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四級真題_歷年英語四級真題及答案解析artIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
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PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)
聽力音頻MP3文件,點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入聽力真題頁面
SectionANewsReport
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.
B)Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.
C)Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.
D)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.
2.A)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.
B)Itfounditswaybacktotheparkszoo.
C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.
D)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)Itisthelargestofitskind.
B)Itisgoingtobeexpanded.
C)Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.
D)Itisstaringanonlineexhibition.
4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.
B)Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.
C)SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.
D)Picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Pickuptrash.
B)Amusevisitors.
C)Delivermessages.
D)Playwithchildren.
6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligent.
B)Theyarechildrensfavorite.
C)Theyarequiteeasytotame.
D)Theyarecleanandpretty.
7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.
B)Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.
C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.
D)Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.
SectionBConversation
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.
B)Itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.
C)Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.
D)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.
9.A)Itwillbemorefuturistic.
B)Itwillbemoresystematic.
C)Itwillbemoreentertaining.
D)Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.
10.A)Peopleinterestedinscience.
B)Youngsterseagertoexplore.
C)Childrenintheirearlyteens.
D)Studentsmajoringinscience.
11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.
B)Providefinancialsupport.
C)HelppromoteitontheInternet.
D)Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Unsure.
B)Helpless.
C)Concerned.
D)Dissatisfied.
13.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.
B)Helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.
C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.
D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.
14.A)Embarrassed.
B)Unconcerned.
C)Miserable.
D)Resentful.
15.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.
B)Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.
C)Alwayslearnfromothersachievements.
D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.
SectionCPassage
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.
B)Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.
C)Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.
D)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.
17.A)Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.
B)Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.
c)Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.
D)Respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments.
18.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.
B)Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.
C)Placegreatemphasisontestscores.
D)Payextraattentiontotopstudents.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Itoftenrainscatsanddogs.
B)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.
C)Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.
D)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.
20.A)Theydrivemostofthetime.
B)Therainisusuallyverylight.
C)Theyhavegotusedtotherain.
D)Theraincomesmostlyatnight.
21.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.
B)Ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.
C)Ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.
D)Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.
B)Itresultsfromexertingonesmusclescontinuously.
C)Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.
D)Itcomesfromstainingonesmusclesinanunusualway.
23.A)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.
B)Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.
C)Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.
D)Theygraduallybecomefragmented.
24.A)Aboutoneweek.
B)Abouttwodays.
C)Abouttendays.
D)Aboutfourweeks.
25.A)Applymusclecreams.
B)Drinkplentyofwater.
C)Haveahotshower.
D)Takepain-killers.
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor__26__theruinsofAngkor.Itshotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.Itsthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis__27__,andthelabelsayspurewater.Butmaybewhatsinsideisnotso__28__.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld__29__microplastics?
Thatstheconclusionofarecently__30__study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,__31__anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda__32__commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand__33__containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.
Confrontedwiththis__34__,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe__35__healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.
A)adequate
B)admiring
C)contains
D)defending
E)evidence
F)instant
G)liquid
H)modified
I)natural
J)potential
K)released
L)revealing
M)sealed
N)solves
O)substance
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
MakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYoureAtIt
A)Wevealwaysbeenahands-on,doit-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmericasfoundingfathers,didntjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.
B)Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasntreallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.
C)ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,whichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members-includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak-startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldntbuy.
D)SoitsnosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoarenttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.
E)Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDeweysphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesntlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.Itsaplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou,relearningtodo.
F)Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericancontext,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.Itsnotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.Itsveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesntreallyfitthatmoldanymore.Itsnottheworldoftextbooks.Itsnottheworldoftesting.
G)Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetheritsassignedbyateacher.Wellallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.
H)Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.Iminterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.
I)Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize(使變得無足輕重)making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthe;textbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thestraws,thecardboardtubes.
J)Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseitsboring.Itdoesnthavethemotivationofthestudent.Imnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.Itstoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.
K)Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisnttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.
L)Theteachersroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedroleforteachers.Ithinkitsaheightenedrole.Yourecreatingthisenvironment,likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarewatchingthemandreallyitsthehumanbehaviorsyourelookingat.Aretheyengaged?Aretheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?Aretheystumbling(受挫)?Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydonthave?Canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare?
M)Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenablesustobegoodlearners.Itsnottheknowledgethatisvaluable;itsthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Theseareprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems-problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.
N)Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfitttogetherinanymeaningfulway.Ratherthansaying,Thisisscience,overhereishistory,Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?
O)Ifeellikethisisashiftawayfromasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoreexperientialcurriculumorlearning.Itsstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkitsshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.
36.Amakerspaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.
37.Theteachers,roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.
38.Comingupwithanideaofonesownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconceptofmaking.
39.Contrarytostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyindividualized.
40.Americaisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.
41.Makingwillbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.
42.Makingcanberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.
43.Theauthorsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.
44.Themakerconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.
45.Makingisnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTechsonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasntenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.
Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.
GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasnttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindallthe40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudentsquestionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidntknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldnttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.GoeldidntinformthemaboutJillstrueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.
ThegoalofProfessorGoelsvirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.
46.WhatdowelearaboutKnowledge-BasedArificialItelligence?
A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudentsquestions.
B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstoleamnonline.
C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.
D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentleaming.
47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?
A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.
B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.
C)Studentsquestionsweretoomanytohandle.
D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.
48.WhatdowelearaboutJillWatson?
A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsucess.
B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.
C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.
D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.
49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?
A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.
B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.
C)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.
D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.
50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?
A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.
B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.
C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudentsquestions.
D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordonthurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.
Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.
Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSch?feroftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.
Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasEandPonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.
Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaprojectssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientistspersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearcherseffortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecausetheyfeelaconnectiontothepersonwhoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.
51.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?
A)Theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.
B)Theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.
C)Notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.
D)Mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.
52.WhatisthepurposeofMikeSchafersresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?
A)Tocreateatractivecontentforsciencewebsites.
B)Toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.
C)Tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.
D)Toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.
53.Whattraitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfiundingcampaign?
A)Thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.
B)Itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.
C)Itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.
D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.
54.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects?
A)Theyshouldbesmalltobesucessful.
B)Theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.
C)Theyshouldbeassedwithgreatcare.
D)Theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.
55.Whatmotivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?
A)Theeaseofaccesstothecontentofthewebpage.
B)Theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.
C)The
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