VisceralNervousSystem內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

VisceralNervousSystem

內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)★Composition

內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)Visceralmotornerves(autonomicnerve)交感部Sympatheticnerve副交感部Parasympatheticnerve內(nèi)臟感覺神經(jīng)Visceralsensorynervesdistribution

viscera,cardiovascularsystem,smoothmuscleandsecretorygland.

內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)又稱自主神經(jīng)或植物神經(jīng)autonomicnerveVisceralNervousSystem

內(nèi)臟感覺中繼核（孤束核）一般內(nèi)臟運動核（副交感低級中樞：動眼神經(jīng)副核，上、下泌涎核，迷走神經(jīng)背核）心血管運動調(diào)節(jié)中樞（延髓）呼吸運動調(diào)節(jié)中樞（延髓、腦橋）交感低級中樞（T1-L2或L3中間帶外側(cè)核）副交感低級中樞（S2-S4骶副交感核）脊髓內(nèi)臟感覺神經(jīng)副交感神經(jīng)內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)組成概括如下：交感神經(jīng)（頸、胸、腰、盆部）顱部：行于動眼、面神經(jīng)、舌咽、迷走神經(jīng)內(nèi)骶部：盆內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)周圍部內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中樞部內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)脊神經(jīng)節(jié)腦神經(jīng)節(jié)膝神經(jīng)節(jié)、舌咽神經(jīng)下節(jié)、迷走神經(jīng)下節(jié)腦干間腦---情緒行為、體溫攝食、水平衡、心血管、內(nèi)分泌生物節(jié)律調(diào)節(jié)中樞大腦---邊緣葉、新皮質(zhì)內(nèi)臟功能調(diào)節(jié)中樞SomaticandVisceralMotorNervousSystemMainDifferencesBetweenSomaticMotor

andVisceralMotorn.

SomaticVisceralEffectorsSkeletalmusclesSmoothandcardiacmuscleandglandsMovement

ConsciousUnconsciousregulationFromlowercentertoeffectSingleneuronOnesynapseTwoneurons:preganglionicneuronandpostganglionicneuronTwosynapsesKindoffibersOneTwo:sympathetic¶sympatheticFibersThickmyelinatedPreganglionic:thinmyelinatedpostganglionic:unmyelinatedDistributiveformNervetrunkNerveplexuses內(nèi)臟軀體意志差，器官成分各不同，節(jié)前節(jié)后多一個，有髓無髓干叢分。SympatheticPart

交感部LowercenterLocatedinintermediolateralnucleus(lateralgrayhorn)ofspinalcordsegmentsT1~L3PeripheralpartSympathetictrunk交感干Sympatheticganglion交感神經(jīng)節(jié)Paravertebralganglia

椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)Prevertebralganglia

椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)ParavertebralGanglia椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)ArrangedoneithersideofvertebralcolumnConsistof19－24ofoval-shapedganglia

3－4cervicalganglia10－12thoracicganglia4lumbarganglia2－3sacralgangliaCoccygealganglion（Ganglionimpar）奇神經(jīng)節(jié):unpairedontheanteriorfaceofcoccyx

SympatheticTrunk交感干FormedbyparavertebralgangliaandinterganglionicbranchesLieoneithersideofvertebralcolumnfrombaseofskulltococcyxThetrunksoftwosideuniteinfrontofthecoccyxatasmallswelling,theganglionimparPrevertebralGanglia椎前節(jié)LieanteriortovertebralcolumnandnearthearteriesforwhichtheyarenamedMaingangliaCeliacganglion

腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)Aorticorenalganglion

主動脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)Superiormesentericganglion

腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)Inferiormesentericganglion

腸系膜下神經(jīng)節(jié)SympatheticPathwaystoPeripheryPreganglionicfiberswhitecommunicatingbranchesSympathetictrunk

15pairs(onlyspinallevelsT1~L3havewhitecommunicatingbranch)

ThreewaysofPreganglionicFibers1.Relayincorrespondingganglion2.Toascendordescendinsympathetictrunkwithrelayinhigherorlowerganglia3.Totraversethegangliaintact

andrelayinprevertebralganglia

ThreewaysofPostganglionicFibers1.Backtoaspinalnervealonggraycommunicatingbranches灰交通支(31pairs)

toterminateinbloodvessels,arrectormuscles豎毛肌andsweatglandsofhead,neck,trunkandlimbs2.Thefibersformtheirnetworksaroundbloodvesselspassingtovisceralendorgans3.TerminatedirectlyincertainorgansDistributionofSympatheticNerveParavertebralGangliainneckSuperiorcervicalganglion

頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)LargestsituatedinfrontoftransverseprocessesofC1~C3vertebraMiddlecervicalganglion頸中神經(jīng)節(jié)SmallestAtleveloftransverseprocessesofC6vertebraInferiorcervicalganglion頸下神經(jīng)節(jié)SituatedatlevelofC7vertebraMaybefusedwithfirstthoracicgangliontoformcervicothoracicganglion

頸胸神經(jīng)節(jié)椎動脈神經(jīng)節(jié)頸上心神經(jīng)頸中心神經(jīng)頸下心神經(jīng)DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofcervicalsympathatictrunkBacktocervicalnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchestoterminateinbloodvessels,arrectorpilimusclesandsweatglandsofhead,neckandupperlimbsToformsinternalandexternalcarotidplexuses,subclavianplexusandvertebralplexus→e.g.dilatorpupillaeGivesraisepharyngealbranchesGivesraisesuperior,middleandinferiorcervicalcardiacnervesDistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofthoracicsympathatictrunkBacktothoracicnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchestoterminateinbloodvessels,arrectormusclesandsweatglandsofthoracicandabdominalwallsPostganglionicfibers

ofT1－T5toformsthoracicaortic,esophageal,pulmonaryandcardiacplexusesDistributionofSympatheticNervePreganglionicFibersGreatersplanchnicnerve

內(nèi)臟大神經(jīng)

FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromT5~T9gangliaRelayinceliacganglionLessersplanchnicnerve

內(nèi)臟小神經(jīng)

FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromT10~T12gangliaRelayinaorticorenalganglion

Thepostganglionicfiberssupplytheliver,spleen,kidneyandalimentarytractasfarastheleftcolicflexure.DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersoflumbarsympathatictrunkBacktolumbarnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchesPreganglionicfibersoflumbarsympathatictrunkLumbarsplanchnicnerve

腰內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)FormedbypreganglionicfibersfromL1~L4gangliaRelayinprevertebralgangliaThepostganglionicfiberssupplydescendingandsigmoidcolon,rectum,pelvicvisceraandlowerlimbs.DistributionofSympatheticNervePostganglionicfibersofsacralsympathatictrunkBacktosacralandcoccygealnervesalonggraycommunicatingbranchesSmallbranches→pelvicplexus腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)腸

左曲以下的消化管

盆腔臟器

下肢血管、汗腺、豎毛肌脊髓胸1～5節(jié)

段中間外側(cè)核頭、頸、

胸腔臟器、

上肢血管、汗腺、豎毛肌脊髓胸5～12節(jié)

段中間外側(cè)核肝、脾、腎、

腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)腸

左曲以上的消化管脊髓上腰段

中間外側(cè)核DistributionofSympatheticNervePreganglionicfibersPostganglionicfibersT1~T5Head,neck,upperlimbandthoracicorgansT5~T12Abdominalviscera(theliver,spleen,kidneyandalimentarytractasfarastheleftcolicflexure.)L1~L3descendingandsigmoidcolon,rectum,PelvicvisceraandlowerlimbParasympatheticPart副交感部Lowercenter

Generalvisceralmotornuclei(fourpairs)inbrainstemSacralparasympatheticnucleusofspinalcordsegmentsS2~S4PeripheralpartParasympatheticganglionNearorwithinthewallofavisceralorganParasympatheticganglionPara-organganglia

器官旁節(jié)Ciliaryganglion

睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)Pterygopalatineganglion

翼腭神經(jīng)節(jié)Oticganglion

耳神經(jīng)節(jié)Submandibularganglion

下頜下神經(jīng)節(jié)

Intra-organganglia

器官內(nèi)節(jié)

CranialoutflowofParasympatheticNerve副交感神經(jīng)顱部ⅢciliaryganglionsphincterpupillaeandciliarymusclespterygopalatineganglionⅦlacrimalglandsubmandibularganglionsublingualglandsubmandibularglandⅨoticganglionparotidglandⅩterminalganglia終神經(jīng)節(jié)heart,lungs,liver,spleenkidneys,alimentarytractas

faras

leftcolicflexureCranialoutflowofParasympatheticNerve

Ⅲaccessoryoculomotornucleus〈○sphincterpupillaeandciliarymuscles

ciliaryganglion

pterygopalatineganglion

Ⅶ〈○lacrimalglandsuperiorsalivatorynucleus〈○

sublingualgland

submandibularganglionsubmandibulargland

Ⅸinferiorsalivatornucleus〈○parotidgland

oticganglion

Ⅹheart,lungs,liver,spleen,dorsalnucleusofvagusn.〈○kidneys,alimentarytractterminalgangliaas

faras

leftcolicflexure

SacraloutflowofParasympatheticNerve副交感神經(jīng)骶部PreganglionicfibersfromsacralparasympatheticnucleusleavespinalcordwithanteriorrootsofthespinalnervesS2~S4Leavesacralnervesandformpelvicsplanchnicnerve

盆內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)andtravelbywayofpelvicplexustoterminalgangliainpelviccavityPostganglionicfibersterminateindescendingandsigmoidcolon,rectumandpelvicvisceraMainDifferencesBetween

SympatheticandParasympathetic

SympatheticParasympatheticLowercenterIntermediolateralnucleus(lateralgrayhorn)ofspinalcordsegmentsT1~L3Fourpairsgeneralvisceralmotornuclei

andsacralparasympatheticnucleusGangliaParavertebral,prevertebralPara-organandintra-organgangliaPreganglionicf.ShorterLongerPostganglionicf.LongerShorterPre:Postganglionic1:manymore1:afewDistributionsThroughoutthebodyLimitedprimarilytoheadandvisceraofthorax,abdomen,andpelvisDifferentaction“fight,flight,orfright”Activatedduringexercise,excitement,andemergenciesConcernedwithconservingenergyMainDifferencesBetween

SympatheticandParasympatheticSympatheticParasympatheticDifferentactionPreparesforemergencysituation(fightorflight)Conserveandrestorebodyenergy(restandrelaxation)PupilDilatesConstrictsHeartIncreasesforceofcontractionDecreasesforceofcontractionRhythmoftheheartTobecomemorerapidTomakeslowBloodpressureHeightenDepressBronchiDilatesbronchiConstrictsbronchi腰1腰3是交感，腦干骶髓副交感，前短后長是交感，前長后短副交感，分布廣泛是交感，局限分布副交感，危機時刻靠交感，休息儲能副交感。

VisceralPlexusesCardiacplexuses心叢

Superficial,belowaorticarchDeep,anteriortobifurcationoftracheaPulmonaryplexus

肺叢

VisceralPlexusesCeliacplexus腹腔叢

Abdominalaorticplexus腹主動脈叢Hypogastricplexus腹下叢SuperiorhypogastricplexusInferiorhypogastricplexus(p