2021新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)34選修7Sharing

課時作業(yè)34SharingⅠ.閱讀理解AMediareportsarenotinganincreaseinthenumberofhouseslistedbyJapanesegovernmentnoso-called“akiyabanks”.InJapanese,akiyameansabandonedorvacanthouses.Accordingtorecentestimates(評估)fromtheNomuraResearchInstitute(NRI),Japanishometoanestimated10millionabandonedhouses,withmanyoldonesspreadingthroughoutruralareas.Anditisalsoestimatedthatthenumberofabandonedhouseswillgrowto21.7millionby2033,whichisroughlyone-thirdofallhouses.“Theseabandonedhousesaretoxicassets(不良資產(chǎn)),sincethey'recostlytomaintainortoteardown，”MunekatsuOta,headofavacationrentalfirm,toldtheJapanTimes.“Butsimplerepairscouldturnthemintomoneymakers.”Theincreasingnumberofvacanthousesisduetobothdecliningpopulation,ashiftfromruraltourbanenvironments,andculture.Inanefforttoincreaseitsyoungerpopulationanddecreasingworkforce,andresettleareaswithvacanthouses,Japanisplanningtoloosenitsoncetightlycontrolledvisapolicy.“AnyonewanderingaroundJapanknowsthatthereisgrowingdiversityinschoolsandtheworkplace，”saidJeffKingston,aprofessoratTempleUniversityJapan.“Employersknowjusthowimportantforeignworkersareandthisrecognitionisspreading.Japanisanewimmigrationdestinationandmoreisnecessarytopromoteitsfutureeconomicprogress.”Withplentyofvacanciesinthehousingmarket,government,officialshavebeenmakinggreatefforts.Theyoffer“free”houses,withbuyersonlypayingtaxesandfees,withsomegreatdiscounts,andwithsomeolderunitssoldforonlyafewhundreddollars.KatsutoshiArai,presidentofanestateagency,said“WhenIwasgrowingup,whatIalwaysheardisthatJapanhasahugepopulation,andyouwon'tbeabletobuyahouse.Nowyoucanbuyafairlybighouseforalowcost,redecorateitandlivewellinit.”本文是一篇說明文。日本國內(nèi)棄屋數(shù)量逐年以驚人的速度增長，如何處理這些棄屋成為政府的重要任務(wù)。1．WhatcanbelearnedfromNRI'sestimatesmentionedinParagraph2?A．Japanhasconstructedtoomanyhouses.B．Japaneseprefernewhousestooldones.C．Abandonedhouseshavebeeasocialproblem.D．Abandonedhousesmakeupabout33%ofallhouses.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，NRI估計日本現(xiàn)有1000萬棄屋，到2033年棄屋數(shù)量將達2170萬，由此可知日本棄屋已成為一個社會問題。2．WhatdoesJapandotodealwithitsincreasingabandonedhouses?A．Changepeople'sculturalconcepts.B．Turnruralareasintourbanones.C．Builddiverseschoolsandtheworkplace.D．Attractmoreforeignerstoworkinthecountry.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的．..loosenitsoncetightlycontrolledvisapolicy及Japanisanewimmigrationdestination...可知，為解決棄屋問題，日本政府放寬簽證政策，吸引更多外國人到日本工作。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．It'shardtodealwithvacanthousesinJapan.B．MorefreehouseswillbebuiltforJapanesepeople.C．HousinginJapanismoreaffordablethanbefore.D．MostJapanesearewillingtobuyabandonedhouses.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的．..youwon'tbeabletobuyahouse...buyafairlybighouseforalowcost...可推知，日本住房較之前更便宜了。BEversincetheUSspacecraft(航天器)programendedin2011,bothAmericanastronautsandthosefromothernationshavebeendependentontheRussianSoyuzspacecrafttogotoandfromtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Thedependence,whichcostsNASA$70millionforeachtrip,isnotcheap.Now,thankstoSpaceX'ssuccessfulCrewDragontest,astronautsmaysoonhaveabetteralternativeasforthetransportationtotheISS.TheDemo-1testbeganonSaturday,March2,2019at2：49am,whenaSpaceXFalcon9rocketfiredoffwithaCrewDragonspacecraftonitsback.Tenminutesafterthelaunching(發(fā)射),theFalcon9'sreusablefirststagerocketmadeaperfectlanding.Shortlyafter,theCrewDragoncapsuleleftFalcon9'ssecondstagerocketandmadeitswaytoitsfinaldestination,theISS.At5：51am,about27hoursaftergoingintospace,thecapsulesuccessfullyarrivedattheISS.TheCrewDragonspacecraftcarrieditsfirst“astronaut”，amannequin(人體模型),whichwearsspecialequipmenttomonitorwhatahumanwouldexperienceontheflight.Afteritsscheduledfive-daystay,intheearlyhoursofMarch8,2019,theCrewDragonautonomouslylefttheISSand,withitsonlypassengerstillonboard,madeitswaybacktoEarth.UponenteringtheEarth'satmosphere,thespacecraftopenedfourparachutes(降落傘)tohelpslowdownitsrapiddropping.TheCrewDragonthendroppedintotheAtlanticOceanoffFlorda'scoastasexpected,whereitwasinstantlypulledupbyawaitingship.“Itsreturninghappenedjustrightontimeinthewaythatweexpecteditto.I'msohappyaboutthat，”BenjaminReedsaid.ThesamespacecraftwillbeusedforasecondflightasearlyasApril2019.Thisflightwilltestasystemcalledthe“inflight-abortsystem”，whichisdesignedforitsrocketexperiencinganaccident.ThesystemconsistsofeightSuperDracothrusters(推進器)thatcanworkintheeventofadisasterandflyacrews-carriedCrewDragoncapsulefarawayfromitsfailingFalcon9.Ifallgoeswell,theCrewDragonwillsoontransportitsfirsttwohumanpassengerstotheISS.本文是一篇說明文。介紹了美國測試了其往返國際空間站飛船的航天工程。4．WhatmightbethesignificanceofSpaceX'ssuccessfulCrewDragontest?A．TheISSisavailabletosomecountriesforfree.B．Peoplecanliveinotherplanetsforlong.C．ThetransportationtotheISSismoreaffordable.D．NASAcanmakebetteruseoftheRussianSoyuzspacecraft.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句Thedependence...totheISS.可知，到達空間站的費用可能會便宜點。5．What'sParagraph2mainlywrittenabout?A．ThetaskscontainedintheDemo-1test.B．TheSpaceXFalcon9rocket'sspecialdesign.C．TheperfectendingoftheDemo-1test.D．ThesuccessfullaunchoftheSpaceXFalcon9rocket.答案：D解析：主旨大意題。通讀第二段可知，本段主要講解的內(nèi)容是：SpaceXFalcon9型火箭的成功發(fā)射。6．WhatmadeBenjaminReedveryhappyaccordingtoParagraph4?A．TheCrewDragon'sperfectlandingonearth.B．Thepassengers'goodconditionintheISS.C．Thetimelyhelpofthewaitingship.D．TheCrewDragon'sperformanceinitsfive-dayschedule.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段BenjaminReed的話Itsreturninghappened...expecteditto.，并結(jié)合本段的Uponentering...recoveryship.可知，讓BenjaminReed高興的是CrewDragon太空艙出色地降落在地球。7．The“inflight-abort”systemisdesignedto________.A．preventtherockethavinganaccidentB．savetheastronautsinanemergencyC．enableFalcon9toreplaceSuperDracothrustersD．a(chǎn)ttachtheCrewDragoncapsulefirmlytoFalcon9答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段whichisdesigned...failingFalcon9.可知，此系統(tǒng)是為了在火箭升空出現(xiàn)意外的情況下，拯救航天員的生命。Ⅱ.完形填空GreenbergwasaluckyguytoenterColumbiaUniversityonafullscholarship.Butjustbeforejunioryear,Greenberg's__1__changed.Onedayhisvision“__2__up”andlaterhewasdiagnosed(診斷)withglaua(青光眼).ThendoctorsoperatedonGreenberg'seyes.__3__，thesurgerydidn'twork.Greenbergwasgoingblind.Hewasso__AsGreenberg'sbestfriend,ArthurpersuadedGreenbergtogobacktoColumbiaUniversityand__5__tobehis“reader”.Arthurreadtextbookstohimeveryday,takingtimeoutfromhisownstudy,andGreenberg__6__scoringstraightA's.Still,hewas__Then,oneafternoon,GreenbergandArthurwenttoMidtownManhattan.Whenitwastimetogobacktocampus.Arthursaidhecouldn't__8__himbecauseofanappointment.Greenberg__9__.Theyargued,andArthurwalkedoff,leavingGreenbergaloneinGrandCentralTerminal.Greenberg,whowaspletely__10__，stumbled(蹣跚而行)throughtherush-hourcrowd.HetookashuttletrainwesttoTimesSquare,andthentransferredtoanuptowntrain.Fourmileslater,he__11__attheColumbiaAtthegateoftheuniversity,someone__12__him.“Oops,excuseme,sir.”Greenbergrecognizedthevoice.ItwasArthur's.Greenberg'sfirstreactionwas__13__，butinthenextsecond,herealizedwhathehadjustachievedandrealized,too,whohadmadeitpossible.__14__，Arthurhadbeenwithhimthewholeday,usingoneofthemostbrilliantstrategies.Blindnessdoesn'tmakeGreenbergfailtoappreciatethe__15__oflife.Healwayssaysheistheluckiestmanintheworld.Greenberg是哥倫比亞大學(xué)的一名優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿見任何人。幸運的是，在好朋友Arthur的幫助下，他克服了困難，重新找到了生活的美好。1．A.faith B．a(chǎn)ttitudeC．fortune D．reputation答案：C解析：根據(jù)空前一句“GreenbergwasaluckyguytoenterColumbiaUniversityonafullscholarship”和空后一句中的“hewasdiagnosed(診斷)withglaua(青光眼)”可推知，此處表示Greenberg的命運(fortune)發(fā)生了變化。故正確答案為C。2．A.lit B．steamedC．cleared D．cheered答案：B解析：根據(jù)空后的“andlaterhewasdiagnosed(診斷)withglaua(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的視力變得模糊。故正確答案為B。3．A.Otherwise B．MoreoverC．Therefore D．However答案：D解析：根據(jù)空前一句“ThendoctorsoperatedonGreenberg'seyes”和空后的“thesurgerydidn'twork”可知，前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。however“但是，然而”符合語境。otherwise“否則”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore“因此，所以”。4．A.shy B．desperateC．selfish D．nervous答案：B解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Greenbergwasgoingblind”可知，他是如此絕望(desperate)以至于拒絕見任何人。故正確答案為B。5．A.offered B．pretendedC．happened D．learned答案：A解析：根據(jù)下文“Arthurreadtextbokstohimeveryday,takingtimeoutfromhisownstudy”可知，Arthur說服Greenberg回到哥倫比亞大學(xué)，并主動提出(offered)成為他的“閱讀器”。故正確答案為A。6．A.endedup B．carriedonC．imagined D．considered答案：A解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在Arthur的幫助下，Greenberg最終取得了全優(yōu)的成績。endup“最終”符合語境。故正確答案為A。7．A.curious B．confidentC．excited D．tentative答案：D解析：根據(jù)本句中的“Still”以及空后的“reliedonhisfriend”可推知，他對獨處感到猶豫。tentative“猶豫的”符合語境，故正確答案為D。8．A.abandon B．rescueC．fort D．a(chǎn)cpany答案：D解析：根據(jù)空后的“becauseofanappointment”可知，Arthur因為有約會而無法陪同(acpany)他。故正確答案為D。abandon“拋棄