常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)法律詞匯匯總

常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)法律詞匯匯總

英語(yǔ)法律詞匯的掌握對(duì)于專業(yè)律師、法律翻譯和涉及法律領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)行業(yè)從業(yè)人員來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的。下面將詳細(xì)介紹一些常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)法律詞匯，以便大家更好地理解和運(yùn)用。

1.Law-法律

Lawreferstoasystemofrulesandregulationsthatarecreatedandenforcedbyaparticularcountryorcommunity.

2.Legal-法律的

Legalpertainstoanythingrelatedtothelaworitsrequirements.

3.Legislation-立法

Legislationreferstotheprocessofcreatingnewlawsormodifyingexistinglaws.

4.Statute-法規(guī)

Astatuteisawrittenlawthathasbeenformallypassedbyalegislativebody.

5.Regulation-規(guī)定

Aregulationisaruleordirectivethatisissuedbyanexecutivebranchofgovernmentinordertoimplementalaw.

6.Act-法案

Anactisaformalwrittenrecordofadecisionmadebyalegislativebody.Actscanbeusedtocreatenewlawsormodifyexistingones.

7.Legalsystem-法律體系

Alegalsystemisaframeworkofrules,institutions,andprocedureswithinwhichdisputesareresolvedandlawsaremadeandenforced.

8.Court-法院

Acourtisagovernmentalbodywithauthoritytoresolvelegaldisputes.Courtsapplythelawtomakedecisionsandjudgments.

9.Judge-法官

Ajudgeisapublicofficialwhopresidesovercourtproceedingsandmakesdecisionsbasedonthelaw.

10.Jury-陪審團(tuán)

Ajuryisagroupofcitizenswhoarechosentohearevidenceanddecidetheoutcomeofatrial.

11.Defendant-被告

Adefendantisapersonorentitythatisaccusedofcommittingacrimeorisbeingsuedinacivilcase.

12.Plaintiff-原告

Aplaintiffisapersonorentitythatbringsalawsuitagainstanotherpartyinacivilcase.

13.Prosecutor-檢察官

Aprosecutorisalawyerwhorepresentsthegovernmentincriminalcasesandisresponsibleforpresentingthecaseagainstthedefendant.

14.Attorney-律師

Anattorneyisapersonwhoisqualifiedandlicensedtopracticelaw,andisresponsibleforprovidinglegaladviceandrepresentationtoclients.

15.Evidence-證據(jù)

Evidenceisanyinformationormaterialthatispresentedincourttoproveordisproveafactorissueinacase.

16.Testimony-證詞

Testimonyistheoralorwrittenstatementgivenbyawitnessunderoathinacourtproceeding.

17.Contract-合同

Acontractisalegallybindingagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatcreatesrightsandobligations.

18.Tort-侵權(quán)行為

Atortisacivilwrongthatcausesharmorlosstoanotherperson,andcanresultinalegalliability.

19.Liability-責(zé)任

Liabilityreferstolegalresponsibilityforone'sactionsoromissionsthatcauseharmtoothers.

20.Damages-損害賠償

Damagesaremonetarycompensationawardedbyacourttoapartywhohassufferedharmorlossasaresultofanother'sactions.

21.Intellectualproperty-知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)

Intellectualpropertyreferstocreationsofthemindsuchasinventions,literaryandartisticworks,symbols,names,anddesignsthatareprotectedbylaw.

22.Copyright-版權(quán)

Copyrightisalegalprotectionthatgivesthecreatorofanoriginalworktheexclusiverighttoreproduce,distribute,anddisplaythework.

23.Trademark-商標(biāo)

Atrademarkisadistinctivesignorsymbolthatisusedtoidentifyanddistinguishgoodsorservicesofonepartyfromthoseofothers.

24.Patent-專利

Apatentisagovernmentgrantthatgivesinventorstheexclusiverighttomake,use,andselltheirinventionsforalimitedperiodoftime.

25.Constitutionallaw-憲法法律

Constitutionallawreferstothebodyoflawthatdealswiththeinterpretationandapplicationofacountry'sconstitution.

26.Civillaw-民法

Civillawreferstothebodyoflawthatgovernsprivatedisputesbetweenindividualsororganizations.

27.Criminallaw-刑法

Criminallawreferstothebodyoflawthatdealswithcrimesandthepunishmentofthosewhocommitthem.

28.Internationallaw-國(guó)際法

Internationallawreferstothebodyofrulesandprinciplesthatgoverntherelationsbetweenstatesandinternationalorganizations.

29.Humanrights-人權(quán)Humanrightsarefundamentalrightsandfreedomsthateveryindividualisentitledto,regardlessoftheirnationality,race,gender,orothercharacteristics.30.Constitutionalrights-憲法權(quán)利Constitutionalrightsaretherightsandfreedomsguaranteedtoindividualsbyacountry'sconstitution,whichserveasthefoundationforthelegalprotectionofcitizens.31.Dueprocess-正當(dāng)程序Dueprocessreferstothefairandimpartialtreatmentofindividualswithinthelegalsystem,ensuringthattheirrightsareprotectedandupheldthroughoutlegalproceedings.32.Legalprecedent-法律先例Legalprecedentreferstoapreviouslydecidedcasethatservesasaguidingprincipleorauthorityinsubsequentsimilarcases,providingabasisforlegalinterpretationanddecision-making.33.Ruleoflaw-法治Theruleoflawistheprinciplethatallindividuals,includinggovernmentofficials,aresubjecttoandequalbeforethelaw,ensuringaccountability,fairness,andjusticeinsociety.34.Judicialreview-司法審查Judicialreviewisthepowerofacourttoreviewandevaluatetheconstitutionalityandlegalityoflaws,regulations,andgovernmentalactions.35.Legalcounsel-法律顧問(wèn)Legalcounselreferstotheadviceandrepresentationprovidedbyalawyerorlegalprofessionaltoindividuals,businesses,ororganizationsinlegalmatters.36.Legalethics-法律道德Legalethicsaretheprofessionalstandardsandprinciplesthatgoverntheconductandbehavioroflawyers,ensuringintegrity,confidentiality,andloyaltytoclients.37.Mediation-調(diào)解Mediationisaformofalternativedisputeresolutioninwhichaneutralthirdpartyfacilitatescommunicationandnegotiationbetweenconflictingpartiestohelpthemreachamutuallyacceptableagreement.38.Arbitration-仲裁Arbitrationisamethodofresolvingdisputesoutsideofcourt,whereaneutralthirdparty,calledanarbitrator,reviewstheevidenceandmakesabindingdecision.39.Legalresearch-法律研究Legalresearchinvolvesthesystematicinvestigationandanalysisoflegalprinciples,statutes,regulations,andcasestosupportlegalargumentsandprovideaccuratelegaladvice.40.Legalwriting-法律寫(xiě)作Legalwritingreferstotheclearandconcisecommunicationoflegalinformation,includinglegalopinions,contracts,briefs,andotherlegaldocuments,inamannerthatiseasilyunderstoodbytheintendedaudience.41.Legalinterpretation-法律解釋Legalinterpretationistheprocessofanalyzingandunderstandingthemeaningandintentionbehindlaws,statutes,andlegaltexts,inordertoapplythemaccuratelytospecificcasesorsituations.42.Legaladvocacy-法律倡導(dǎo)Legaladvocacyinvolvesrepresentinganddefendingtheinterests,rights,andpositionsofclientsinlegalproceedings,usingpersuasiveargumentsandevidencetosupporttheircase.43.Legaleducation-法律教育Legaleducationencompassestheacademicstudyandprofessionaltrainingofindividualsaspiringtobecomelawyersorlegalprofessionals,providingthemwiththenecessaryknowledgeandskillstopracticelaw.44.Legalsystemreform-法律體系改革L(fēng)egalsystemreformreferstoeffortstoimproveandupdateacountry'slegalsystem,includingitslaws,institutions,andprocedures,inordertoenhanceaccesstojustice,efficiency,andfairness.45.IntellectualPropertyRights-知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)IntellectualPropertyRights(IPR)refertothelegalrightsgrantedtoindividualsororganizationsfortheircreativeandinnovativeworks,suchasinventions,literaryandartisticworks,trademarks,anddesigns.Theserightsenablecreatorsandinnovatorstohaveexclusivecontrolovertheircreationsandpreventothersfromunauthorizeduseorexploitation.46.TradeSecret-商業(yè)秘密Atradesecretisconfidentialbusinessinformationthatprovidesacompetitiveadvantagetoitsowner.Itcanincludeformulas,processes,customerlists,andothervaluableinformationthatisnotgenerallyknownoreasilydiscoverable.Tradesecretsareprotectedbylaw,andunauthorizedacquisition,use,ordisclosureoftradesecretscanresultinlegalaction.47.Infringement-侵權(quán)Infringementreferstotheunauthorizedorunlawfuluse,reproduction,distribution,ordisplayofcopyrightedworks,trademarks,orotherintellectualpropertywithoutthepermissionoftherightsholder.Infringementcanresultinlegalconsequences,includinginjunctions,damages,andpenalties.48.FairUse-合理使用Fairuseisalegaldoctrinethatallowslimiteduseofcopyrightedworkswithoutthepermissionoftherightsholder,forpurposessuchascriticism,comment,newsreporting,teaching,scholarship,orresearch.Thedeterminationoffairusedependsonseveralfactors,includingthepurposeandcharacteroftheuse,thenatureofthecopyrightedwork,theamountandsubstantialityused,andtheeffectonthepotentialmarketforthework.49.LegalAid-法律援助Legalaidreferstotheprovisionoffreeorlow-costlegalservicestoindividualswhocannotaffordtopayforlegalrepresentation.Itensuresaccesstojusticeformarginalizedanddisadvantagedindividualsandhelpsbalancethescalesofjusticebyprovidingequalopportunitiesforlegalprotectionandrepresentation.50.ProBono-免費(fèi)法律服務(wù)Probonoreferstotheprovisionoflegalservicesvoluntarilyandwithoutchargebylawyersorlawfirmstoindividualsororganizationsinneed.Probonoworkaimstopromoteequalaccesstojusticeandassistthosewhocannotaffordlegalrepresentation.51.LegalClinic-法律診所Alegalclinicisafacilityorprogramthatprovideslegalassistanceandadvicetoindividuals,usuallyunderthesupervisionoflicensedattorneysorlawprofessors.Legalclinicsoftenserveastraininggroundsforlawstudentstogainpracticalexperiencewhileofferingfreeorlow-costlegalservicestounderservedcommunities.52.Confidentiality-保密Confidentialityistheethicalandlegaldutytokeepinformationsharedbyclientsorobtainedduringthecourseoflegalrepresentationconfidential.Lawyersareobligatedtoprotecttheprivacyandconfidentialityoftheirclientsandcanfacedisciplinaryactioniftheydiscloseprivilegedorconfidentialinformationwithoutauthorization.53.ConflictofInterest-利益沖突Aconflictofinterestariseswhenaperson,suchasalawyer,hascompetingpersonal,professional,orfinancialintereststhatcouldcompromisetheirobjectivity,judgment,orloyaltytotheirclient.Lawyersmustavoidconflictsofinterestand,iftheyarise,disclosethemtotheclientandtakeappropriatemeasurestoaddressthem.54.LegalPrecedent-法律先例Legalprecedent,alsoknownascaselaw,referstothepastdecisionsofhighercourtsthatestablishbindinglegalprinciplesandinterpretationofthelaw.Lowercourtsaregenerallyboundtofollowtheprecedentsetbyhighercourtsunlesstherearecompellingreasonstodepartfromit.55.LegalSystemHierarchy-法律體系層級(jí)Legalsystemsoftenhaveahierarchicalstructure,withdifferentlevelsofcourtsandjudicialauthorities.Generally,thehierarchystartswithtrialcourtsordistrictcourtsatthelowestlevel,followedbyappellatecourtsorhighcourts,andultimatelythehighestcourt,suchasasupremecourtorconstitutionalcourt,whichhasthefinalauthoritytointerpretandapplythelaw.56.LegalDisputeResolution-法律糾紛解決Legaldisputeresolutionreferstothemethodsandprocessesusedtoresolveconflictsanddisputesbetweenparties,includingnegotiation,mediation,arbitration,andlitigation.Differentdisputeresolutionmechanismsoffervaryingdegreesofformality,cost,flexibility,andfinality,allowingpartiestochoosethemostsuitableapproachfortheirspecificcircumstances.57.LegalLiability-法律責(zé)任Legalliabilityisthelegalresponsibilityorobligationtocompensatesomeoneforharmorlossresultingfromone'sactionsoromissions.Itcanarisefromvariousareasofl