高職英語第一冊-Unit-10

高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishUnit11TextWhatWeEatTextexercisesFastReadingFastreadingexercisesGrammarFutureandPastFutureTensesGrammarexercisesWord-BuildingUnit10WhatWeEat1．Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhaveverydifferentideasaboutwhatisgoodtoeat.

IfyouwereanEskimoneartheNorthPole,youwouldenjoytherawmeatfromseals.Ifyouwereanomadbroughtupinthedesert,youwouldprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoats.Americanscookthemeatofmanydifferentanimals,butperhapstheirfavoritemeatissteak.Americansalsoeatalotofchicken,aswellasfishandotherfoodsfromthesea.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfishatall.Theyarecalledvegetarians.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高職公共英語教程HOMEnextbackpreview2．Evenwhenpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworldeatthesamefood,theyoftenprepareitverydifferently.IfyouwereinGermany,youwouldfindsoupthatisthickandheavy.IfyouwereinChina,youwouldfindsoupthatisthinandclear.Manypeoplelikebutterthatisfreshandfirm,butsomepeople–inIndia,forexample–likebutterwhenitismeltedintooil.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高職公共英語教程HOMEpreviewnextbackIfyouaskedsomeAmericanshowtheylikedtheirsteakcooked.Youwouldgetavarietyof

answers.Someliketheirsteakwell-done,whereas

otherslikeitrare.Manyprefertheirsteakmedium–thatis,halfwaybetweenrareandwell-done,althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy,anAmericanrarelyeatsanymeatthatisuncooked.TheIrishlikeplainboiledpotatoes,whereasmostAmericansprefertheirpotatoespreparedinotherways–fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinese高職公共英語教程HOMEnextbackpreview3．Peoplelivingindifferentregionsofthesamecountryoftenpreparefoodsdifferently.TheUnitedStateshasitsregional

specialties,too–forexample,“Southernfried”chickenandthebakedbeansofBoston.IntheSouthwest,youwillfindmanyMexicanfoods.Buttherearenationalfoods,too.Forexample,therearetwodessertsyouwouldprobablyfindanywhereintheUnitedStates.Oneisicecream,andtheotherisapplepie.AndallAmericanchildrenlikehotdogsandhamburgers.ThehamburgeristhefavoritequicklunchformostAmericans.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish高職公共英語教程HOMEchinesepreviewnextback4．Onholidaysmostofuseatspecialfoods.Yearafteryear,evenifmanyotherthingschange,thefoodisalwaysthesame.OneimportantholidayintheUnitedSatesisThanksgiving.PeopleintheUnitedStatesusuallysitdowntoaThanksgivingdinnerwithturkeyandpumpkinpie.ForAllSaintsDayonNovember1,mothersinGuatemalamakeaspecialsaladofmeatsandvegetables.IntheNetherlands,mothersmadespiced

cookiesforSt.Nicolas’EveearlyinDecember.OneofthefavoriteChristmasfoodsinNorwayismadewithfriedfish.Sometimeshousewivesbeginweeksinadvancetopreparethespecialfoodsthataretraditionallyservedoncertainholidays.Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish高職公共英語教程HOMEchinesepreviewnextback1.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhave……aboutwhatisgoodtoeat.indifferentpartsoftheworld做people的定語，whatisgoodtoeat做about的賓語。2.IfyouwereanEskimoneartheNorthPole,youwould…fromseals.Ifyouwereanomadbroughtupinthedesert,youwouldprefer…goats.1〕Ifyouwere……youwoulddo...是典型的if虛擬語氣句。根據(jù)主從句的謂語形式，可知本句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.Ifyouhadfollowedtheiradvice,youwouldn’thavebeenintrouble.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.2〕句中broughtupinthedesert是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾anomadHOME〔與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符〕〔與過去事實(shí)不符〕〔與將來事實(shí)不符〕3〕prefer的用法，見下頁prefer的用法:prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.喜歡…而不喜歡…;喜歡…勝過…HepreferredtostayhomewatchingTVratherthangoouttoplay.Heprefersfishtomeat.HOME他寧愿呆在家里看電視也不愿出去玩。他喜歡吃魚而不喜歡吃肉。3.Not…atall根本不；一點(diǎn)也不Hedidn’tknowaboutthenewsatall.Notatall在口語中，還可以用來答復(fù)Thankyou.—Thankyouforyourkindhelp.—Notatall.(That’salright)HOME4.avarietyof…=varietiesof…Hehasavarietyofpensinhispencilbox.5.whereasconj.而=whileHelikesfish,whereashissisterprefersmeat.6.consider的用法1〕認(rèn)為consider…(tobe/as…)Weallconsiderhimagreathero.2)考慮Haveyoueverconsideredstudyingabroad?HOME7.

TheIrishlikeplainboiledpotatoes,whereasmostAmericansprefertheirpotatoespreparedinotherways–fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy.Plain：notdecorated;simpleorordinaryincharacter

無裝飾的；簡易的；清淡的Helikesplainfoods.Theyarediningataplainwoodentable.2)Preparedinotherways是過去分詞短語做賓補(bǔ)，飾potatoes。

prepare:cookEg.Motherispreparingdinnerinthekitchen.3)fried,baked,orboiledandthenmashedandservedwithgravy是preparedinotherways

的同位語。幾個并列的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。HOME8.…therearetwodessertsyouwouldprobablyfindanywhereintheUnitedStates.desserts:anysweetdish,eatenattheendofameal甜食e.g.chocolatecake,applepie,icecream,jelly(果凍),pudding〔布丁〕,icecreamsundae〔冰激凌圣代〕HOME9.ThehamburgeristhefavouritequicklunchformostAmericans.美國人對中午這頓飯一點(diǎn)也不看重，很多人吃一個三明治就對付了，用餐也只是一道菜的簡易快餐。幾乎人人都在中午一點(diǎn)左右用餐。HOME10.Yearafteryear,evenif…,thefoodisalwaysthesame.yearafteryear:everyyearformanyyears一年年〔強(qiáng)調(diào)變化〕yearbyyear:astheyearpass;eachyear年復(fù)一年〔強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)〕Theyoungtreesgrowhigher_______________.Theywenttoseetheiroldteacher____________.HOMEyearbyyearyearafteryear11.IntheNetherlands,mothersmadespicedcookiesforSt.Nicolas’EveearlyinDecember.spicedadj.containingspice含香料的：e.g.heavilyspicedcurries

味道濃的咖喱食品

spicedbiscuits

香味餅干HOME12.

Sometimeshousewivesbeginweeksinadvanceto…servedoncertainholidays.inadvance:beforesthhappens提前，預(yù)先,事先aheadoftime：earlierthanexpected提前e.g.It’scheaperifyoubookthetickets_________.Theyfinishedthetask___________.HOMEinadvanceaheadoftimeReadingComprehensionI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AnEskimoenjoysthemeatfromseals.B.Anomadpreferstherawmeatofsheepandgoats.C.AnAmerican’sfavoritemeatissteak.D.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatatall.HOME2.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?Germanspreferthethickandheavysoup.SomeIndianslikethemeltedbutter.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldoftenpreparethesamefoodverydifferently.MostAmericansprefertheirpotatoesfried,bakeorboiled.HOME3.HowdoAmericansliketheirsteakcooked?rareB.mediumC.well-doneD.alloftheabove4.Specialfoodsreferto___________.A.foodstraditionallyservedoncertainholidaysB.foodsthatchangeeveryyearonholidaysC.foodsspeciallypreparedforchildren’sholidaysD.specialkindsofmeatsandvegetablesHOME5.Spicedcookiesisservedon_________.ThanksgivingB.AllSaintsDayC.St.Nicolas’EveD.Christmas6.________areregionalspecialtiesintheUnitedStates.HotdogsandhamburgersB.IcecreamandapplepieC.MexicanfoodsD.“Southernfried”chickenandthebakedbeansHOME1.raw a.adry,oftensandyregionoflittlerainfall2.preferb.likesomethingbetter3.favoritec.personwhoeatsnomeat4.vegetariand.somethingnice(pleasing)toeat5.melte.asmall,usuallyflat,crispandsweetcake6.raref.uncooked7.delicacyg.lightlycooked8.desserth.becomeliquidthroughheating9.deserti.sweetfoodservedattheendofameal10.cookiej.likedorpreferredaboveallothersII.FindthedefinitioninColumnBwhichmatchesthewordinColumnA.ABHOMEfjchgdaiebIII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.Pleaseaddmore______tothecake.Hisfavoritedishis______duck.There’snoreasonwhyyoushouldn’ttellthem__________thatyouaregoing.Wecannotexpecthertodotheexperiment_______lookafterthechildren.InAmericawecall________,cake,puddings,andice-creamdessert.Manyarrivedlateatthepartyfor_________reasons.Doyouwishyoureggscookedhard,softor________.Somepeoplelikefatmeat,___________othershateit.ShallI_______thefishfordinner?Onholidaysmanypeopleeat______foods,thatis,theyeatfoodsthatarenotcommonlyeatenatothertimes.spiceroastedinadvanceaswellaspieavarietyofwhereasfryHOMEpiefryroastmediumwhereasspecialspiceavarietyofaswellasinadvancespecialmediumHOMEStructureI.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothemodel.Model:Ifyouwereanomadinthedesert,youwouldprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoats.Youwon’tprefertheroastedmeatofsheepandgoatsifyouarenotanomadinthedesert.1.Ifyouranasfastasyoucould,youwouldcomefirstinthe100-meterdash.___________________________________________2.Ifshehadworkedashardasshecould,shewouldhavecaughtupwithherclassmates.___________________________________________3.Ifyoutriedashardasyoucould,youwouldovercomethedifficulties.___________________________________________4.Butforhishelp,wecouldn’thaveachievedourgoals.___________________________________________5.Hecamelate,otherwise,hewouldhavecaughtthetrain.___________________________________________Youwon’tcomefirstinthe100-meterdashifyoudon’trun…Hewouldn'tcatchupwithherclassmatesifshedidn’tworkhard…Youwon’tovercomethedifficultiesifyoudon’ttryashard…Wecouldn’tachievedourgoalsbutforhishelp.Hewouldcaughtthetrainifhedidn’tcomelate.1.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldhaveverydifferentideasaboutwhatisgoodtoeat.2.Americansalsoeatalotofchicken,aswellasfishandotherfoodsfromthesea.3.Someliketheirsteakwell-done,whereasotherslikeitrare.II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.關(guān)于什么好吃這個問題，世界各地的人持不同看法美國人也吃大量的雞肉，還有魚和其他海鮮有些人喜歡把牛排熟透，而另一些人喜歡半熟的。4.Studentsshouldmakegooduseoftheirtimeatcollegetostudyhard.5.Badadswillhaveharmfuleffectsonchildren.Therefore,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbythegovernmenttostopthem.不良廣告對孩子有害。因此，政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施禁止這樣的廣告。學(xué)生們應(yīng)該好好利用大學(xué)的時(shí)光，努力學(xué)習(xí)。1.夏天許多人喜歡開著窗睡覺。2.商店里展出了各種各樣的電視機(jī)。3.年復(fù)一年，即使其它東西變了，食物總不會變。4.我們剛一出發(fā)，天就開始下雨了。5.孩子們熱切地盼望著兒童節(jié)的到來。II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Manypeopleprefertosleepwiththewindowopeninsummer.AvarietyofTVsetsareondisplayintheshop.Yearafteryear,evenifmanyotherthingschange,thefoodisalwaysthesame.Hardlyhadwestartedwhenitbegantorain.ThechildrenareeagerlylookingforwardtothecomingoftheChildren’sDay.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothefastreading.1.Americansusuallyhave_______forsupper.hamorbaconwitheggs B.toastorrollsC.coldmeatwithboiledorfriedpotatoes D.salad,dessertandcoffeeHOMEFastReading2.WhichstatementisTrueinAmericaaccordingtothepassage?A.Familybreakfastisgenerallybetween7:30and8:00.B.Lunchisusuallyservedbetween12and1:30.C.Americansliketohaveteaservedbetweenfourandfive.D.Lunchisthemostimportantmealoftheday.HOME3.Whenmenandwomaneattogether,_________.A.thementaketheirplacesfirstandthenthewomenB.themenshouldpulloutthechairsforthewomenC.givingprayersissomethingmustbedonebeforemealsbeginD.guestsmaynotfollowthehostorhostess4.Whatdoestheword“cutlery”probablymeaninthesixparagraph?A.knivesB.forksC.spoonsD.alltheabove5.Whenyouusethecutlery,youmay___________.beginfromthepiecesclosesttotheplateB.beginfromtheoutsidepiecesC.cutlargepiecesoffoodintosmallpiecesD.neverplacetheknifewiththesharpedgeinHOME6.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.WeEattoLive,ButNotLivetoEat B.HowtoUseForksC.EatingOutside D.MealsAndTableMannersGrammar動詞的將來時(shí)態(tài)和過去將來時(shí)態(tài)FutureandPastFutureTenses動詞的將來時(shí)態(tài)包括：一般將來時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、一般將來時(shí)常見的將來時(shí)間表達(dá)法有以下幾種：1.will／shall+動詞原形。表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow，nextweek，inthefuture等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。will用于各種人稱，第一人稱也可用shall。如：Iwill／shallreturnyouthebooktomorrow．2.begoingto+不定式，表示將來。1〕主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?2〕方案，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。3〕有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3.beaboutto+不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般不與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用。Autumnharvestisabouttostart．4.beto+不定式表示約定的、方案中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要做的事。You’retodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV．You’renottotellhimanythingaboutourplans．5.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示有些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞。如come,go，leave,start,arrive，fly等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示按方案或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust．HeisflyingtoBeijingearlytomorrowmorning．6.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示見一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法5〕、6〕。二、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

由動詞be的一般將來時(shí)加動詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成。用法如下：

1.表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。

ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoSpain.

2.表示已經(jīng)決定了的一種將來的方案或勢必要發(fā)生的動作。

TheRobinsonswillbestayingwithusagainthisyear.四、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

由“will/shallhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示某一動作一直持續(xù)到將來的某一時(shí)刻。

Bynextsummershewillhavebeenworkinginthelaboratoryforthreeyears.三、將來完成時(shí)由“shall/willhave+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，用法如下：表示持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)這個動作或狀態(tài)也可能將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.2.表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這時(shí)常和by短語、bythetime(that)結(jié)構(gòu)或由when或before等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語分句連用。YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.動詞的過去將來時(shí)態(tài)包括:過去將來時(shí)，過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、過去將來時(shí)由“would/should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。像一般將來時(shí)一樣，也可以用多種手段來表達(dá)。1)should／would+動詞原形，表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。Theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory.2)was／weregoingto+動詞原形,可以表示過去的預(yù)見和意圖。Hewasgoingtostart

theworkthefollowingweek．3)was／wereto+動詞原形,通常指過去的方案安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。Thisexperiencewastochangehislife．4)was／wereaboutto+動詞原形,表示過去即將發(fā)生的事。Hesaidthathewasjustabouttophoneus．5)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示Hetoldmehewasleavinginanhour．Iaskedherwhethershewascomingtotheparty．二、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)由“would/shouldbe+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。表示從過去某時(shí)看將來要發(fā)生的動作，

HeaskedmewhatIwouldbedoingthenextmorning.三、過去將來完成時(shí)由“would/shouldhave+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。它表示從過去某時(shí)看將來某個時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。

Shehopedthatwewouldhavegottheplanreadybeforeshecameback.四、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“would/shouldhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示從過去某時(shí)看將來某時(shí)以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作，如：IfoundthatnextJuneIshouldhavebeengoingtothisschoolfortwoyears.Exercises:Choosethebestanswer1.IneverdreamedI______herediscussingstateaffairswiththeotherdeputies.A.willbesittingB.wouldbesittingC.willhavebeensittingD.wouldhavebeensitting2.Johntoldusthatthey______togetherforthirtyyearsbytheendoftheyear.A.wouldhavebeenlivingB.wouldhavelivedC.wouldhavebeenlivedD.willhavebeenliving3.When______togiveusananswer?A.willyoubeableB.willyouhavebeenableC.willyouableD.willyouhaveabled4.DidMarytellyouwhat________ifshehadachance?A.wasshegoingtodoB.shewoulddoC.shehaddoneD.shehaddo5.AfriendofyoursfromAmerica_______thisafternoon.A.iscomingtoseeyouB.willbecomingC.wouldcometoseeyouD.wouldbecomingtoseeyou6.IpromiseyouthatI______youapresentnextweek.A.willgiveB.willhavegivenC.shallbegivenD.shallhavegiven7.Ihopethatshe______tothedemandsofthenaughtyboys.A.willnothaveagreedB.willnotbeagreedC.willnotagreeD.willnothavebeenagreed8.Allthemachines______bytheendofthefollowingweek.A.wererepairedB.wouldberepairedC.willhavebeenrepairedD.werebeingrepair9.Thetrain______ateighttonight.A.willbestarted B.willhavestarted C.shallbestarted D.starts10.—Iwishthatyoursisterwouldcometovisitme.—Well,I’lltellherwhenI_____her.A.see B.saw C.wellsee D.wouldsee11._____meoraren’tyou?A.WillyouhelpB.ShallyouhelpC.AreyougoingtohelpD.Willyouhavehelped12.Anewpowerstation_____there.Ａ.willbegoingtobuildB.isgoingtobebuiltC.willbegonetobuildD.isgonetobebuilt13._____ameetingthisafternoon.A.TheregoingtobeB.TherewillbegoingtobeC.ThereisgoingtobeD.Therewillgoingtobe14.We______anewexperimentthisafternoon.A.shallbetoperformB.willbe