Module 3 Journey to space 課件 2023-2024學(xué)年外研版英語八年級下冊

外研版英語八年級下冊Unit1Hasitarrivedyet?Module3★Keywords&phrases:earth,moon,news,planet,reach,yet,project,latest,on,beupto,noproblem,searchfor,spacetravel

★Keysentences:1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.2.Hasitarrivedyet?3.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.★Dothedrills.LearningTargetsLeadinthesolarsystemMars火星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars,theRedPlanet(Itlooksred.)thesurfaceofMarsThesurfaceofMarsisalittlelikethesurfaceoftheEarth.1969年水手6號Marsprobe火星探測器1969年水手7號MarsExploration1971年火星2號1971年火星3號1996年火星拓荒者2001年火星奧德賽號1996年火星全球探勘者2003年火星探測漫游者2005年火星勘測軌道飛行器2007年鳳凰號火星探測器2011年中國螢火一號螢火一號模型印度2013年11月5日發(fā)射首個火星探測器—“曼加里安”號（Mangalyaan）。n.地球

n.月亮；月球n.

新聞；消息n.行星v.到達；抵達

adv.

還;尚(用于表示某事在某一時間尚未發(fā)生，但未來也許會發(fā)生)earthmoonnewsplanetreachyetWordsandexpressionsn.航天器;宇宙飛船n.計劃；工程；項目沒問題（用于表示樂于做某人要求做的事）adv.

剛才；剛剛

justn.模型modelprojectspaceshipnoproblemadj.

最近的；最新的

latestprep.

在(播放)中；關(guān)于……onn.航天器;宇宙飛船discoverv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到n.宇航員

spaceshipastronaut1Listenandnumberthewordsasyouhearthem.Listeningandvocabularyearth□land□message□moon□news□planet□reach□scientist□81234567Presentation2Listenagainandcompletethenotes.newsaboutthetripto(1)_________journeyof(2)______monthshasnotsentbackany(3)________yethopetofind(4)_______onMarsMarseightmessageslifeLingling:I'mreallyinterestedinthespacetripfromtheearthtoMars.It'ssoexciting!Hasthespaceshiplandedyet?Tony:Idon'tknow.Let'slistentothenewsontheradioandfindout.News:We'vejusthadsomenewsaboutthetriptoMars.ThespaceshiphasTapescriptreachedMarsafterajourneyofeightmonths.Ithasn'tsentbackanymessagesyet,butscientistsarewaiting.Asweknow,thereisn'tanylifeonthemoon,butscientistshopetofindlifeonMarsandotherplanets.ListenandreadEverydayEnglish?Whatareyouupto?…?Sure,noproblem..3Listenandread.Daming:Hi,Tony.Whatareyouupto?Tony:Hi,Daming.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.Daming:Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.Canyouhelpme?Tony:Sure,noproblem.Haveyouheardthelatestnews?ScientistshavesentaspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.Daming:Hasitarrivedyet?Tony:Yes,ithasarrivedalready.That’swhyit’sonthenews.Daming:SohavetheydiscoveredlifeonMars?Tony:No,theyhaven’tyet.Daming:Arethereanyastronautsinthespaceship?Tony:No,therearen’t.Daming:Whynot?Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.

Tony:Yes,butnoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.LotsofscientistsareworkinghardinordertosendastronautstoMarsoneday.Daming:That’sinteresting!HowcanIgetinformationonspacetravel?Tony:Youcangoonlinetosearchforinformation.Daming:Iwill.Thankyou,Tony!WhatschoolprojecthaveDamingandTonygot?Theyhavegotaprojectonspaceship.2.HowdoesDamingfeelabouttheschoolproject?Heisn’tsurehowtomakethemodel.Nowanswerthequestions.3.WhatnewshasTonyheard?ThespaceshiptoMarshasreachedthere.4.HasanyonebeentoMars?Why?NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.

Ontoday’snews,Tonyhasheardthatscientistshave(1)____aspaceshiptoMarsandithas(2)_______onthe(3)_____afterajourneyofseveralmonthsfromtheearth.Scientistshavenot(4)_________lifeonMars(5)___.AndnoastronauthaseverbeentoMarsbecauseitisveryfaraway.4Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.arrivediscoverplanetsendyetyetsentarrivedplanetdiscovered1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.2.Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.3.Hasitarrivedyet?4.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.5Listenandunderlinethewordsthespeakerstresses.PronunciationandspeakingWehave…Wehaven’t…sentaunmannedspacecrafttoMars.discoveredlifeonMars.workedonthespacestation.sentanastronauttoMars.sentastronautstothemoon.6Makelistsofwhatwehaveandhavenotdoneinspacetravel.—HavewesentaspaceshiptoMars?—Yes,wehave.But...7Workinpairs.TalkaboutspacetravelwiththelistsinActivity6.1.

Whatareyouupto?你在忙些什么呢？beupto用于表示“正在做某事；忙于某事”。相當(dāng)于問Whatareyoudoing?

例：Whatisheuptowithallthosebooksonthe

floor?

這么多書放在地上,他在干什么呢？Languagepoints—Whatareyouupto?你在忙什么？—I’mbusywithmyhomework.我忙著寫家庭作業(yè)。當(dāng)我們說beuptosb.時，表示“由……決定”。例：Doyouwanttostayorgo?It’suptoyou.

你是要留下還是要走呢？你自己決定。It’suptoyoutodecidewhenyoushoulddoit.

你自己決定你該什么時候做此事。2.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.我剛剛做完了我們學(xué)校項目要求的宇宙飛船模型。just

adv.

剛剛，剛才。常用在現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句中，常放在助動詞have/has的后面。例：IhavejustseenJohn.我剛才見到約翰了。We’vejustseen/watchedthefilm.

我們剛看了這部電影。3.

Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.我還沒開始呢，真不知道怎么做。yet表示“還（末）”，常用在現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句或疑問句中，通常放在句末。例：Wehaven’tfinishedourhomeworkyet.

我們還沒把作業(yè)寫完。Haveyoureceivedherletteryet?你收到她的信了嗎？besure后可以接從句，也可以接不定式。例：He’snotsurewhethertheyhavemetbefore.他不太確定他們之前是不是見過面。Sheissuretowinthegame.她確信能贏得比賽。4.Haveyouheardthelatestnews?

你聽說最新的消息了嗎？

latest

adj.(late的最高級)

最近的，最新的例：Haveyouseenherlatest

movie?你看過最新上映的電影了嗎？The

radio

is

broadcasting

the

latest

news

about

the

man-made

satellite.

電臺正在播送有關(guān)人造衛(wèi)星的最新消息。

5.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.

它已經(jīng)在太空中行駛了好幾個月了。severaladj.

幾個的，數(shù)個的（三個以上）例:Severallettersarrivedthismorning.今天上午來了幾封信。Severalofyouneedtoworkharder.你們有幾個人還需要努力。6.That'swhyit’sonthenews.

這就是它（宇宙飛船）上新聞的原因。thatiswhy...表示“這就是......的原因”。例：Thatiswhyheislate.

這就是他遲到的原因。EveryoneinDublinisfriendly,andthatis

whyIlovethecity.

在都柏林人人都很友好，這就是我喜歡這座城市的原因。7.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航員已經(jīng)到過月球了。

alreadyadv.表示“已經(jīng)，早已”(尤與動詞完成時態(tài)連用)常放在have/has之后，通常用于肯定句。例：I'vealreadyseenthatfilm,soI'dratherseeanotherone.

我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了，所以還是看部別

的吧。8.…becauseMarsisveryfaraway…

……因為火星離我們很遠……faraway遙遠，遠離例：Helivesfarawayfromus.他住的地方離我們很遠。Thedayisfaraway.為期甚遠。1.Whereismypen?I_________itherebutnowIcan'tfindit．

A．put B．havejustputC．wasputting D．hasjustput2.—Hasn'tBettycomeyet?

—No,andI____forherfornearly2hours.

A.wait

B.waited

C.havewaited

D.hadwaited

B

CExercises一、單項選擇。3.Mye-mail______toyoulastnight.Haveyoureceivedit____?A.sent;yet B.issent;alreadyC.wassent;yet4.—Whereismylittledog?—It____thebackofthehouse.A.hasgoneto B.hadgonetoC.hasbeento D.hadbeento

C

A5.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghaiMary?—Yes.I_______thereforthreedayswithmyparentslastmonth.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.was6.—Areyougoingtotheparty?—No,

becauseI______.A.haveaskedB.haven’taskedC.havebeenaskedD.haven’tbeenasked

B

D1.我們已經(jīng)到達上海。

We__________________Shanghai.2.他剛剛做完這個模型。

He____________thismodel.3.你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？是的。

_____you___________Hangzhou?Yes,I_____.4.他們聽說過這個最近的新聞嗎？

Havethey___________________?

havealreadyreached

hasjustmade

Haveeverbeento

heardthislatestnewshave二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。5.他母親去了北京出差。

Hismother__________Beijing___________.6.宇航員還沒在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。

Astronauts_____________________onMars___.7.這個女孩在干什么？

What__thisgirl_____?8.我花了兩天時間到達這里。

Ithas_____me________________there.

hasgonetohaven’tdiscoveredlife

isupto

takentwodaystoget

yet

onbusiness9.許多宇航員在太空工作。

Manyastronautshave___________________.10.你可以把你的相片展示給朋友看嗎？

Canyou_____yourphotos___friends?11.他知道很多關(guān)于太空的知識。

Heknows________________.12.明天她將把它帶回來。

She_______________tomorrow.workedonthespace

showto

alotaboutspace

willbringitback

Summary1.Welearnsomenewphrasessuchas:noproblem,faraway,searchforinformation...2.Keysentencepatterns:(1)Whatareyouupto?(2)I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject....外研版英語八年級下冊Unit2Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.

Module3LearningTargets★Keywords&phrases:none,environment,that,solar,system,group,galaxy,universe,light,impossible,out,communicate,solorsystem,billionsof,inspace,communicatewith★Keysentences:1.However,wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.2.

Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth…3.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.4.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.★Dothedrills.Leadin1.Howmanyplanetsarethereinoursolarsystem?2.Isthereanylifeonotherplanets?Putthewordsandexpressionsintheboxinorder:small–large.

galaxy,planet,solarsystem,star,universe

3213451.planet2.star3.solarsystem4.galaxy5.universe月球地球地月系太陽系其他行星—衛(wèi)星系天體系統(tǒng)的層次河外星系其他恒星系銀河系總星系TheMilkyWayGalaxy銀河系主體部分的直徑約為10萬光年銀河系銀河系有太陽這樣的恒星2000多億顆TheMilkyWayGalaxyThesolarsystemtheearththesunthemoonMarsSaturn土星Venus金星

Mercury

水星Jupiter

木星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星沒有一人；沒有一個；一點兒也沒有nonen.環(huán)境environmentpron.那,那個solaradj.太陽的;與太陽有關(guān)的n.系統(tǒng)；體系

thatsystem星系;（尤指）太陽系solarsystemWordsandexpressionsn.群；組groupn.星系galaxyn.宇宙lightn.光；光線；光亮adj.辦不到的,不可能的universeimpossiblev.聯(lián)系；交流communicateadv.在遠方outShenzhou-9isamannedspaceship.1Workinpairs.LookatthepictureandtalkaboutwhatyouknowaboutChinesespaceships.ReadingandvocabularyPresentationWhenyoureadapassagewithatitleandpictures,thinkaboutthewordsyoumayfindinthepassage,andthequestionsyoumaywanttoaskbeforeyoustarttoread.Learningtolearn2Readthepassageandchoosethebesttitleforit.Anyoneoutthere?Lifeontheearth3.Thesunandotherstars4.Thestarsatnight________________________________Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.However,wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.1.Anyoneoutthere?Theearthisaplanetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth,soscientistsdonotthinktheywillfindlifeonthem.Thesunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem,andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.TherearebillionsofstarsintheGalaxy,andoursunisonlyoneofthem.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.Theyareveryfarawayandtheirlighthastotravelformanyyearstoreachus.Sohowlargeistheuniverse?Itisimpossibletoimagine.ScientistshavesentspaceshipstotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhaveevensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Scientistshavealwaysaskedthequestions:withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,oristherelifeoutthereinspace?Havetherebeenvisitorstotheearthfromotherplanets?Whyhasnoonecommunicatedwithus?Wedonotknowtheanswers...yet.1.Theearthisastar. □2.Thesunisastar. □3.Thereismorethanonegalaxyintheuniverse. □

3Check(√)thetruesentences.√√4.Thelightfromthestarsinothergalaxieshastravelledforalongtimetoreachus.□5.Scientistshavereceivedmanymessagesfromspace. □6.Spaceshipshavevisitedmostoftheuniverse. □

√Istherelifeonotherplanets?Therearesevenotherplanetsinour(1)___________,but(2)_____ofthemhasa(n)(3)___________likethatoftheearth.Spaceshipsfromthe4Completethepassagewiththewordsandexpressioninthebox.communicateenvironmentnonesolarsystemuniversesolarsystemnoneenvironmentearthhavedonesurveysoftheotherplanets,buttheyhavenotfoundanylifethere.Whyhasnoonefromotherplanetstriedto(4)____________withus?Itistruethatscientistshavenotdiscoveredlifeonotherplanetsinthe(5)_________yet,butsomescientistsbelievethattheywillfinditsomeday.communicateuniverse6Lookatthepicturefromasciencestoryforchildrenandanswerthequestions.WritingWhathavethescientistsjustreceived?(amessagefromoneofourspaceships)Theyhavejustreceivedamessagefromoneofourspaceships.Wherehasthespaceshiplanded?(Mars)2.Whathasthespaceshipdiscovered?(peopleonMars)ThespaceshiphaslandedonMars.ThespaceshiphasdiscoveredpeopleonMars.3.WhyhavethepeopleonMarsnotsentusamessage?(donotknowhowto)4.WhyhavethepeopleonMarsnotvisitedusontheearth?(donotknowhowto)Becausetheydonotknowhowtosentamessagetous.Becausetheydonotknowhowtogettotheearth.6Writeapassagetodescribethepicture.UseyouranswerstothequestionsinActivity5tohelpyou.WehavejustreceivedamessagefromourspaceshiptoMars…WehavejustreceivedamessagefromourspaceshiptoMars.Ourspaceshiphasdiscoveredaliensthere.Theyhaveneversentusamessagebecausetheydon'tknowhowtocommunicatewithus.Theyhavenotvisitedtheearthbecausetheydon'tknowhowtoflytoourplanet,andtheypreferlifeonMars.Theyseemveryhappyontheirownplanet.TheyhaveusedpartsfromtheotherspaceshipsfromtheearthtomakeTVs,radios,etc.Wehopetheydon'tdothesamewiththisone!Onepossibleversion1.Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.科學(xué)家認為地球上的生命已存在了數(shù)億年。

hundredsofmillionsof數(shù)億……例：Wepaidhundredsofmillionsofdollarsintaxes.我們交納了數(shù)億美元的稅金。Languagepoints數(shù)詞在表示模糊數(shù)目的短語中用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且后面要加上of。hundredsof數(shù)以百計的thousandsof數(shù)以千計的millionsof數(shù)以百萬計的billionsof數(shù)以億計的,數(shù)十億的百、千、百萬、十億如果和具體數(shù)字連用，百、千、百萬、十億須用單數(shù)形式。例：sixhundredtwothousandninemillionsevenbillion1.Itissaidthatthediseasehaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.twohundreds B.twohundreds’C.twohundred’s D.twohundred2.______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwell.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.ThousandofD.ThousandsofDD學(xué)以致用2.

Theearthisaplanetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.

地球是顆行星，它圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。此外還有七顆行星也圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。1)七顆行星指的是：水星（Mercury)、金星(Venus)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星（Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)和海王星(Neptune)。2)goaround繞著……運轉(zhuǎn)例：TheearthgoesaroundtheSun.

地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

Let'sgoaroundthetown,notthroughit.我們繞過這城鎮(zhèn)吧，不要穿過去了。3)

other/theother/others/another這幾個相類似的詞容易弄混淆，其實意思大相徑庭。other其它的（人或物）,后面經(jīng)常跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；例：Wehaven’tfoundlifeonotherplanetsyet.

我們還沒有在其它的星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。（其他的星球不可能只有一個）theother（兩者中的）另一個,后面不可能跟復(fù)數(shù)形式；例：Hehastwodaughters.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.

他有兩個女兒，一個是老師，另一個是醫(yī)生。（有且只有兩個，兩者中的另一個）others其它的人或物（已經(jīng)包括在內(nèi)）,后面不能跟名詞，本身就含有名詞的含義；例：Somepeoplecamebycar,otherscameonfoot.有些人是坐汽車來的，其他人是走著來的。（others后面不能再加名詞）another（三者以上中的，或不知道數(shù)量的）另一個,后面也不可跟復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：Wouldyoulike

anothercupoftea?

你要再來有一杯茶嗎？（泛指再來一杯）4)alsoadv.也，同樣；而且（不與否定式動詞連用）例：ShespeaksFrenchandGermanand

alsoalittleRussian.

她會說法語、德語，還會說一點兒俄語。

Heisyoungandgood-looking,andalsoveryrich.

他又年輕又帥氣，而且還很富有。

IteachfivedaysaweekandIalsoteacheveningclasses.

我每星期教五天，而且還教晚上的課。比較：also/too/aswellalso,too,aswell都指句中有關(guān)詞語與前面提到的事物相結(jié)合或相一致，這三個詞語的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同。

also含較莊重色彩，通常用于主要動詞之前（但若主要動詞為be，則放于其后）例：I’vemetJaneandI’vealsomethermother.

我已經(jīng)見到了簡，我也見到了她的母親。

Shewasrich,andshewasalso

selfish.

她很富，她也很自私。too和aswell比較通俗，通常用于從句的句尾。例：I’vereadthebookandI’veseenthefilmaswell/too.我看過這本書，也看過這部電影。3.Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth…

沒有一顆行星擁有與地球一樣的環(huán)境……none

表示（三個以上）一個也沒有。意為“沒有一個人/東西”。none作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)實際情況來定。例：NoneofthemhasbeentoBeijing.

他們中沒有一個人到過北京。（none指代可數(shù)名詞，強調(diào)單一性，謂語用單數(shù)形式）Noneofthemwereawareofthedanger.

他們都沒有意識到危險。（none指代可數(shù)名詞，強調(diào)整體性，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

Noneofthemoneyishis.

這些錢沒有他的份兒。（none指代不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式）4....andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.……我們的太陽系只是一個由恒星和行星組成的星系的一小部分，這個星系比太陽系大得多，稱作銀河系或銀河。

這里的theGalaxy專指“銀河系”，也可以稱作theMilkyWay。而galaxy則泛指“星系”。例：Scientistshavediscoveredadistantgalaxy.

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個遙遠的星系。本句中called

theGalaxyortheMilkyWay為過去分詞短語做定語，修飾amuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets。類似的例子還有：Theyhaveatwo-year-oldsoncalledMike.

他們有一個兩歲的兒子叫邁克。5.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.

然而，還沒有任何航天器能到達銀河系里的其他恒星。形容詞/副詞+enoughtodo表示“到達……程度，會發(fā)生某結(jié)果”。例：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

他到上學(xué)的年齡了。Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.

他起得很早，趕上了首班車。6....withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,oristherelifeoutthereinspace?……宇宙中有這么多星球，我們是孤獨的

嗎，抑或太空中還有其他生命存在呢？這里withsomanystarsintheuniverse是介詞短語，在句中作狀語。with+名詞+介詞短語,在句中做狀語，表示伴隨情況。例：Withsomanythingstodo,wehavenotimetoplay.

要做的事情這么多，我們都沒時間玩了。aloneadj.單獨的；獨自的。作形容詞時不作定語只作表語,也可作副詞。意思是“獨自地”。例：Idon’tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.

我不喜歡天黑后獨自外出。比較：alone/lonelyalone表示獨自一人；lonely表示心靈上的孤單。例：AlthoughI’malone,Idon’tfeellonely.

雖然我獨自一人，但是我不感到孤單。1.Intheworld___peoplelikewatchingTV.A.millionsofB.twomillionsC.twomillionofD.twomillionof

AExercises2.Basketballissuchapopulargameintheworldthat____peopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionof

B.millionsof

C.millions

D.twomillionsofB一、單項選擇。3.___girlstookpartintheSuperGirlCompetition,butonlyafewofthemsucceeded.

A.Onemillionof

B.Millionsof

C.TwomillionsD.Twomillionof4.Everyyear____peopleinthiscountrylosetheirjobs.A.manymillions

B.millionsof

C.millions

D.twomillions

B

B5.Thespaceship______willgoaroundtheearthin2005willbecalledShenzhouⅦ.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what

6.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook_____rest.A.afewminute’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminute’sD.alittle

A

B7.—Howheavilyitrainedthisearlymorning!—Yes.But________ofthestudentsinourclasswaslateforschool.A.someB.noneC.allD.neither8.Itriedseveraljacketson,but____ofthemlookedgood.A.both

B.either

C.none

D.neitherBC1.地球是行星，它圍繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。

TheEarthisaplanetandit_____________theSun.2.為什么不把書帶回來？

____________________thebook?3.沒有一個學(xué)生去過英國。

_______thestudents__________England.goesaroundWhynotbringbackNoneofhasbeento二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。4.完成今天的作業(yè)不容易。

_______________today’shomework.5.我剛讀過有關(guān)火星的書。

I____________books_____Mars.6.從其他星系到我們這里要花費很多年。

It_____manyyears_______usfromothergalaxies.It’shardtofinishhavejustreadabouttakestoreachSummary1.Welearnsomenewphrasessuchas:hundredsofmillionsof,goaround...2.Keysentencepatterns:Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears....外研版英語八年級下冊Unit3Languageinuse

Module3LearningTargets★Keysentences:1.I'vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.3.Hasitarrivedyet?4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.1.Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofpresentperfecttensewithjust,yetandalready;2.Tobeabletounderstandlisteningandreadingmaterialsonspacereavel.ScientistshavesentspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.RevisionAstronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.Scientistshave

alsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.

ScientistshavesentspaceshiptotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhave

evensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.NospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Lookattheunderlinedpartsandthinkaboutthem.1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Hasitarrivedyet?3.Astronautshavealreadybeento

themoon.4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時是指“過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響”而且“過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成”。在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，already(已經(jīng))、just(剛剛)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面。yet(還、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑問句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）?，F(xiàn)在完成時(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(2)當(dāng)表示動作已經(jīng)完成，并對現(xiàn)在有一定影響時，我們一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。同時，可分別用just,already或yet加以強調(diào)或說明。例：Ihavejustheardthenews.我剛聽到消息。Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航員已經(jīng)去過月球了。Hehasjuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.我們才剛剛開始探索其他行星?？梢钥闯?，just用來表示“剛剛”，already用來表示“已經(jīng)”，兩者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have/has之后。在否定句中則可用yet,表示“還未”，有“以后可以會”的含義。例：Thescientistshavenotheardfromityet.科學(xué)家還沒有收到它發(fā)出的信息。Manhasnotdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet.

人類尚未在太空中發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。

另外，在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的時候，要注意與一般過去時的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在完成時在表達經(jīng)歷時只表示該事件是在現(xiàn)在之前的某一個時間里發(fā)生的，重點在于已完成動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。而一般過去時則表示在過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的事情。例：IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，上個月去的。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ifinisheditanhourago.我已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了，一小時前完成的。在沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，如何判斷該用現(xiàn)在完成時還是該用過去時呢？判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看該行為是否對現(xiàn)在有影響，也就是說該句強調(diào)的是什么。試看以下對話：A:Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican’tfindit.

你把我的書放哪兒去了？我找不到它。B:Iputitonyourdeskyesterday.

我昨天放你桌子上了。該對話中，當(dāng)A問對方把自己的書放在何處時，A感興趣的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。但是B回答時只是說明當(dāng)時放的位置，所以用一般過去時。再看下面的對話：A:Wouldyouliketogoandseethefilmwithmetonight?

你今晚想和我去看電影嗎？B:Sorry,Ihaveseenitalready.

不好意思，我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。對話中的現(xiàn)在完成時表示對結(jié)果的強調(diào)：“電影看過了，所以不想再看了?！颈嫖觥縣avebeento

與havegoneto（1）havegoneto表示“已到達某地”。說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，強調(diào)尚未回來（go是方向性動詞）。例：—WhereisJim?吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoBeijing他去北京了。（2）havebeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了（be是表示狀態(tài)），后可接次數(shù)，如once、twice、threetimes等，表示“去過某地幾次”。也可和just、never和ever等連用。例：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.

我去過北京兩次。

【拓展】havebeenat/in表示“在某地待了多少時間”，常與時間段狀語連用。例：IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.

我來上海已有三年了。SpaceshiponMars!Astronautshave(1)________beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceshiphas(2)_______arrivedonMarsandithas(3)_______sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow(4)________.alreadyjustalreadyyet1Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.PresentationThespaceshiphasgonetoMars.Ithasgonethere,butithasnotcomebackyet.Astronautshavebeentothemoon.Theywentthereandthentheycameback.2Lookatthesesentences.1.Astronautshavebeen/gonetothemoonandreturned.2.Thespaceshiphasbeen/goneintospace.Itwilltravelfortendays.Nowchoosethecorrectanswer.3.Theastronauthasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Hewillcomebacktomorrow.4.Thespaceshiphasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Itbroughtbacktwoastronauts.3Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox.have/hasbeenhave/hasgone1.Aspaceship____________toMars.Itiscomingbacktotheearthnextyear.hasgone2.Lotsofastronauts___________tothespacestation.Theyfounditveryinteresting.3.Someastronauts____________tothemoontwice.4.TwoBritishastronauts__________tothespacestation.TheywillcomebackinJanuary.havebeenhavebeenhavegoneNicky:I’vejust(1)________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Didyouknowthatscientistshave(2)__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:Yes,Idid.Andscientists(3)__________(tr