九年級前十單元語法知識總結(jié)

九年級第一單元到第十單元語法知識歸納感嘆句感嘆句是表達喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚奇、驚訝等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由what或how引導。"what"和"how"與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。

一、由"what"引導的感嘆句："what"意為"多么"用作定語，修飾名詞（被強調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語.

如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聰明的姑娘呀！

②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！

③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他們是多么好的孩子呀！

④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！

⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！

⑥Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！

二、由"how"引導的感嘆句："how"意為"多么"，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語.

如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！

②Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的圖畫呀！

③Howhappytheylook!他們顯得多么高興呀！

④Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！

⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他們干得多么起勁呀！三、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時，口語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。

如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！

②Whatanhonestboy!多么誠實的孩子呀！

③Whatredapples!多么紅的蘋果呀！

④Howcool!好涼快呀！

⑤Howwonderful!精彩極了！一、由what引導的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為以下三種：1.可用句型：“What+a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Whatanicepresentitis!它是一件多么好的禮物??！Whataninterestingbookitis!它是一本多么有趣的書啊！2.可用句型：“What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他們是多么好的孩子??！3.可用句型：“What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Whatfineweatheritistoday!今天天氣多好??！Whatimportantnewsitis!多重要的新聞啊！二、由how引導的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)也分為三種：1.可用句型：“How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Howcarefulsheis!她多么細心??！Howfastheruns!他跑得多快?。?.可用句型：“How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是個多么漂亮的姑娘??！3.可用句型：“How＋主語＋謂語！”。如：Howtimeflies!光陰似箭！由what引導的感嘆句與由how引導的感嘆句有時可以轉(zhuǎn)換，但句中部分單詞的順序要有所變化。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!＝Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whatdeliciouscakestheseare!＝Howdeliciousthesecakesare!三、有時感嘆句也可以由一個單詞、詞組、祈使句、陳述句等構(gòu)成。如：Goodidea!（好主意?。﹚onderful!（太精彩了?。㏕hankgoodness!（謝天謝地！）感嘆句巧解：感嘆句要看后面，即看形容詞后的東東，1)若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就用whata/an；是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，只用what。2）若形容詞后后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等亂七八糟的東西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：例句1：Whatagoodboyheis!他是個多么好的男孩?。?\形容詞單數(shù)名詞例句2：Whatgoodboystheyare!他們是多么好的男孩?。?\形容詞復數(shù)名詞例句3：Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天氣??！/\形容詞不可數(shù)名詞例句4：Howgoodtheboyis!這男孩多好?。?\形容詞亂糟糟★★★若沒有形容詞，而出現(xiàn)副詞或是句子，直接用how.例：Howwellheplaystheguitar!他吉他彈得多好啊！/副詞（what不可以修飾副詞，看到副詞直接用how）Howtimeflies!

HowfastLiuXiangruns打油詩一首:感嘆句往后看形容詞后是名單就用whata或whatan形后若是不可數(shù)或名復數(shù)只用what就可以形容詞后亂糟糟只寫how就OK了專項練習一、填入適當?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!

2).________cutedogitis!3).________interestingthestoryis!4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).________honestboyTomis

！6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8).________excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9).________coolyournewcaris!10).________scarythesetigersare!二、選擇填空。1._______fasttheboyran!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,how

B.What,whatC.How,what

D.What,how3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan5._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan9._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan賓語從句考點、熱點回顧賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。

1.由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe？

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis？

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

（二）賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo？

Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.

（三）賓語從句的時態(tài)

1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。

如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation？

2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

Hesaidthathewouldgobacktothe.soon.

3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.典型例題【中考鏈接】1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________A.whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtit D.wheredidyoubuyit2--Maybe900yuan.I’mnotquitesure.howmuchshepaidfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor3.Iwanttoknow________.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat4.--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________--At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave5.—Couldyoutellme________--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathy C.whenIcanmeetCathy6.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfine B.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefine D.goes;willbefine7.Thenew-designedcarisonshownow.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchitcost B.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcosts D.howmuchdoesitcost8.-Whendoyouthink_________-Abouthalfpastfive.Iwillpickhimupattheairport.A.hewillcome B.willhecome C.didhecome D.hecame9.Ourteachertoldusthesun________intheeast.A.rise B.rose C.rising D.rises10.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina-Sorry.Idon’tknow________.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad

used

to

的用法如下：

構(gòu)成usedto+動詞原形Heusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.他過去常常放學后打籃球用法表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，暗含現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或不存在。其to為不定式符號，后接動詞原形Heusedtobeaverypoorman.他以前是一個很窮的人。句型變化否定句didn’t

use

to或usedn’ttodoWhen

I

was

a

child,

I

didn’t

use

to

like

apples.一般疑問句Didsb.useto…\usedsb.to…Didyouusetoplaythepiano\Usedyoutoplaythepiano你過去常常彈鋼琴嗎反意疑問句附加疑問部分可用didn’t或usedn’tHeusedtodrink,didn’the\usedn’the相似短語beusedtodoingsth.習慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事Heisusedtogoingforawalkafterdinner.他習慣于飯后去散步。Thewoodisusedtomakepaper.木頭被用來造紙。練習題：1.She_______tohavelongcurlyhairayearago.A.use B.uses C.used D.isused2.Sheusedto________icecreamwhenshewasachild.A.liked B.liking C.likes D.like3.Mario,youusedtobeshort,_______youaren’t B.weren’t C.don’t D.didn’tusedto_______inthesun,butnowheisusedto_______atnight.A.read;read B.reading;reading C.read;reading D.reading;reading

被動語態(tài)（一）語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語：speak的動作是由主語manypeople來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。（二）被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋spoken一般過去時：was／were＋spoken一般將來時：will／shallbe＋spoken現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／arebeing＋spoken過去進行時：was/werebeing＋spoken現(xiàn)在完成時：have／hasbeen＋spoken過去完成時：hadbeen+spoken（三）被動語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道是誰偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。（四）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式）。（3）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.Ⅱ.選擇填空:

readingroom________yesterdayafternoon.

A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned

workersweremade________tenhoursaday.

A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked

________inacoolplaceinsummer.

A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept

father________toworkinHongKong3yearsago.

A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent

pen________well.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing

changes________inthetownsince1988.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace

C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

compositionsmust________nextMonday.

A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin

childwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.

A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending

hiswork________yet？

A.have…beenfinishedB.has…beenfinished

C.has…finishedD.have…finished

classroom________now

A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning

C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned

情態(tài)動詞表推測：語氣+時態(tài)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種語氣在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也許，或許）。Hemust/may/mightknowtheanswertothisquestion他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。2.否定句中用can’t/couldn’t(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。Itcan’t/couldn’tbetheheadmaster.HehasgonetoAmerica.這不可能是校長，他去美國了。3.疑問句中用can/could(能……)。Couldhehavefinishedthetask他可能把任務完成了嗎（注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might,could并非may,can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。（二）情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1.對將來情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+be”，“情態(tài)動詞+bedoing”或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”（1）Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.（2）Hecan’t(couldn’t)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.（3）Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan(could)hebelatefortheopeningceremony布什先生一向準時，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢3.對過去情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞”。（1）Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.（2）Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook難道他找到書了嗎總結(jié)：對某一次的推測句型有兩部分：語氣和時態(tài)語氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強至弱）肯定句：must、may、might（=could）否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t疑問句：can、could（語氣更加委婉不確定）時態(tài)部分：be表示對現(xiàn)在的推測havedone表示對過去的推測bedoing表示對正在進行的推測語氣部分寫在前時態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測Therebe句型表推測There+情態(tài)動詞＋be/dosthThere+情態(tài)動詞＋bedoingsthThere+情態(tài)動詞＋havedonesth練習題：1、—Whereareyougoingthismonth—We______gotoXiamen,butwe'renotsure.A.needn’t B.must C.might D.mustn't2、—Excuseme,whosebookisthis—It________beJohn’s.Ithashisnameonit.A.must B.need C.can’t3、Theman______bemyEnglishteacher.HehasgonetoCanada.A.might B.must C.can’t4、—Areyouinahurry—NO,I’vegotplentyoftimeI______wait.A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t5、—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation—Notyet.We_______gotoQingdao.It'sagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.need C.must6、Youmustn’tgooffonyourown,becauseyou_______getlostinthemountains.A.should B.must C.need D.might7、----Oh,it'sraininghard.----Becareful!Theroad_______bewet. A.could B.must C.might8、—WhoseT-shirtisthis—It________beJohn’s.It’s________smallforhim. A.can’t;muchtooB.can’t;toomuchC.mustn’t;toomuch9、—Who’sthemanoverthereIsitMr.Black—It______behim.He’smuchtaller. A.maynot B.can’t C.willnot D.mustn’t10、ThewomanwhoistalkingwithMr.Brown______beMissLi.ShehasgonetoEngland.A.can’t B.must C.may D.mustn’t11、—Lookattheboyplayingbasketballontheground.IsitGeorge—It______behim.Hetoldmehewouldplaybasketballafterclass,buthe’snotsure. A.mustn’tB.mustC.can’tD.may12、—Difficultiesalwaysgowithme!—Cheerup!IfGodclosesadoorinfrontofyou,there______beawindowopenedforyou. A.wouldB.mustD.couldD.can13、—Lookattheyoungladyinred.IsitMrs.King—No.It_____beher.Sheiswearingawhitedresstoday. A.canB.mayC.mustD.can’t14、—TwohundredyearsforsuchaT-shirt!You_____________bejoking!—I’mnotjoking.It’smadeofsilk. A.can’tB.canC.needD.must15、—Whosebookisthis—It______ourgeographyteacher’s.Yousee,hisnameisonit.A.can’tbeB.canbeC.mustn’tbeD.mustbe

中考定語從句講解定語從句請看下面的句子：Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定語修飾boy（一）概念:定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句的分類Ⅰ、限定性定語從句：從句不可少，沒有它，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整。與先行詞之間不用逗號。:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwant.Ⅱ、非限定性定語從句：是對先行詞的補充說明，沒有它不會影響先行詞或主句意思的完整性。從句一般用逗號同主句分開。:Mr.Green，whoiswatchingTV，ismyuncle.（三）(限定性)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why（四）定語從句的實質(zhì)：二句合一（合并條件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Maryisagirl.合并為一個句子Shehaslonghair.思路：留（保留先行詞）-----舍（舍去與先行詞互指的詞）----替（用關(guān)系詞代替舍去部分）Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.請把下列句子二句合一1.Isawtheclosedthedoorgirlishappy.Shewontheracemancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.（五）定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定:a.先行詞的分類b.先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞?.先行詞做主語人：who/that物：which/that2.先行詞做賓語人：who/whom/that物：which/that3.先行詞做定語人：whose物：whose/ofwhich4.先行詞做狀語：when,where,whywho,whom,whose,that用法區(qū)別.who/that作定語從句的主語或賓語.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.做題思路：先分解——分析——再合并分解Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.作主語Whom/that作定語從句的賓語Thewoman（whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.作賓語注意:關(guān)系代詞作動詞賓語時可省略.whose作定語從句的定語.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語小結(jié)：關(guān)系詞判斷步驟首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞主語賓語定語人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich鞏固練習：用適當代關(guān)系詞填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情況：(1)先行詞為all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代詞時；(2)先行詞被形容詞最高級所修飾或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修飾時：(3)先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞（含last)修飾時。（4）先行詞是并列詞組既有人又有物時。(5)在以who,which開頭的句子中為了避免重復?？谠E：不定代詞這一伙，全用that準沒錯先行詞前有修飾，千萬不能用which.請在以下例句中體會以上規(guī)則：1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.haven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.3.IsittheonethatyouwantisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.isthebikethatyoulostisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting（七）只能使用which的情況1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時；2.先行詞本身是that時；3.非限定定語從句口訣:要有which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。:istheclassroominwhichwestudiedfortwoyear.hastwodolls，whicharefromherparents單項選擇：1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.

A.that

B.whose

C.which

D.