北京市高三上學期入學定位考試英語試題

2020—2021學年北京市新高三入學定位考試英語本試卷共10頁，共100分，考試時長80分鐘，考生務必將答案打在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；用小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空，并將答案書寫在答題紙相應位置。In2009,Whitacrereceivedavideoofagirlwhowassingingoneofhisworks.Inspired,heaskedhisfans___1___(make)videos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.Hisfirstvirtualchoir,“LuxAurumque”,had185singers___2___12differentcountries.IthasreceivedmillionsofviewsontheInternet.Sincethen,thevirtualchoir___3___(bee)aworldwidephenomenon.【答案】1.tomake2.from3.hasbee【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Whitacre的網(wǎng)絡虛擬合唱團是如何誕生，并風行世界的。【1題詳解】考查動詞短語搭配。句意：他獲得了一個靈感：讓他的粉絲們制作視頻，然后他把這些視頻組合成一場表演。asksbtodosth，請某人做某事。故填to?！?題詳解】考查介詞的用法。句意：他的第一個虛擬合唱，“LuxAurumque”，參加的有來自12個不同國家的185名歌手。from后跟地點，表示“來自”。故填from。【3題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：從那時起，虛擬合唱團成為了一個世界級的現(xiàn)象。由時間狀語sincethen可知，這里應該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。bee是連系動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)；thevirtualchoir是單數(shù)。故填hasbee。【點睛】注意有些時間狀語是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標志性。如本題的第三小題，時間狀語sincethen表示過去的經(jīng)歷或體驗仍對現(xiàn)在有影響，故該句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，填hasbee。類似標志主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的時間狀語還有：sofar、uptonow、sincetwoyearsago、foralongtime、in/duringthepast/lastfewyears等。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance.Theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,___4___notimportant.Toooftenit___5___(view)asmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationis___6___(benefit)andimportantforallstudents.Scienceandtechnologydonottellus___7___itmeanstobehuman.Theartsdo.【答案】4.but5.isviewed6.beneficial7.what【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了作者認為藝術教育尤其是音樂教育是相當重要和必須的，藝術尤其是音樂是人類表達情感的重要方式，人們應加強認識?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：人們似乎會說，音樂是美好的，但并不重要。根據(jù)Musicisnice和notimportant可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它往往被視為純粹的娛樂活動，但肯定不是教育的重點。由上文可知時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)主語為it，與view之間的被動關系，可知此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填isviewed?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：事實上，音樂教育對所有學生都是有益和重要的。根據(jù)系動詞is可知此處要用形容詞，作表語。故填beneficial。【7題詳解】考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意：科學和技術并沒有告訴我們成為人類意味著什么。分析句子可知，此處是一個賓語從句，做tell的賓語；分析賓語從句可知，此處要用引導詞what，做means的賓語。故填what。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Twowaymostofusspendourmorningsisexactlyoppositetothe___8___(condition)thatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking.Imaginativeideasaremostlikelytoetouswhenwereunfocused.Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimeesintheearlyevening___9___youarerelaxed.Sleepypeople’slackoffocusleadstoanincreaseincreativeproblemsolving.Bynotgivingyourselftimetotuneintoyourwanderingmind,you’remissingoutonthe____10____(surprise)solutionsitmayoffer.【答案】8.conditions9.when10.surprising【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了我們大多數(shù)人度過上午的兩種方式不利于促進靈活、開放的思維。注意力不集中時最有可能產(chǎn)生富有想象力的想法?！?題詳解】考查名詞的復數(shù)。句意：我們大多數(shù)人度過上午的兩種方式不利于促進靈活、開放思維的條件。根據(jù)定語從句thatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking可知此處先行詞要用名詞的復數(shù)形式作介詞to的賓語。故填conditions。【9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：如果你是那種精力充沛的早起者，那么傍晚放松的時候是你最有創(chuàng)造力的時候。earlyevening為先行詞，在定語從句中作時間狀語從句。關系副詞為when。故填when。【10題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如果不給自己時間去調(diào)整自己的思緒，你就會錯過它可能提供的令人驚訝的解決方案。根據(jù)名詞solutions可知此處要用ving形式的形容詞，作定語。故填surprising。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文。掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。IknewIshouldn’tbedrawinginmathsclass,butjustcouldn’t____11____.Mr.GalvinhadsuchafunnylookashelookedoverhisglassesatJamie’sunsuccessful____12____tosolvetheproblemontheboard.MaybeI____13____callthissplendidworkofart“Galvineyes”orsomething____14____disrespectful.IsuddenlyrealizedMr.Galvinwascallingmyname,“Peter,whatisyour—____15____thisproblem?“Ohno,Mr.Galvinwas____16____inmydirection!Indesperation,Itriedto____17____mybooktocoverthedrawing,butitwastoolate.“Peter,haveyoupletedproblemnumberseven?”EventhoughIhadn’tevenstartedtheproblem,Irepliedinmymost____18____tone,“Notquite,sir.”Whenhestoppedatthefrontoftherow,itboostedmy____19____.“I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.”WhydidIalwayshavetoopenmybigmouth,____20____leavingwellenoughalone?Nowhewasingdirectlytowardmydesk.Mr.Galvin,inatoneof____21____,suggested,“Whydon’tyouetotheboardandshowushow____22____you’vegotten,andperhapsyourclassmatescan____23____youpletetheproblem?”AsIsearchedforananswer,Mr.Galvinreachedmydesk.Heliftedmybookwiththe____24____offindingapartiallysolvedmathsproblem.Instead,hefounda____25____ofhimself,glassesandall,lookingatJamiewithaquestioninglookonhisface.AtleastIhadn’thad____26____towrite“Galvineyes”orsomethingelseunderneathit!“Peter,”askedMr,Galvin,“justwhatdoyouexpectto____27____ofyourselfwiththiskindofbehaviour?”Withoutthinkinghowitmightbe____28____,Ireplied,“Acartoonist.”Wronganswer!Theclassgavea(n)____29____roundofapplause.But,actually,Ihadn’tmeanttoweakenhisauthoritywiththeclass.Ihadplentyofopportunitytothinkofother____30____whilewaitinginMr.Galvin’sofficeafterschool.Buttomysurprise,hesaidsoftlytome,“Tobeacartoonistiscool.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveuponmaths,right?”“Withasmile,hecontinued,“WellIhadtoadmitthisicimageofmeiskindofcute,funnythough.Keeptrying,boy.Andwhosaysyoucan’tbethenextStanLee?”11.A.avoid B.remain C.resist D.doubt12.A.campaign B.trick C.fight D.attempt13.A.need B.could C.must D.dare14.A.equally B.frequently C.purely D.normally15.A.imagination B.solution C.evaluation D.description16.A.looking B.shouting C.pointing D.walking17.A.hold B.adjust C.balance D.replace18.A.dramatic B.reasonable C.respectful D.friendly19.A.confidence B.honesty C.pride D.strength20.A.regardlessof B.inspiteof C.intermsof D.insteadof21.A.disappointment B.understanding C.distrust D.shock22.A.far B.many C.soon D.long23.A.feel B.help C.have D.let24.A.consideration B.assumption C.expectation D.impression25.A.drawing B.photo C.story D.report26.A.mood B.space C.courage D.time27.A.drive B.set C.show D.make28.A.taken B.put C.played D.settled29.A.polite B.nice C.appreciative D.average30.A.instructions B.replies C.suggestions D.methods【答案】11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B16.A17.A18.C19.D20.D21.B22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.D28.D29.C30.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己在數(shù)學課上畫畫，當被加爾文先生問到第七道數(shù)學題的解答方法時卻謊稱快做好了，后來被加爾文先生發(fā)現(xiàn)了。放學后，在辦公室里，加爾文先生沒有責怪他，并鼓勵他畫畫的同時要學好數(shù)學。【11題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我不應該在數(shù)學課上畫畫，但就是忍不住。A.avoid避免；B.remain保持；C.resist抵抗，忍?。籇.doubt懷疑。根據(jù)“IknewIshouldn’tbedrawinginmathsclass”可知此處表示忍不住在數(shù)學課上畫畫。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當加爾文先生透過眼鏡看著杰米沒能成功嘗試解決黑板上的問題時，他的表情很滑稽。A.campaign運動，活動；B.trick惡作劇，竅門；C.fight打架，斗爭；D.attempt試圖，企圖。根據(jù)“tosolvetheproblemontheboard”可知此處表示杰米嘗試解決黑板上的問題，但沒有成功。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。句意：也許我可以把這個偉大的藝術作品叫做“加爾文之眼”或者其他同樣無禮的名字。A.need需要；B.could可以，能夠；C.must必須；D.dare敢。根據(jù)“callthissplendidworkofart“Galvineyes””可知此處表示可以把這個偉大的藝術作品叫做“加爾文之眼”。故選B。【14題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：也許我可以把這個偉大的藝術作品叫做“加爾文之眼”或者其他同樣無禮的名字。A.equally同樣地，平等地；B.frequently經(jīng)常地，頻繁地；C.purely僅僅，只不過；D.normally正常地，通常地。根據(jù)“disrespectful”可知此處表示其他同樣無禮的名字。故選A。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然意識到加爾文先生正叫著我的名字，“彼得，你對這個問題的解決方案是什么?”A.imagination想象；B.solution解決方案；C.evaluation評價；D.description描述，描寫。根據(jù)上文“tosolvetheproblemontheboard”可知此處表示是對這個問題的解決方案。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：哦，不，加爾文先生朝我這邊看了!A.looking看著；B.shouting叫喊；C.pointing指向，表明；D.walking行走。根據(jù)上文“IsuddenlyrealizedMr.Galvinwascallingmyname”可知此處表示加爾文先生會朝我這邊看。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在絕望中，我試圖用我的書蓋住這幅畫，但已經(jīng)太晚了。A.hold持有,拿；B.adjust調(diào)整；C.balance使平衡；D.replace取代，代替。根據(jù)“mybooktocoverthedrawing”可知此處表示拿我的書蓋住這幅畫。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我還沒開始做這個問題，我還是用我最恭敬的語氣回答道：“沒完全做完，先生?！盇.dramatic巨大的，急劇的；B.reasonable合理的；C.respectful有禮貌的，恭敬的；D.friendly友好的。根據(jù)““Notquite,sir.””可知此處表示用最恭敬的語氣回答。故選C。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當他停在前排的時候，我的勇氣增強了。A.confidence自信；B.honesty誠實；C.pride自豪的；D.strength勇氣，力量，力氣。根據(jù)下文““I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.””可知此處表示我繼續(xù)說謊的勇氣增強了。故選D。【20題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么我總是要說大話，而不是順其自然？A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.inspiteof盡管，不顧；C.intermsof按照，依據(jù)；D.insteadof代替，而不是。根據(jù)“openmybigmouth”和“l(fā)eavingwellenoughalone”前后對比，可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：加爾文先生以一種理解的語氣建議說：“你為什么不到黑板來，告訴我們你已經(jīng)做了多少，也許你的同學可以幫助你完成這個問題?”A.disappointment失望，沮喪；B.understanding明白，理解；C.distrust不信任，懷疑；D.shock震驚。根據(jù)“suggested”可知此處指加爾文先生表示理解。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查副詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：加爾文先生以一種理解的語氣建議說：“你為什么不到黑板來，告訴我們你已經(jīng)做了多少，也許你的同學可以幫助你完成這個問題?”A.far程度深地；B.many許多的；C.soon快；D.long長期地。根據(jù)“you’vegotten”可知此處表示已經(jīng)做了多少，即題解到哪種程度了。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：加爾文先生以一種理解的語氣建議說：“你為什么不到黑板來，告訴我們你已經(jīng)做了多少，也許你的同學可以幫助你完成這個問題?”A.feel感覺；B.help幫助，促進；C.have讓，拿；D.let允許，出租。根據(jù)“pletetheproblem”可知此處表示同學可以幫助。故選B。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他拿起我的書，期望找到一道解了大部分的數(shù)學題。A.consideration考慮，關心；B.assumption設想；C.expectation期待，期望；D.impression印象，效果。根據(jù)上文的““I’llhaveitdoneinjustacoupleofminutes.””和“offindingapartiallysolvedmathsproblem”可知此處表示他期望找到一道解了大部分的數(shù)學題。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，他找到了一幅自己的畫像，上面戴著眼鏡，帶著疑問的表情看著杰米。A.drawing素描，圖畫；B.photo照片；C.story故事；D.report報告。根據(jù)上文“mybooktocoverthedrawing”可知此處表示他找到的是一幅自己的畫像。故選A。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至少我沒有時間在下面寫“加爾文之眼”或者其他什么東西!A.mood情緒，語氣；B.space空間，太空；C.courage勇氣；D.time時間。根據(jù)上文“butitwastoolate”可知此處表示時間不夠，所以沒來得及在下面寫“加爾文之眼”或者其他什么東西。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“彼得，”加爾文先生問道，“你這樣做是想讓自己成為什么?”A.drive開車；B.set放，創(chuàng)立，分配；C.show顯示，說明；D.make獲得，使得，成為。根據(jù)下文“Ireplied,“Acartoonist.””可知此處表示加爾文先生問道這樣做是想問作者我自己成為什么。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我也沒想應該怎么回答，就回答說：“一個漫畫家?！盇.taken拿，帶；B.put放；C.played打，玩；D.settled解決，定居。根據(jù)“Withoutthinking”可知此處表示沒想應該怎么解決，即回答老師的這個問題。故選D。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：全班同學報以一陣贊賞的掌聲。A.polite有禮貌的；B.nice好的；C.appreciative感激的，賞識的；D.average平均的，普通的。根據(jù)“Wronganswer!”和“Ihadn’tmeanttoweakenhisauthoritywiththeclass”可知此處表示全班同學報以一陣贊賞的掌聲來揶揄我。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：放學后，在加爾文先生的辦公室里等著的時候，我有很多機會去想其他的回答。A.instructions說明，指令；B.replies回復，回答；C.suggestions建議；D.methods方法。根據(jù)“whilewaitinginMr.Galvin’sofficeafterschool”可知此處表示我有很多機會去想其他的答復。故選B。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項并答題卡上將該項涂黑。ARecordcollector★Bookazineseries★PinkFloydShootingForTheMoonItrecordsthedevelopmentofthisgloballylovedband,fromtheirbeginningsbackin1967totheirlastingpositionhalfacenturylater,bythewayofarchive(檔案,史料).TherollingStones:MakingTheLegendThisspecialmagazinefocusingonthearchivestellstheeststoryoftheriseofTherollingStones.It’samusthaveforfansoftheworldsgreatestrock’n’rollband—andforanyonewhowantstobecamewhatitistoday,thisisthebookazineforyou.TheBeatles—Vol1Evolution(194064)ThisisthefirstindiesetofthreeIts116pagescovereverysingle,albumandepfrom1962to1964,allnewlyreviewedbytopexperts,formingaUKBeatlesdiscography(錄音作品名錄)withments:amusthaveforfansandcollectors.TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(196567)ItisthesecondinthesetCoveringtheircreativegloryyearsinthemid60s,uptotherecordingoftheirmasterpiece,SgtPepper’s,itpresentsinterviewswiththeirgreatproducerGeorgeMartin,PattieBoydandBeatlesinsiderTonyBramwell.116pagesofqualityreading.TheBeatles—Vol3:Ascension(19682019)Itisthethirdintheseries,coveringtheirfinalyearstogether,fromthestoryoftheWhiteAlbumtothesuccessofAbbeyRoad.Thereisanalysisofwhatfinallybrokeuptheband.◆Buyapackageofany3forjust￡18.00UK(￡28.50EU,￡34.50restofworld)postagepackingincluded◆Availabletobuyseparatelyat￡6.99UK,￡10.49EU&￡12.49restofworldpostagepackingincluded◆Foramixedpackagepleasecalluson02087528193NOW!31.Ifareaderisinterestedinthedevelopmentofrock’n’roll,hewillchoose________.A.PinkFloyd—ShootingForTheMoonB.TheRollingStones:MakingTheLegendC.TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(965—7)D.TheBeatles—Vol3:Ascension(1968—2019)32.WhatmakesTheBeatles—Vol2specialintheset?A.Itincludesinterviews. B.Itaccessesthearchives.C.Ithasatotalof116pages. D.Ittellswhythebandbrokeup.33.HowmuchshouldhepayifareaderinChinawantstobuytheBeatlespackage?A.￡37.47. B.￡31.47.C.￡34.50. D.￡28.50【答案】31.B32.A33.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些書本記錄收藏集系列的相關信息?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TherollingStones:MakingTheLegend中“It’samusthaveforfansoftheworldsgreatestrock’n’rollband—andforanyonewhowantstobecamewhatitistoday,thisisthebookazineforyou.（對于世界上最偉大的搖滾樂隊的粉絲來說，這本書是必不可少的，對于任何想成為它今天這樣的人來說，這本書就是適合你的。）”可知，如果讀者對搖滾樂的發(fā)展感興趣，他會選擇TherollingStones:MakingTheLegend。故選B項。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheBeatles—Vol2:Revolution(196567)中“itpresentsinterviewswiththeirgreatproducerGeorgeMartin,PattieBoydandBeatlesinsiderTonyBramwell（它介紹了他們偉大的制作人喬治·馬丁，帕蒂·博伊德和披頭士內(nèi)部人士托尼·布拉姆韋爾的訪談）”可知，甲殼蟲樂隊第二卷的特別之處在于它包括訪談。故選A項。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“

Buyapackageofany3forjust

￡18.00UK(￡28.50EU,

￡34.50restofworld)postagepackingincluded（買任意3本的一個套餐，英國只要￡18.00(歐盟要￡28.50，世界其它地區(qū)要￡34.50)包括郵資包裝費）”可知，如果一個中國讀者想買甲殼蟲樂隊套餐，他應該付￡34.50。故選C項。BTerasaHilldidnotintendtodosomethingunplanned.ItbeganwhenTerasa,whohadgrownuparoundhorses,wasobservingahorseauction(拍賣).Achestnut:racehorsewasforsale?Thehorsehadaninjuredleg,butthatdidn’tmatter“ShewasthemostbeautifulthingI’deverseen,”saidTerasa.Whenthebiddingstarted,Terasasurprisedherselfbysteppingin.Therewasnowayshewasgoingtoallowthathorsetohaveanuncertainfuture.AtMYM450,thebiddingstopped!TerasabecamethenewownerofSierra,anervousracehorsewithanunfortunatepast.Sierra,limping(病)andhurtwithpainfromabrokenknee,becamealabourofloveforTerasa.Afterthreelongmonthsofnursingherundertheguidanceofalocalanimaldoctor,thelegrecoveredandTerasa’smostimpressivegamebegan.Itwasn’tonlySierra’slegthatneededtorecover;Sierraneededtorelearnhowtotrustpeople.TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.TerasaprovidedSierrawithmanytreats,butnonepassedthesniff(嗅)test—Sierraturneduphernoseatallofthem.Desperate,Terasaexperimentedbymakingherownmixtureofmolassesandgrains,whichshebakedinherownkitchen.ThecookieswereahitwithSierraandotherhorses,sendingTerasa’slifeinanewdirection.Terasalookhertreats,called“Barnies,”toalocalstore.Theysoldlikehotcakes,andwithinmonthslocalbusinessmenbegandemandingformore.Terasa’skitchenwasnolongerbigenoughfortheincreaseddemand,whichforcedhertomoveheroperationtoanOshawapany.Thenaserioushealthproblemthreatenedtoderailherplans.TerasacalleduponthesamedeterminationthathadhelpedhersaveSierratohelpherovereherownillness.FamilyandfriendscametoherrescueandkeptBarniesLtd.going.Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.AndwhataboutSierratheinspirationforallthissuccessandchange?Thehorsehasfullyrecoveredandhasbeeawonderfulridinghorse.34.WhydidTerasetrymakingherowncookies?ATobeabletoworkfromhome.B.Tosetupabusinessofherown.C.ToprovideahealthydietforSierra.D.Tofindawaytobondwiththehorse.35.Whatduestheunderlinedword“derail”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Reject. B.Develop. C.Launch. D.Ruin.36.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTerasa?A.Determinedandcaring. B.Capableandcourageous.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing. D.Strongwilledandhumor.37.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ARemarkablerecoveryB.Loveme,LovemyhorseC.ALabourofLoveInspiresaCareerD.AnimalLoverLiftsLimpingHorse’sSpirits【答案】34.D35.D36.A37.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了TerasaHill對一匹名叫Sierra的受傷賽馬付出了愛的勞動，這份勞動使得Terasa建立起了一個曲奇餅干公司?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.TerasaprovidedSierrawithmanytreats,butnonepassedthesniff(嗅)test—Sierraturneduphernoseatallofthem.Desperate,Terasaexperimentedbymakingherownmixtureofmolassesandgrains,whichshebakedinherownkitchen.ThecookieswereahitwithSierraandotherhorses,sendingTerasa’slifeinanewdirection.（Terasa認為贏得Sierra的信任和喜愛的最好方法就是給它喂食。Terasa給塞拉提供了很多零食，但是沒有一個能通過嗅嗅測試。Sierra對所有的零食都嗤之以鼻。絕望之下，Terasa嘗試在自己的廚房里烤出糖漿和谷物的混合物。這些餅干受到了Sierra和其他馬的歡迎，讓Terasa的生活有了新的方向。）”可知，Terase嘗試自己做餅干是想找到與賽馬Sierra建立聯(lián)系的辦法。故選D項?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Terasa’skitchenwasnolongerbigenoughfortheincreaseddemand,whichforcedhertomoveheroperationtoanOshawapany.（Terasa的廚房已經(jīng)不能滿足日益增長的需求，這迫使她把她的業(yè)務轉(zhuǎn)移到奧沙瓦的一家公司。）”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Thenaserioushealthproblemthreatenedtoderailherplans.（然后，一個嚴重的健康問題威脅到_________她的計劃。）”由Terasa把業(yè)務轉(zhuǎn)移到奧沙瓦的一家公司，但是她出現(xiàn)了嚴重的健康問題，可知，這會毀壞她的計劃，因此，劃線詞derail意為“毀壞，奔潰”。故選D項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itwasn’tonlySierra’slegthatneededtorecover;Sierraneededtorelearnhowtotrustpeople.TerasathoughtthebestwaytowinSierra’strustandfondnesswastofeedhertreats.（需要康復的不僅僅是Sierra的腿；Sierra需要重新學習如何信任別人。Terasa認為贏得Sierra的信任和喜愛的最好方法就是給它喂食。）”可知，Terasa是有同情心的；以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.（大約一年后，Terasa比以往任何時候都更健康、更堅定，她找到了一個全國分銷商，Bainies開始在加拿大各地的144家門店銷售。）”可知她是有決心的人。因此，Terasa既有決心又是有同情心的。故選A項。【37題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Sierra,limping(病)andhurtwithpainfromabrokenknee,becamealabourofloveforTerasa.（膝蓋受傷疼痛和難忍的Sierra愛上了Terasa。）”；以及倒數(shù)第二段中“FamilyandfriendscametoherrescueandkeptBarniesLtd.going.Almostayearlater,healthyandmoreresolutethanever,TerasafoundanationaldistributorandBainiesbegansellingin144storesacrossCanada.（她的家人和朋友來拯救她，讓巴尼繼續(xù)經(jīng)營下去。大約一年后，Terasa比以往任何時候都更健康、更堅定，并找到了一個全國分銷商，Bainies開始在加拿大各地的144家門店銷售。）”可知，本文主要講述了TerasaHill對一匹名叫Sierra的受傷賽馬付出了愛的勞動，這份勞動使得Terasa建立起了一個曲奇餅干公司，因此本文的最佳標題選項C“愛的勞動激發(fā)了一份事業(yè)”符合題意。故選C項。CAcrosstheglobeonly10percentofthepopulationarelefthanded—andithasbeenthatwayforthousandsofyears.Butwhenyoulookintothesportsworld,leftiesexistinlargenumbers.Why?Theanswerliesintherelativebalancebetweencooperationandpetitioninhumansociety,saysanewstudypublishedinBritain’sTheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyInterface.ThestudybyprofessorDanielAbramsandMarkPanaggioofappliedsciencepointsoutthatforsocietytofunctionefficiently—handinhand—cooperationiskey.Andcooperationfavorssamehandedness—sowecansharetools,forexample,andmoreeasilyteacheachotherskills.Ontheotherhand,petitionfavorstheelementofsurprise.Andthisiswhy“l(fā)efthandershavetheadvantageinanysportwherethere’sdirectphysicalcontest,”Abramssaid.“Theyhavethesurpriseadvantageinthattheypracticemoreagainsttherighthanders,buttherighthandersdon’tpracticemuchagainstthem.“It’salsothereasonleftieshaven’tbeenwipedout,”evolutionarilyspeaking.“Lefthandedpeoplehavealwayshadthisbuiltinadvantageforthiskindofpetition,”Abramssaid.Thus,solongasthere’spetitioninsociety,leftieswillsurvive.AdamsandPanaggiocreatedaputermodelthatcorrectlypredictedthepercentageoflefthandedathletesinseveralsports.Abouthalfofmajorleaguebaseballplayersandproboxersarelefthanders,whileamongPGagolfersthenumberofleftiesisamere4percent.“Golfisoneofourgotoexamplesforthecooperativeeffect,”Abramsaid.“Lefthandersseemtobeselectedagainstingolf,andthereasonforthatisthatgolfhasacooperativeaspecttoit.Especiallywhenpeoplefirstbeginplayinggolftheytendtoborroworrentclubs,andlefthandedclubsarehardertofindandthey’remoreexpensive.Sothere’sacooperativeadvantageinthatpeoplecanshareclubswhenthey’reallofthesamehandedness.”Butit’snotjustgolfthatcanbechallenging.Livingasalefthandedminorityinaworlddesignedfortherighthandedmajoritycanbereallydangerous.“Evidencefromoutsidethesportsworldisthatlefthandersaremorelikelytobeinvolvedinaccidentsinvariousways,”Abramssaid.Sowhenpickingplayersfortheofficesoftballteam,youwanttochooseasmanyleftiesasyoucantomaximizeyourchanceofwinning—butdon’tbesurprisedwhentheyshowuptothegameinjured.38.Therearemorerighthandersinthesocietybecause________.A.theycanworktogetherbetter B.peopleprefertouserighthandsC.leftiesareunwillingtocooperate D.ithasbeenthecaseforalongtime39.Inwhatsportsareleftiesfavoured?A.Sportsthatsurpriseaudience.B.Sportsthatvalueindividualpractice.C.Sportsthatrequireprofessionalskills.D.Sportsthatinvolvephysicalpetition.40.Whyareonly4%golferslefthanders?A.Becausegolfhasahighentrybarrier.B.BecauselefthandersgetinjuredeasilyC.BecausegolfLakesupmuchlimeandenergy.D.Becauselefthandersfindithardtowiningolf.41.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.pareandeducate B.explainandinformC.discussandpersuade D.examineandassess【答案】38.A39.D40.A41.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項最新關于慣用手的研究。生活中大部分人是右利手，而在體育界左撇子的數(shù)量非常多，一項發(fā)表在英國《皇家學會界面雜志》上的新研究表明，答案在于人類社會合作與競爭之間的相對平衡。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“ThestudybyprofessorDanielAbramsandMarkPanaggioofappliedsciencepointsoutthatforsocietytofunctionefficiently—handinhand—cooperationiskey.Andcooperationfavorssamehandedness—sowecansharetools,forexample,andmoreeasilyteacheachotherskills.(這項由應用科學的DanielAbrams教授和MarkPanaggio教授進行的研究指出，要想讓社會有效運轉(zhuǎn)——手拉手——合作是關鍵。而且合作更青睞于慣用手——例如，我們可以共享工具，也更容易互相傳授技能。)”可知，要使社會有效運轉(zhuǎn)，攜手合作是關鍵，而合作更傾向于選擇有一樣利手的人，這樣人們可以分享工具，更容易地傳授技能，由此可知，從社會角度來說，大部分人是右利手是因為他們可以更好地合作。故選A項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Ontheotherhand,petitionfavorstheelementofsurprise.Andthisiswhy“l(fā)efthandershavetheadvantageinanysportwherethere’sdirectphysicalcontest,”Abramssaid.(另一方面，競爭傾向于出人意料的元素。這就是為什么“左撇子在任何有直接身體對抗的運動中都有優(yōu)勢，”艾布拉姆斯說。)”可知，左利手（左撇子）在任何有直接身體對抗的運動中占優(yōu)勢。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容“Especiallywhenpeoplefirstbeginplayinggolftheytendtoborroworrentclubs,andlefthandedclubsarehardertofindandthey’remoreexpensive.Sothere’sacooperativeadvantageinthatpeoplecanshareclubswhenthey’reallofthesamehandedness.”可知，尤其是當人們剛開始打高爾夫球的時候，他們傾向于借或租球桿，而左撇子的球桿很難找到，也更貴。所以當人們有相同的慣用（右）手時他們可以共享球桿，這就是合作優(yōu)勢。由此可知，為什么只有4%的高爾夫球手是左撇子是因為高爾夫的進入門檻很高。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段揭示了文章主旨要義“Acrosstheglobeonly10percentofthepopulationarelefthanded—andithasbeenthatwayforthousandsofyears.Butwhenyoulookintothesportsworld,leftiesexistinlargenumbers.Why?Theanswerliesintherelativebalancebetweencooperationandpetitioninhumansociety,saysanewstudypublishedinBritain’sTheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyInterface.(全世界只有10%的人是左撇子，而且這種情況已經(jīng)持續(xù)了數(shù)千年。但當你審視體育界時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)左撇子的數(shù)量非常多。為什么?一項發(fā)表在英國《皇家學會界面雜志》上的新研究表明，答案在于人類社會合作與競爭之間的相對平衡。)”，由此可知，文章主要講述了為什么生活中大部分人都是右利手（因為要合作），而在體育界中大部分運動員都是左利手（因為要競爭）；同時文章在后文段落“Butit’snotjustgolfthatcanbechallenging.Livingasalefthandedminorityinaworlddesignedfortherighthandedmajoritycanbereallydangerous.(但挑戰(zhàn)的不僅僅是高爾夫。在一個為右撇子多數(shù)人設計的世界里，作為一個左撇子少數(shù)人生活是非常危險的。)”告知了讀者左利手的人們也面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。由此可推知，這篇文章主要目的是解釋并告知。故選B項。DRemovinggenderbiasTailorsworkedoutlongagothatmenandwomenhavedifferentshapes.Yetthismessagehasfailedtoentermanyotherareasofdesign.Carseatbelts,forexample,whichdatebacktothe1880s,areoftenstillmoresuitableformen,whotendtositfartherbackthanwomenwhendriving.AndtodaythemostforwardlookingtechpaniesonEartharestillplacingoldschoolbias(偏見；成見)intonewproducts.Considersmartphones.Mostaretoobigtofitfortablyintotheaveragewoman’shand,asaremanyvideogamecontrollers.Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfortheirdesignproblemisthatmencontrolmostofitspanies—malerunfirmsreceive82%ofventurecapital(VC)funding.Malebossesmaybeunawareoftheproblemswomenface.Theymaynotflagupobviousareasofconcern,orasktherightquestionswhendoingtheirresearchforanewproductdesign.Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproductdesignandengineeringteams,threequartersofwhosemembersaremen.Theseteamsoftenusedatatomakedecisions,butmixingalluserstogethermeanstheymayfailtospottrendsbasedonsexdifferences.Dependenceonhistoricaldata,andthelackofdataonunderrepresentedgroups,canalsocreatebiasinalgorithms(算法).Nextestesting.Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodelsontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynotgetfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.Thereisalsotheriskofconfirmationbias—designersmaylistentowhattheywanttohear,andignorenegativereactionsfromsomegroupsofusers.Tech’sdesignbiasneedsfixingformoral,safetyandbusinessreasons.Theethicalimportanceisobvious:itiswrongthatwomenhavetomakedowitha“onesizefitsmen”world,asCarolineCriadoPerez,awriter,putsit.Asforsafety,regulatorscantacklethatbybanningthingsthataredangeroustowomen—includingseatbelts—becausetheyareno!designedproperly.Butthereisalsoapowerfulbusinesscaseforavoidingdesignbias,becausehugeopportunitiesarebeingmissed.Womenare50%ofthepopulation,andmake70—80%oftheworld’sconsumerspendingdecisions.Changeising.Thefirstvoicerecognitionsystemsstruggledtounderstandfemalevoices,butmostnowmanagejustfine.“Femtech”startuppanies,whichfocusonwomen’shealthandwellbeing,mayraiseMYM1billionbytheendofthisyear.VCfundsandtechfirmsarehiringmorewomen.Ensuringthatproductsaredesignedforeveryonewouldleadtohappierandsafercustomers.Forthepaniesthatgetitright,thatmeanshigherprofits.Whatisholdingthemback?42.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2means________.A.hitsthemarket B.getsapprovalC.beessuccessful D.esintobeing43.WhatisdiscussedinParagraphs2and3?A.Whytech’sdesignbiasneedstobefixed.B.Howgenderbiasisaffectingtechpanies.C.Wheregenderbiasinproductdesignisrooted.D.Whoistoblameforgenderbiasintechpanies.44.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.techpaniesareunwillingtochangeB.designbiasmayresultinmissedopportunitiesC.maleworkersbenefitmoreinengineeringteamsD.techpaniesarepooratmakinguserfriendlyproducts45.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofbiasfreeproductdesign?A.Uncertain. B.Sceptical.C.Positive. D.Negative.【答案】42.B43.C44.B45.C【解析