2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案第一編必修1Unit4Earthquakes

Unit4Earthquakes晨背分鐘填詞并背記AHorribleEarthquakeDirtywaterroseinwellsandcanalsbeforetheearthquake.Butnoonejudgedthatanearthquakewasing.Suddenly,everythingshook.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.Millionsofbrickhousesandanumberofdamsweredestroyed.Railwaytracksbecameuselessbars.Pipesinminesburstandletoutsmellysteam.Hugecrackstrappedcyclistseverywhere.Thenextday,thiseventwastheheadlineormaintitleofallnewspapers.Withthereportersgivinganoutlineofthedisaster,thewholenationwasshockedbythedamageandthevictim'sextremesuffering.Peopleweremovedwhentheyreadthatthesurvivorsfortedeachotherbysaying“Congratulations!Yousurvived！”.Sotheynotonlyexpressedtheirsympathysincerely,butalsoorganizedtogethertohelpthevictimsrightaway.Theinjuredwererescuedandthedeadwereburied.Thefrightenedsurvivorsweredugoutfromundertheruinsandwereofferedshelter,freshwaterandelectricity.Thankstopeople'shelp,thelosswasminimized.一場可怕的地震地震前，水井和運(yùn)河里的污水都漲涌起來。但是卻沒人判斷出地震即將來臨。霎那間，一切都在搖晃，似乎整個(gè)世界就要結(jié)束。數(shù)以百萬的磚房和許多水壩遭到破壞；鐵路軌道都變成無用的鐵條；煤礦管道紛紛爆裂，發(fā)出有臭味的蒸汽；到處都有騎車的人被巨大的裂縫陷住。第二天，所有報(bào)紙都紛紛以大字標(biāo)題或主要標(biāo)題報(bào)道了這一事件。記者們描述了災(zāi)難的大概情況，全國都被地震的破壞和災(zāi)民們極度的苦難所震驚。當(dāng)人們讀到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你還活著。”來互相安慰時(shí)，都被感動(dòng)了。人們不僅衷心地表達(dá)了他們的同情，而且還立刻組織起來幫助災(zāi)民。傷員被救助了，死者被埋葬了，嚇壞的幸存者被從廢墟中挖出來了，避難所、凈水和電力也很快開始供應(yīng)。多虧了人們的幫助，災(zāi)區(qū)的損失被減到了最小。1．nation(n.)民族；國家；國民→national(adj.)國家的；民族的2．dirt(n.)污垢；泥土→dirty(adj.)臟的，骯臟的3．extreme(adj.)極度的→extremely(adv.)極度地4．survivor(n.)幸存者；生還者；殘存物→survive(vt.&vi.)幸存；存活下來→survival(n.)生存；存活；幸存5．destroy(vt.)破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction(n.)破壞；摧毀6．useless(adj.)無用的；無效的；無益的→useful(adj.)有用的7．electricity(n.)電；電流；電學(xué)→electric(n.)電的；導(dǎo)電的→electrical(adj.)與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的8．frighten(vt.)使驚嚇；嚇唬→frightened(adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening(adj.)令人恐懼的9．congratulation(n.)祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))congratulations賀詞→congratulate(vt.)祝賀10．thinklittleof輕視；認(rèn)為……沒什么了不起11．beproudof以……為自豪12．inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪13．betrappedin陷入14．beburiedin埋頭于(學(xué)習(xí)、工作等)15．burstout爆發(fā)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)分鐘burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)(P26)(1)單句語法填空①Suddenlythedooropenedandagroupofchildrenburst.②AtthenewsthatmydadwouldbebackfromLondonthisweek,Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstjoy.答案：①in②with(2)單句寫作——句式升級(jí)聽到兒子在地震中喪生的壞消息，這對(duì)夫婦突然哭起來。a．普通表達(dá)：thattheirsondiedintheearthquake,.(時(shí)間狀語從句)b．高級(jí)表達(dá)：thattheirsondiedintheearthquake,.(分詞短語作狀語)答案：a.Whentheyheardthebadnews;thecoupleburstintotearsb．Hearingthebadnews;thecoupleburstoutcrying(1)burstin突然闖進(jìn)；突然出現(xiàn)burstinto...闖入……；突然……起來burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)；突然激動(dòng)地喊叫burstwith充滿……burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing突然大笑起來burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭起來(2)aburstof一陣……[名師點(diǎn)津]burstinto與burstout都有“突然進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)或發(fā)生某種情況”的意思，但burstinto后面接名詞，burstout后面接動(dòng)名詞。ruinn.廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)(P26)單句寫作①以前，這座寺廟是一座廢墟，現(xiàn)在變成了休閑娛樂中心。Inthepastthetemplewas，butnowithasturnedintoanentertainmentcenter.②政府的投資阻止了葡萄園的衰敗。Theinvestmentfromthegovernmentstoppedthevineyardsfrom.答案：①inruins②fallingintoruin(1)inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪bring...toruin使……毀滅；使……沒落fallin/intoruin成為廢墟(2)ruinoneself自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)injurevt.損害；傷害(P26)單句寫作①鍛煉時(shí)一定要小心，以免受傷。Whendoingexercise,dobecarefulnotto.②在志愿者的幫助下，受傷人員及時(shí)得到了救助。Withthehelpofthevolunteers,weresavedintime.答案：①getinjured②theinjured(1)be/getinjured受傷(2)injuryn.傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人(3)injuredadj.受傷的theinjured傷者；傷員(作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)n.休克；打擊；震驚(P26)單句語法填空①WhenItoldthemthewholething,theywereallshock,andtheycouldn'tbelieveit.②Shewastakentohospital,apparently(shock)．③Thereasonforthis(shock)attackseemedtoberacialhatred.答案：①in②shocked③shocking(1)inshock吃驚地；震驚地(2)shockedadj.(主語多為人)吃驚的；震驚的beshockedby因……震驚/受到……打擊(3)shockingadj.(主語多為物)令人震驚的；驚人的[名師點(diǎn)津]shock意為“令人震驚的人或事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，通常與不定冠詞a連用。即：抽象名詞具體化。judgen.法官；裁判員vt.判斷；斷定；判決(P30)單句語法填空①Neverjudgeabookitscover.②(judge)fromwhathesaid,hewasconfidenttowinthefirstprizeintheChineseCharacterDictationContest(漢字聽寫大賽)．③Itwasduetoluckratherthan(judge)thatthedriversucceededinavoidingtheaccident.④Schoolstendto(judge)bytheperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams.答案：①by②Judging③judgment/judgement④bejudged(1)judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來判斷(2)judgesb./sth.from/by...以……來判斷某人/某物judgesb./sth.(tobe)...判定某人/某物為……(3)judgment/judgementn.判斷；審判；判斷力[名師點(diǎn)津]judgingfrom/by...置于句首作狀語。v.－ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，franklyspeaking“坦白地說”，considering...“考慮到……”。atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)(P26)單句語法填空①ThemeetingwasnearlyanendwhenIgottothemeetingroom.②It'shardworkbutifyouhangonyouwillsucceedtheend.③theendofthisweek,Iwillhavefinishedmostofthework.④Manyfamiliesstruggledtomake(end)meetineconomiccrisis.⑤Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedup(apologize)．答案：①at②in③By④ends⑤apologizing(1)attheendof在……盡頭；在……末端bytheendof到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)連用)intheend最后；終于(2)put...toanend＝putanendto...使……結(jié)束etoanend完成；結(jié)束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出(4)endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsth.以……而告終(5)endingn.結(jié)局；結(jié)尾endlessadj.無止境的；連續(xù)的a(great)numberof許多；大量的(P27)單句語法填空①Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp,(offer)sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.②Agreatdealofmoney(donate)toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.③Largeamountsofmoney(spend)onadvertisementseveryyear.④Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads(keep)risingthesedays.⑤Alargenumberofpeople(apply)forthejobsincethen.⑥Manyafamouspopstar(ruin)bydrugs.答案：①havebeenoffered②wasdonated③arespent④keeps⑤haveapplied⑥hasbeenruinedeq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1agreat/large/small,numberof,agreat/goodmany,afew/quiteafew))＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof,quitealittle))＋不可數(shù)名詞eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(3alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof,largequantitiesof,plentyof))＋eq\a\vs4\al(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(4manya,morethanone))＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞[名師點(diǎn)津](1)anumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)agreatmany后修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，通常不加of，但名詞前有定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞等限定詞修飾時(shí)，要加上of。(3)largequantitiesof＋pl.n．/[U]n．作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；alargequantityof＋pl.n．/[U]n．作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和名詞的數(shù)保持一致：復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。largeamountsof＋[U]n．作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；alargeamountof＋[U]n．作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!(P26)單句語法填空①Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(be)broken.②Hebehavedasifnothing(happen)．③Shewalkedhereandthereontheplaygroundasif(look)forsomething.答案：①were②hadhappened③looking(1)本句中asif＝asthough意為“仿佛；好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句。常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系動(dòng)詞之后。(2)asif還可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為從句所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或不可能發(fā)生/存在的情況時(shí)，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)與過去事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞用haddone與將來事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/might/shoulddo[名師點(diǎn)津]如果asif引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式，可省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞，這樣asif后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞。Allhopewasnotlost.(P26)(1)單句語法填空①Hehadlosthiscourageandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundofthemagain.②Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith.答案：①either②everything(2)把下列部分否定的句子改為全部否定①Noteverythingshedidpleasedhim.②Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.答案：①Nothingshedidpleasedhim.②Neitherofthemismybrother.(1)英語中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,pletely,always,whole,entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞或副詞與否定詞not連用時(shí)，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英語中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。[名師點(diǎn)津]both的全部否定為neither;all的全部否定為none;either與否定詞連用表全部否定。課文語法填空分鐘AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,in1thousandsofpeoplediedandmanywereinjured.Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildren2(leave)withoutparents.Peoplewere3(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut4andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas5(destroy)anditseemedasiftheworldwasatan6.ThepeopleofTangshandidn'tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresent7(help)therescueworkers.Thesoldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthosewho8(trap).Workersalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybyeverymeans.9(slow),thecitybegantoebacktolife.10wassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleofthem.1．2.3.4.5.6．7.8.9.10.答案：1.which2.wereleft3.greatly4.off5.destroyed6.end7.tohelp8.weretrapped9.Slowly10.It▲leave＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語可用形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞等充當(dāng)?！鴈verywhere用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論何處”?！鴗oo...to...意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義，需要注意的是too前面有never/can't等時(shí)，為雙重否定表示肯定?！鴏ookingfor...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語和主語要保持邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。隨堂檢測分鐘Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whenthegamefinallyended,bothofuswerelyingflatonourbacks,tiredtomove.答案：too2．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings(destroy)．答案：weredestroyed3．Ifithadn'tbeenforyourtimelyhelp,we(trap)inadilemmanow.答案：wouldbetrapped4．OnseeingtheformerchampionoftheOlympicsappearsonthestage,theaudienceburstout(cheer)．答案：cheering5．Two－fifthsofthestudentsinourclass(be)fondofpopmusic.答案：are6．Thefactory,isreportedinthelocalnewspapers,willinsistonreformingthepresentsystemwhichhassloweditsdevelopment.答案：as7．Ireceivedhismother'sphonecallatten.OnlythendidIknowthathewasbadly(injure)inanaccidentthedaybeforeyesterday.答案：injured8．Alargenumberofsoldiersweresentthere(rescue)thosetrappedinthebuilding.答案：torescue9．Thankyouforyourletterconveying(congratulate)onmyappointment.答案：congratulations10．Asamatteroffact,itwasan(extreme)difficultanddangeroustask.答案：extremelyⅡ.教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．一天夜里，一切都開始搖晃起來。(shake)答案：Onenight,everythingbegantoshake.2．水管爆裂，電力中斷。(burst;cutoff)答案：Thepipesburstandtheelectricitywascutoff.3．世界似乎到了末日。(Itseemedasif...;beatanend)答案：Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.4．有些人受傷，有些人被埋在廢墟下，還有些人失蹤。(injure;bury)答案：Somepeoplewereinjured,someburiedintheruinsandsomemissing.5．從那時(shí)的情況判斷，還有些被困群眾等待著救援。(judgefrom;trap;rescue)答案：Judgingfromthesituation,therewereanumberoftrappedpeoplewaitingfortherescue.6．并不是沒有了希望。(all...not...)答案：Butallhopewasnotlost.7．很快士兵被派遣到那里營救他們，用飛機(jī)、火車和卡車向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來了食品和飲用水。全城又恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。(rescue;breatheagain)答案：Soldiersweresenttorescuethemrightaway.Foodandfreshwaterweretakentothecitybyplane,trainandtruck.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheaga