閱讀理解（關(guān)愛老人）-2023年高考英語母題題源解密

專題02閱讀理解（關(guān)愛老人）

畫題呈現(xiàn)

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

"Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.',

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:HWearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.'1

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

圜題解密

一、題源刪減

HenPovveirlaunchesinLondon

OUFflagshipprojectHenPowerhasarrivedinLondon!

settingsintheNorthEast.

Its-nowspre&ditswiRg93Hd-headed-te?由e-eapkal：

TheschemeissupportedbyMayorofLondonBorisJohnson,whosaid:"HenPowerisaninnovativewayto

hel甲4aeklelongjlines8-and-enhafice-th?livesoUGkleFXefldeReFs：

“Thecapital'solderpopulationisgrowingandiA-great-thatLondonerswillnowhavetheopportHRky4eTake

parUfHhisvaluablescheme.”

IParagraph-JTheelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookafterto

stopthemfeelinglonely.

Set-Hp-in-204■隊Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity44eftPewep4s-fettftdtohelp

reducelonelinessdepressionandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsoie@ingbengfitiinbeingusedto

helppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind,eare-setringswithstaffStaffincarehomeshave

reportedreportingareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuseami，psychoticmedication.

settings,Elmgrove-Hettse~and60PeaBkl-S住eeh

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearedelightedtobetakingpartinthe

projectHenPoweraadpFoudtobethe~firsf-eKtFacafeschemes訪LondonwoekiRgw*由EqvalAi：ts-4he-project.

Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.

arenowCuFfently，叩pokingmorethan700elderlypeopleresidentsinevef20North

EastcarehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenHnancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

thearrivalofHenPowerinLondonisthestartofthecharitytakingitsnovelinitiativecountrywide.

DouglasHunter,EqualArtsdirector,said:"T。seeHenPowertakingoffinNottingHillHousingvenuesis

lesiamenltothedifferencethissimple-idea-eaH-h像eonpeople'swellbeing,noiR&tteivheretheyareinthe

eountry.

“Il-givespeopleanMeandFespensibilily-aHdFenidenl行cambeinvolved3smuch?g&theywish.-HenPoweF

movesawayfrompassivecareyousooftenseeinca+esettingsandharnessespeople'simaginationandintereststo

empowerthemselves.”

settings,ElmgroveHOHSBand60PenfoldStreet.

HH^HAmongthosetakingpartintheLondonprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“Iusedto

keephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensout

andtherelastthingatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

IH^HI"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus,peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehens

andresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohave

donesomethingusefulitissomethingdiffeienttode.”

|PuragraplfllWendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,said:''Residentshavereallyembraced

theideaoftheprojectHenPowerandthecreativesessions.

“Itgivesustheopportunityforstimulatingactivitiestoengagepeopleusingourdem—ntiaunit、dayservice

usersandlenanls.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeopleherethose

involved."

Knownashe召sioness；elderpeoplelakingparlinHenPowercanbecomeaelivev8kmieeFS；

Sharingtheirnewfoundknowledgeandhen由usiasmtheytakeHenRoadShowsouttoschools、community

eventsandolhercaresettings.

EarlierthisyearoriginalheasionesAlanRichards,aretiredtaxidriverfromGateshead,was-awafdedThe

PrimeMinister'sPointofLightawardfbrhisworkwiththescheme.

Tatidag-abouttheawardDavid_Gawefonsaid:"Alanandhis犯How，heRsienefahavedevelopedauniqueway

losupponcarehomeresidems.ThequirkyHenPowerprojeclhasaseFiousimpact,Feducingihedepressionand

lonelinessthatresidentscansometimesfeel.”

二、母題分析

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞為了防止老人孤獨，療養(yǎng)院讓老人們照顧小雞：stopthemfeelinglonely

分析首段，主旨句，命題專家特意給出的句子以助學(xué)生快速把握原文。

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

養(yǎng)雞計劃的來源及目的：Theproject；reduceloneliness；improveelderlypeople's

主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞

wellbeing；helppatientssufferingdementia；reductionintheuseofmedicine

分析這個項目的好處主要有兩點：①減少孤獨提高幸福感；②幫助抑制疾病。

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

"1liketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem,I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.'1

參與項目的老年人親身感受：RuthXavier；Iliketheprojectalot；It'sgoodtohavea

主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞

differentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities

分析參與項目的老年人非常喜愛這個項目，幫助他們擺脫孤獨感。

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.11

這個項目的現(xiàn)狀和未來發(fā)展:700elderlypeople；beengivenfinancialsupport；the

主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞

benefitsandfun；connectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.

有700名老人在照看小雞；項目獲得了資金支持；好處和樂趣；通過共同的興趣和

分析

創(chuàng)造性活動聯(lián)系我們的居民。

三、命題規(guī)律

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

命題規(guī)律及備考建議

1.考察段落細(xì)節(jié)。前面兩段主要講述這個項目的目的和意義，所以考點處在此處。

2.正確選項D設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。stopthemfeelinglonely；reduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing-*theelderlypeople'swelfare

①原文重點語句的誤解。原文用“Theelderlyresidentsincare

homesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthem

feelinglonely（減輕療養(yǎng)院的老人的孤獨感）"，選項用"ensure

harmonyincarehomes（療養(yǎng)院的和諧）”，二者語義相差甚遠(yuǎn)。

命題規(guī)律

②原文語句的錯誤解讀。原文用“henstolookafter（照顧小雞）”，

3.錯誤選項設(shè)置選項用"part-timejobsfortheaged",選項把照顧小雞曲解為兼

職，違背了原文的語義。

③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“helppatientssufferingdementia,,

以及ureductionintheuseofmedicine"，選項用"raisemoneyfor

medicalresearch"。原文說項目可以幫助患有癡呆癥的患者，患

者通過項目用藥都減少了，選項曲解其意。

答題時抓住段落或文章的中心句，圍繞中心句和關(guān)鍵詞來鎖定答案。如本題，只要鎖

備考建議定題干關(guān)鍵詞"purpose”,在定位到原文的表示目的的“tod?！本涂梢缘贸龃鸢?，學(xué)

生在看原文時一定要準(zhǔn)確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

"1liketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.',

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

命題規(guī)律及備考建議

1.考察文章細(xì)節(jié)。項目是如何影響RuthXavier：Iliketheprojectalot；It'sgoodtohave

adifferentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities

2.正確選項B設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Iliketheprojectalot；It*sgoodto

haveadifferentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities-gainedasenseofachievement

①原文重點詞匯的誤解。原文用"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

younger"，說明RuthXavier自小就會養(yǎng)雞，選項用ulearnednew

lifeskills（新技能）”，這是對原文的曲解。

命題規(guī)律②推測原文的邏輯有誤。原文用uwastesthewater,fuel,andother

resources（浪費水、燃料以及其他的資源）料選項用“recovered

3.錯誤選項設(shè)置hermemory（恢復(fù)記憶）”，原文并未提及RuthXavier的記憶

力相關(guān)的東西。

③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“It'sgoodtohaveadifferent

focus”，選項用udevelopedastrongpersonalityo原文說的是

RuthXavier在這個項目中收獲很多，和個性無關(guān)，選項就變成了

養(yǎng)成了堅強的個性。

答題抓住題干關(guān)鍵詞和原文主旨句，如本題題干是"theprojectaffectedRuthXavier",

首先要通過原文的主旨句，第一段來看，這個項目的目的是幫助老人克服孤獨感，提

備考建議

升幸福感，只要答案選項圍繞這個來說即可，如B想獲得了成就感，其實就是讓老人

不再孤單。

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

''Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

命題規(guī)律及備考建議

1.考察短語語義。避免食物浪費大家都采取的對應(yīng)措施：Residentsreallywelcomethe

ideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfun

theprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.

2.正確選項C設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。welcometheideaoftheprojectand

thecreativesessions;thebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere-*begin

①原文信息的錯誤推斷。原文用“Resid6ntsreallywelcometheidea

oftheprojectandthecreativesessionsw,選項用“improve”，這

個項目一開始就是受歡迎的，所以用“提升”一詞和上下文不搭。

命題規(guī)律

②原文信息的錯誤推斷。原文用“Residentsreallywelcometheidea

oftheprojectandthecreativesessions",選項用"oppose（反對）”，

3.錯誤選項設(shè)置錯誤選項主要考察學(xué)生的詞匯量，認(rèn)識這個單詞基本上可以排除

這個選項。

③原文信息的錯誤推斷。原文用"Wearelookingforwardtothe

benefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere”，選項用

uevaluate（評估）"，此處答案選項和WendyWilson的說話內(nèi)

容不搭。

答題時注意詞義猜測題的上下兩句話的提示,如這里劃線部分的主語是WendyWilson,

備考建議那么前后都是他說的話，我們判斷這個短語的意思時要根據(jù)人物的說話內(nèi)容來判斷，

根據(jù)說話內(nèi)容可以得知這個劃線處大致是“參與、發(fā)起、開始”等類似的語義。

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.'1

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

命題規(guī)律及備考建議

1.考察段落大意。大家對這個項目的未來期待：Residentsreallywelcometheideaofthe

projectandthecreativesessions；thebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.；

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.

2.正確選項A設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Residentsreallywelcometheidea

oftheprojectandthecreativesessions_*wellreceived

①與原文觀點相矛盾。原文用uwelcometheideaoftheprojectand

thecreativesessions,選項用needstobemorecreativev，項

目本身就是具有創(chuàng)造性，原文沒提及它的缺點，而B選項是缺

命題規(guī)律

點，故和原文相矛盾。

②原文語句的錯誤解讀。原文用“thebenefitsandfuntheproject

3.錯誤選項設(shè)置canbringtopeoplehere,,，選項用ahighlyprofitablew,選項對

原文想表達項目給人們帶來了好處的一種曲解。

③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“Residentsreallywelcometheidea

oftheprojectn以及“Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsand

fun”,選項用atakesagestoseetheresultso原文中以及看到

了結(jié)果（非常受歡迎），選項與原文相矛盾。

備考建議答題時要緊緊抓住最后兩段的核心思想，把握關(guān)鍵詞。

四、外刊賞析

HenPovverlaunchesinLondon

OurflagshipprojectHenPovverhasarrivedinLondon!

Theaward-winningprojectlinksolderpeoplewithhenstocombatsocialisolationandisinmorethan20care

settingsintheNorthEast.

Itsnowspreaditswingsandheadedtothecapital.

TheschemeissupportedbyMayorofLondonBorisJohnson,whosaid:"HenPowerisaninnovativewayto

helptacklelonelinessandenhancethelivesofolderLondoners.

“ThecapitafsolderpopulationisgrowingandifsgreatthatLondonerswillnowhavetheopportunitytotake

partinthisvaluablescheme."

Setupin2013,HenPowerisfoundtohelpreducedepressionandimprovepeople'swellbeing.

Itisalsoseeingbenefitsindementiacaresettingswithstaffreportingareductionintheuseofanti-psychotic

medication.

JoiningwithEqualArts,NottingHillHousingwillruntheuniqueprojectwithresidentsattwoofitscare

settings,ElmgroveHouseand60PenfoldStreet.

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"WearedelightedtobetakingpartinHenPowerand

proudtobethefirstextracareschemesinLondonworkingwithEqualArtsontheproject.

Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."

Currentlysupportingmorethan700residentsinover20NorthEastcarehomesthearrivalofHenPowerin

Londonisthestartofthecharitytakingitsnovelinitiative