2021新高考英語人教版一輪復習學案第一編選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1Alandofdiversity晨背分鐘填詞并背記ImmigratetoAmericaAttractedbytheboominAmerica,mynephewteamed_up_withaKoreantoillegallycrosstheBearingStraitintheArctictoAmerica.ToavoidtheCustomspunishment,_theyhidinasmallferrycalledtheNorthPoleSeagull,_sittingback_to_backwithoutsleeping,showeringandshavingfor3days,andhadnochancetomourntheirlostluggagewhenlanding.Thehardshipofthiscrossingwasapparent.Atfirst,hemadealivingby_means_ofraisingcattleandthenwashiredinaircraftindustries.HelivedinaCatholicdistrict.BesidesasmallpercentageofPakistaniimmigrants,themajorityoftheresidentswerefromItalyandDenmark,_whoallkept_uptheircustomsandcultures.Differentblockshereweredistinctlymarked_outandindicatedfromtheracialangle.Itwasunfairandneededreforming.Butwithnowhereelsetogo,mynephewlived_onandmanagedtomake_a_lifeforhimself.Mynephew'sfortunecamewhenhebravelyhelpedaconductorbrake_a_reamtostopitfromslippingoutoftherails.ThemanwaselectedvicechairmanoftheSocialistPartylater.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecouldgraspthisopportunitytoaskforhishelp.ThemanwhowasthankfulhelpedhimapplytothecivilauthorityfortherighttoliveinAmericabyinsertinghisbravedeedintohisdocuments.Unlikea_great_manyotherapplicants,_hisapplicationwasapprovedbytheFederal_Justice_Ministry.Beforelong,hestartedhisownbakeryandlivedabetterlife.移民美國因為受到美國繁榮的吸引，我的侄子與一名韓國人合作，從北極的白令海峽偷渡到美國。為了避開海關的懲處，他們躲在一艘叫“北極海鷗”的小型渡輪里，背靠背坐著，整整3天沒有睡覺、洗澡和刮胡子，上岸的時候也沒有機會心痛他們丟失的行李，這次橫渡的艱辛是顯而易見的。起初，他借助飼養(yǎng)牲畜謀生，后來受雇于飛機制造工業(yè)。他住的地方是一個天主教區(qū)，除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民，大部分的居民都來自于意大利和丹麥。他們都保持著自己的風俗和文化，使這里的街區(qū)都從種族的角度清楚地劃出界線，明確標示。這很不公平，極需改革，但我的侄子沒別的地方可去，只好繼續(xù)居住下去，想方設法開始新的生活。我侄子的好運在他勇敢地幫助一名列車員剎停一列電車以防止其滑出軌道時到來了。那個人后來被選為社會黨的副主席。我侄子就想到應該抓住機會請求他的幫助。這個人充滿感激，立即把我侄子的勇敢事跡插入到申請文件中，幫助我侄子向美國國內政權當局申請美國居住權。不像別的許多申請人，我侄子的申請很快被聯(lián)邦司法部批準了。不久，他就開了自己的面包店，過上了稍好一點的生活。1．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著→distinctive(adj.)獨特的；特別的2．elect(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election(n.)選舉3．racial(adj.)種族的；人種的→race(n.)種族；比賽→racism(n.)種族主義；種族歧視4．applicant(n.)申請人→apply(vi.)申請→application(n.)申請書；申請5．customs(n.)海關；關稅；進口稅→custom(n.)風俗；習慣→customer(n.)顧客；主顧6．socialist(n.)社會主義者；社會黨人(adj.)社會主義者的→social(adj.)社會的→socialism(n.)社會主義→society(n.)社會7．apparent(adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)顯然地；顯而易見地8．conductor(n.)(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊)指揮→conduct(vt.)組織；安排9．slip(vi.)滑動；滑行；滑跤(n.)滑動；滑倒→slipper(n.)拖鞋→slippery(adj.)滑的；狡猾的10．hire(vt.&n．)租用；雇用→fire(反義詞)(vt.)解雇11．punishment(n.)處罰；懲罰→punish(vt.)懲罰12．keepup堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統(tǒng)等)13．applyfor申請；提出申請重點知識分鐘majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半(P2)單句語法填空①Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn'tcorrespondwiththeviewsofthe________(major)．②Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthemitteemembers________(be)againstit.③IgraduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored________informationmanagement.答案：①majority②are③in(1)the_majority_of...＝mostof...大多數(shù)beina/themajority構成大多數(shù)/占多數(shù)(2)majoradj.主要的vi.專修；主攻majorin主修(3)minorityn.少數(shù)；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民族→minoradj.較小的；次要的[名師點津](1)themajority單獨用作主語時，若強調整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若強調個體，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。(2)“themajorityof＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”用作主語時，其謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)。occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)(P5)(1)單句語法填空①Frequent________(occur)ofnaturaldisastersinrecentyearshavecausedgreatlossesintheAsian-Pacificregion.②Itoccurredtohim________hehadn'teatenanythingsincethenightbefore.答案：①occurrence②that(2)一句多譯我突然想到，自上封信以來，已經有太長時間沒收到華萊士的信了。①________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(strike)②________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(occur)答案：①Itstruckmethat②Itoccurredtomethat(1)sth.occurstosb.＝sth.strikessb.＝sth.estosb.某人想起某事(2)It_occurs_tosb.todosth.某人想起做某事(3)It_occurs_tosb.that...＝Itstrikes/hitssb.that...某人想起某事(4)occurred(occur的過去式/過去分詞)occurrencen.發(fā)生；事件；出現(xiàn)indicatevt.指出；標示；表明；暗示(P7)單句語法填空①Withanodofhishead,heindicated________mewhereIshouldsit.②Hegaveno________(indicate)thathewasreadytopromise.③ThehorseisafrequentthemeinChinesepainting,________(indicate)akindofadvancement.④Thebell________(indicate)theendoftheperiodrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.答案：①to②indication③indicating④indicating(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物indicatethat...示意；表明……(2)indicationn.指示；象征；預示Thereisnoindication_that...無跡象表明……Therearesomeindications_that...有跡象表明……(3)indicatorn.指示器；指示牌bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Everypossiblemeans________(try),andwefindonlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.②Allpossiblemeans________(try),butwestillcan'tworkouttheproblem.③I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：①hasbeentried②havebeentried③is(2)用means相關短語的適當形式填空①Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknown________________signs.②Thisis________________thefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.③Thelocalarmymenhelpedthevictimsoftheearthquake________________attheirmand.答案：①bymeansof②bynomeans③byeverymeansmeansn.方法；手段→meaningn.意思→meanv.打算；意味→meaningful_adj.有意義的bythismeans用這種方法bynomeans＝innoway＝innocase＝onnoaccount＝atnotime決不；一點也不(放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)byeverymeans用盡辦法；想方設法byallmeans(用于交際英語表示同意)當然可以；沒問題[名師點津]means用作“方式；方法”講時單復數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。makealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)用life相關短語的適當形式填空①TheysettleddowninCanadaand________________forthemselves.②Toourgreatjoy,he________________soon.③Onthatnight,itwasbelievedthatthespiritsofthedeadwouldtryto________________.答案：①madealife②cametolife③ebacktolife(1)e_tolife振作起來；變得活躍live/leada...life過著……的生活e_back_tolife蘇醒過來；恢復生氣bring...back_tolife使……蘇醒過來(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生(3)makeit成功；到達某地[圖解助記]teamupwith(＝cooperatewith)與……合作或一起工作(P8)用teamupwith/keepupwith/putupwith/endupwith的適當形式填空①Shealwaysstaysuplatetostudyinorderto________________theothers.②It'stoodelightfulofyoutobesonicetohim,and________________allhistiresomestories.③Theparty________________asongthateveryonewasfamiliarwith.④Ineedto________________yourfirminabusinessproject.Couldyouputmethroughtoyourboss?答案：①keepupwith②putupwith③endedupwith④teamupwithkeepupwith跟上catchupwith趕上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以……結束takein包括；領會；理解；欺騙；收留；吸收(P8)(1)寫出下列句中takein的含義①Thepricetakesinthecostofalltheacmodationandfood.________②Brett'salwaystakinginstrayanimals.________③Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.________④Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.________⑤Itissaidthatblacktakesinmoreheatthanwhite.________答案：①包括②收留③欺騙④理解⑤吸收(2)用take相關短語的適當形式填空①I'msorryIwasrude;I____________everythingIsaid.②Wefinditdifficultto____________whatheteaches.③I'll____________thestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.④Whenthepicturewas____________，thewalllookedverybare.⑤Wouldyoulikemeto____________thedrivingforawhile?⑥BillGatesisreallyagreatman,whosecareer____________inhisearlythirties.答案：①takeback②takein③takeup④takendown⑤takeover⑥tookoffagreat/goodmany許多；很多(P8)單句語法填空①Ourinstitutehasorderedagreatmany________(instrument)fromthepany.②Agoodmanynewbooks________(publish)bytheForeignLanguagePresslastmonth.③Largequantitiesofoil________(discover)inaplacenearmyhometownrecently.答案：①instruments②werepublished③havebeendiscovered(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreat/goodmany,agood/largenumberof,quiteafew))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),＋復數(shù)謂語)(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(much,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof))＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(3)amassof＋可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致)(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(quantitiesof,massesof))＋不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)＋復數(shù)謂語However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Themorestressyouareunder,the________(likely)youaretocatchacold.②Theyarelikely________(fire)bythepanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.答案：①morelikely②tobefired(2)一句多譯當你在山里旅行時，你很可能會遇到大型野生動物。①You________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.②________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.答案：①areverylikelytoeacross②It'sverylikelythatyouwilleacrossItislikelythat...“很可能……”。本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。句中l(wèi)ikely為形容詞，意為“可能的”。其近義詞有possible,probable。[易混辨析]否定形式副詞形式常用句型likelyunlikelylikely①Itislikely＋that從句②sb.belikelytodosth.，但一般不用于“Itislikelyforsb.todosth.”中possibleimpossiblepossibly①Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.②Itispossible＋that從句，但不用于“sb.bepossibletodosth.”中probableimprobableprobablyItisprobable＋that從句BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.(P2)單句語法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived,thefamousastronaut________(leave)thehall.②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermother________(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.③WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________(hang)up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.答案：①hadleft②willhaveleft③hungbythetime意為“到……的時候”，是一個介詞短語，在句中起連接作用，引導時間狀語從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語是一般過去時，則主句用過去完成時；(2)如從句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，則主句用將來完成時；(3)如主句動作不強調已經完成，只是說明某個時候的狀況，此時主句不用完成時，而應根據(jù)實際需要選用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)，此時bythetime相當于when。課文語法填空分鐘ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,__1__islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers__2__(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthe__3__(arrive)oftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered__4__(great).Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.__5__addition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans__6__(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia__7__(rule)bySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook__8__(they)land.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of__9__firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,__10__ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.it2.crossed3.arrival4.greatly5.In6.living7.wasruled8．their9.the10.whose▲ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.句中when引導的為時間狀語從句；what引導的為名詞性從句(賓語從句)，作介詞in的賓語?！鴐anydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans中broughtbytheEuropeans為過去分詞短語作后置定語。一般情況下，在修飾名詞或代詞時，單個過去分詞常作前置定語而過去分詞短語常作后置定語?！鴗herearemoreNativeAmericans...thaninanyotherstate為比較級表達最高級的用法。否定詞與比較級連用時，可進行這種表達。如：Ihaveneverseenabetterfilmthanthisone.隨堂檢測分鐘Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Bythetimehegottothestation,thetrain________(leave)．答案：hadleft2．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew________(apply)forthejob.答案：applicants3．Inmyopinion,itisnotsohelpfultogivesomeonesomebreadasitisimportanttoteachhimhowtomake________life.答案：a4．Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld'spopulation________(live)incitiesratherthaninthecountry.答案：willbeliving5．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildren,buttheywerenowhere________(find),whichmadeherveryworried.答案：tobefound6．Oilpricesfellthisweektotheirlowestlevelinfourteenmonths,________(apparent)becauseofover-production.答案：apparently7．Theyhavepledgedtoend________(race)discrimina-tioninareassuchasemployment.答案：racial8．Aftertheexplosion,everymeans________(use)topreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.答案：hasbeenused9．InsomeruralplacesofChina,somepeoplestillpreferkeeping________theirtraditionallifestyle.答案：up10．________isbelievedthatthewildertheanimalorplantis,thebettertheeffectsare.答案：ItⅡ.教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．眾所周知，自從1978年改革以來，中國經歷了移民大潮。(immigration)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asweallknow,Chinahasexperiencedimmigrationmovementssincethereformin1978.2．據(jù)報道成千上萬的農民從農村涌向城市。(Itisreportedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Itisreportedthatthousandsoffarmersfromthecountrysidecrowdedintothecities.3．盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應城市生活。(makealife)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Themajorityofthemcanmakealifeinthecitiesdespitethegreathardship.4．有些農民甚至申請了城市居住權，以享受和當?shù)厝艘粯拥臋嗬?applyfor)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Someevenhaveappliedfortherighttoliveinthecityandenjoythesamerightsasthelocalpeople.5．并且他們通過努力工作為城市的繁榮做出了貢獻，自己也過上了幸福的生活。(bymeansof;boom)_________