindsLabatQueenMary,andherco-workerspublishedtheirfindingsonTuesdayinBiologyLetters.Inasimpletest,researchersplacedthedownyanimals,hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness,oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs,onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes,mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.Biologistscallthemechanisms(生物機(jī)制)thatassistanimalsintheirearliestmoments“evolutionarypredispositions(進(jìn)化傾向)”or“priors”.“Studyinghowpredispositionsworkinhumansisdifficult,”saysElisaRaffallaFerre,co-authorofthenewstudy,asbabiestaketimetodevelopcomplexskills.Bythetimehumanbabiescaneasilymove,theyhavealreadyspentsignificanttimelearning.Chicks,however,canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching,whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.Whythispreferenceforobjectsthatmoveagainstgravityexistsatallremainsunclear.“Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld,”Versacesays,“becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown.”Lifelessobjects,ontheotherhand,areunlikelytomoveconsistentlyagainstgravity.Thenewlyreleasedarticleisconsistentwithpreviousresearch,accordingtoOrsolaRosaSalva,acomparativepsychologistattheUniversityofTrento.WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched,soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.Versacehopesthatfutureresearchcanofferinsightsintothewaythebrainisorganizedtomakesenseoftheworld.12.Whatdidthetestfindoutaboutnewbornchicks?A.Theylikedbrightcolors. B.Theyhadapoorsenseofdirection.C.Theypreferredrisingobjects. D.Theypickedupfirststepswithdifficulty.13.Whyarenewbornchicksbettersubjectsforthetestthanhumanbabies?A.Theirmechanismsaremorecomplex.B.Theywerealreadystudiedmoreinthepast.C.Theirevolutionarypredispositionsworkmoreeffectively.D.Theycanexhibitcomplexbehaviorssoonafterbirth.14.WhatdoesVersacesayaboutgoingagainstgravity?A.Itiscommonamongspeciesinnature. B.Itisanaturalbehavioroflivinganimals.C.Itcontributestothesurvivalofanimals. D.Ithelpsnewbornanimalstolearnquickly.15.WhatdoesSalvaexpectoffutureexperiments?A.They’llbecarriedoutinthewild. B.They’llofferdetailedworkingsofthebrain.C.They’llcomparethebrainsofdifferentspecies. D.They’llapplytoscientificresearchinrelatedfields.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了在倫敦的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，新生的小雞邁出了生命的第一步，它們可能會(huì)成為解決大腦一大難題的一部分。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及這一實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inasimpletest,researchersplacedthedownyanimals,hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness,oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs,onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes,mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.(在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的測(cè)試中，研究人員將這些在完全黑暗中孵化不到一天的毛茸茸的動(dòng)物，一次一只地放入一個(gè)特殊的盒子里。盒子兩側(cè)的兩個(gè)屏幕分別播放橙色小球移動(dòng)的視頻，一個(gè)向上移動(dòng)，另一個(gè)向下移動(dòng)。在20分鐘的時(shí)間里，大多數(shù)小雞都猶豫不決地走到有向上移動(dòng)的球的盒子一端)”可知，關(guān)于新生的小雞，測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)它們更喜歡上升的物體。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Chicks,however,canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching,whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.(然而，小雞在孵化后很快就能做出相對(duì)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)作，這使它們成為探索傾向如何發(fā)揮作用的理想候選者)”可知，新生的小雞比人類嬰兒更適合測(cè)試因?yàn)樗鼈兂錾蟛痪镁湍鼙憩F(xiàn)出復(fù)雜的行為。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld,”Versacesays,“becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown.”(“在生態(tài)世界中，以一致的方式對(duì)抗重力與有生命的物體有關(guān)，”范思哲說(shuō)，“因?yàn)橥ǔＤ銜?huì)看到水往下流，或者石頭往下掉?！?”可知，范思哲認(rèn)為反重力在自然界的物種中很常見。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched,soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.(薩爾瓦希望在這一領(lǐng)域看到的下一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是，開始確定當(dāng)傾向被啟動(dòng)時(shí)，大腦的哪些區(qū)域是活躍的，這樣科學(xué)家就可以更好地理解機(jī)制是如何工作的)”可知，薩爾瓦期望未來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)會(huì)提供大腦的詳細(xì)工作原理。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Culturaltraditionsshapewhoyouare.Learnmoreaboutyourtraditionsandhowyoucanpreservethembymeansofthefollowings.Shareyourcultureart.Eachcultureiscarriedbydifferentformsofart.Museumsoftenhouseitemslikeclothing,musicinstruments,andvisualartworks.However,beyondtheseexhibits,thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors,whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations’wisdom.____16____Attendororganizemajorevents.Yourcountry,religiousorganizations,orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.____17____Iftherearen’tanyofthoseinyourarea,youcanarrangeyourownevents.Cookfamilyrecipes.Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.____18____Asyoukneaddough(揉面)orfollowtherightamountofspices,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.Promoteyourdialects(方言).Languageshapesculturetosomedegree.Therefore,promotingadialectcontributestotheprotectionofacertainculture.____19____Soifyouknowoneofthem,helptospreadit.Withmoreandmorepeoplespeaking,thesedialectscouldbesuccessfullypreservedbeforetheygoextinct.Spendtimewithothermembersofthecommunity.Thebestwaytopreserveyourcultureistokeepitalive.____20____Manyaspectsofculturearedifficulttolearninbooksandmuseums,includingbodylanguage,andhumor.Butyoucangettothecore(核心)oftheculturalexperiencethroughdailycommunication.A.Participatetogetabroaderviewofyourculture.B.Culturehelpspeopleadapttotheworldaroundthem.CSmellandtastehavepowerfulconnectionstomemory.D.Recordyourfamilytreewiththehelpoffamilymembers.E.Unfortunately,thousandsofdialectsareatriskofextinction.F.Gatherasagroupnotjustforholidays,butforordinarymealsorjustconversation.G.Theskillsinvolvedinshapingastonetoolrepresentoneoftheearliestculturalpractices.【答案】16.G17.A18.C19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Eachcultureiscarriedbydifferentformsofart.Museumsoftenhouseitemslikeclothing,musicinstruments,andvisualartworks.However,beyondtheseexhibits,thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors,whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations’wisdom.(每種文化都由不同的藝術(shù)形式承載。博物館通常收藏服裝、樂器和視覺藝術(shù)品等物品。然而，在這些展品之外，還有祖先制作的工具，這些工具通過幾代人的智慧展示了傳統(tǒng))”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明祖先制作工作的智慧的具體體現(xiàn)。故G選項(xiàng)“塑造石器的技巧代表了最早的文化實(shí)踐之一”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Yourcountry,religiousorganizations,orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.(你的國(guó)家、宗教組織或移民族群幾乎肯定會(huì)慶祝重大節(jié)日或文化節(jié))”可知，上文提到了慶祝重大節(jié)日或文化節(jié)，故本句承接上文，建議參加這些節(jié)日來(lái)了解文化。故A選項(xiàng)“參與進(jìn)來(lái)，對(duì)你的文化有更廣泛的了解”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.(從你祖母的食譜中找一些食譜)”以及后文“Asyoukneaddough(揉面)orfollowtherightamountofspices,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.(當(dāng)你揉面團(tuán)或按照正確的香料量，你可能會(huì)想起童年或假期的飯菜。烹飪你的家庭食譜可以幫助你繼承家庭傳統(tǒng)，并使它有可能傳承下去)”可知，上文提到了找食譜，可推測(cè)本句主要說(shuō)明從嗅覺和味覺中了解家庭傳統(tǒng)，故C選項(xiàng)“嗅覺和味覺與記憶有很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Soifyouknowoneofthem,helptospreadit.Withmoreandmorepeoplespeaking,thesedialectscouldbesuccessfullypreservedbeforetheygoextinct.(所以如果你知道其中一個(gè)，幫助傳播它。隨著越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)方言，這些方言可以在滅絕之前被成功地保存下來(lái))”可知，后文提到了要幫助傳播方言，說(shuō)明方言正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。故E選項(xiàng)“不幸的是，成千上萬(wàn)的方言正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thebestwaytopreserveyourcultureistokeepitalive.(保護(hù)你的文化的最好方法就是讓它活下去)”以及后文“Manyaspectsofculturearedifficulttolearninbooksandmuseums,includingbodylanguage,andhumor.Butyoucangettothecore(核心)oftheculturalexperiencethroughdailycommunication.(文化的許多方面是很難在書本和博物館里學(xué)到的，包括肢體語(yǔ)言和幽默。但是，通過日常交流，你可以找到文化體驗(yàn)的核心)”可知，本段的建議是通過與人接觸來(lái)保護(hù)文化，且提到了日常交流，即和人聊天。故F選項(xiàng)“一群人聚在一起不只是為了度假，還可以一起吃飯或聊天”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Inthesummerof2015,BrianPetersonandhiswife,Vanessa,hadjustmovedtoSantaAna,California.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoes,whenhisquietwas____21____byahomelessman.Encouragedbythebook’ssympatheticmessage,Petersonmadeanconversationwithhim,and____22____thatthemancalledMerdahadmovedhereto____23____acareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreetforyears.“Itwasthe____24____thingtome,”PetersonrecalledlateronthepodcastTopArtist.“Isawthe____25____onthefaceofamanwhohadn’t____26____orshoweredinprobablyayear.Buthisstory,thelifeinsideofhim,____27____me.”AndeventhoughPeterson,agraduateoftheClevelandInstituteofArt,hadn’t____28____apaintbrushinabout8years,he____29____himselfaskingifhecouldpaintMerda’sportrait．PetersonpaintedMerda’sportraits,____30____histraitsandlifeexperiences．____31____,thepaintingwassoldforafewthousanddollars,andthemoneywasputintoa“l(fā)oveaccount”byPetersonforhismodel.Merdausedthefundsfromhisportraitto____32____analbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.Peterson’s____33____withMerdaledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoare____34____.Uptillnow,with41portraitspaintedandsold,Pertersonhashelpedmanypeoplegetbackontheirfeet,andestablishedthefriendshipwithsomeonepeoplemighthave____35____.21.A.overthrown B.disturbed C.attracted D.tricked22.A.learnt B.thought C.proved D.achieved23.A.exchange B.receive C.pursue D.grab24.A.strangest B.best C.saddest D.brightest25.A.ugliness B.guilty C.pride D.beauty26.A.spoken B.smiled C.shaved D.slept27.A.defeated B.discouraged C.shocked D.inspired28.A.pickedout B.pickedup C.heldup D.heldout29.A.found B.saw C.stopped D.required30.A.ratherthan B.accordingto C.apartfrom D.alongwith31.A.Hurriedly B.Practically C.Hopelessly D.Fortunately32.A.order B.record C.play D.write33.A.struggle B.argument C.connection D.appointment34.A.unhoused B.uncovered C.uneducated D.unsettled35.A.valued B.overlooked C.recognized D.respected【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。彼得森在一次和一名名叫梅爾達(dá)的流浪漢的交流中受到啟發(fā)，決定成立了一個(gè)名為“FacesofSantaAna”的非營(yíng)利組織，專注于為無(wú)家可歸者繪畫和出售肖像，并資助他們，這一舉動(dòng)也幫助梅爾達(dá)完成了自己的音樂夢(mèng)想?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，彼得森正在讀LoveDoes這本書，這時(shí)他的安靜被一個(gè)流浪漢打擾了。A.overthrown推翻；B.disturbed打擾；C.attracted吸引；D.tricked欺騙。根據(jù)前文“whenhisquiet”及后文“byahomelessman”可知，此處指一個(gè)流浪漢打擾了他的安靜。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在書中充滿同情的信息的鼓舞下，彼得森和他進(jìn)行了一次交談，并了解到這個(gè)名叫梅爾達(dá)的人搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，但他最終在街上生活了多年。A.learnt了解；B.thought認(rèn)為；C.proved證明；D.achieved實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“thatthemancalledMerdahadmovedhereto”可知，彼得森經(jīng)過交談，了解了流浪漢的一些情況。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在書中充滿同情的信息的鼓舞下，彼得森和他進(jìn)行了一次交談，并了解到這個(gè)名叫梅爾達(dá)的人搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，但他最終在街上生活了多年。A.exchange交換；B.receive收到；C.pursue追求；D.grab抓住。根據(jù)后文“acareerinmusic”可知，流浪漢搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是最奇怪的事情，”彼得森后來(lái)在播客《頂級(jí)藝術(shù)家》上回憶道。A.strangest最奇怪的；B.best最好的；C.saddest最悲傷的；D.brightest最亮的。根據(jù)后文可知，他在一個(gè)流浪漢的臉上看到了“美麗”，這是最奇怪的事情。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到了一個(gè)大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人臉上的‘美麗’。A.ugliness丑陋；B.guilty內(nèi)疚；C.pride驕傲；D.beauty美麗。上文提到了彼得森發(fā)現(xiàn)了最奇怪的事情，結(jié)合后文對(duì)方給了他鼓勵(lì)，可推測(cè)他看到了對(duì)方臉上的美麗，故選D。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到了一個(gè)大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人臉上的‘美麗’。A.spoken說(shuō)；B.smiled微笑；C.shaved剃須；D.slept睡覺。根據(jù)后文“orshoweredinprobablyayear”指這是一個(gè)大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人，因?yàn)樗橇骼藵h，不修邊幅。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的故事，他內(nèi)心的生活，激勵(lì)了我。A.defeated打??；B.discouraged使沮喪；C.shocked使震驚；D.inspired激勵(lì)。根據(jù)上文“Buthisstory,thelifeinsideofhim”中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明對(duì)方激勵(lì)了彼得森，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出梅爾達(dá)的肖像。A.pickedout拿起；B.pickedup撿起；C.heldup耽擱；D.heldout堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)后文“apaintbrushinabout8years”可知，此處指畢業(yè)于藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出梅爾達(dá)的肖像。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.saw看見；C.stopped停止；D.required要求。根據(jù)后文“himselfaskingifhecouldpaintMerda’sportrait”可知，盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出Merda的肖像。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：彼得森根據(jù)他的性格和生活經(jīng)歷為梅爾達(dá)畫肖像。A.ratherthan而不是；B.accordingto根據(jù)；C.apartfrom除了；D.alongwith一起。根據(jù)后文“histraitsandlifeexperiences”可知，為梅爾達(dá)畫肖像主要是根據(jù)他的性格和生活經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，這幅畫以幾千美元的價(jià)格售出，這筆錢被彼得森存入了他的模特的“愛心賬戶”。A.Hurriedly急忙；B.Practically幾乎；C.Hopelessly絕望地；D.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)后文“thepaintingwassoldforafewthousanddollars”可知，肖像畫賣出了幾千美元，是幸運(yùn)的事情。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：梅爾達(dá)用他畫像的錢錄制了一張專輯，實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的音樂夢(mèng)想。A.order命令；B.record錄制；C.play玩耍；D.write寫。根據(jù)后文“analbum,fulfillinghis