2024年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)教材新增文章

PAGEPAGE22024年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)教材新增文章閱讀理解新增文章〔共4篇〕

目錄：

第三篇(c級(jí))：cookingoilfumescausetumor

第十八篇(b級(jí))：exercisecanreplaceinsulinforelderlydiabetics

第二十四篇(b級(jí))：preventingchlidmaltreatment

第三十四篇(a級(jí))：bealerttoantimicrobialresistance

第三篇

cookingoilfumescausetumor

theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking，saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.

doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.theysaidpatientsareyounger，especiallywomen.

accordingtotheshanghaitumorresearchinstitute，morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.followingbreastcancer，ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.

“anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer，〞saiddrheyuminfromshanghaiminshentraditionalchinesemedicinetumordiagnosisandtreatmentcenter.

hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.amongthem，1,483weremale.

smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke，accordingtothereport.

however，morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm，closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutlirritatedeyesandthroat.

about32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen’sbedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.

however，localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.

“unlessmyfamilyandidon'teatathomeeveryday，imuststayinthekitchentocook，"saidxuli.a45-year-oldlocalwoman."iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin，butitisthefirsttimeiheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.ihavealreadystartedfryingless.’’

doctorssaidwomen’slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition，butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory，unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.

otherexpertsagreedwithhe.3

"smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen，"saiddrtanbinyong,honorarypresidentoftherespiratorydiseaseinstituteatfudanuniversity'smedicalcollege."it'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen.〞

he'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling5friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.

thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime，6expertssaid.

詞匯：

fumen.煙，氣，汽fryv.油炸，油煎

tumor(=tumour)n.腫瘤unventilatedvt.使不通風(fēng)

cancern.癌瘤adjacentadj.臨近的

breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietaryadj飲食的

incidencen.發(fā)生(率)immuneadj免疫的

diagnosisn.診斷honoraryadj.名譽(yù)上的;榮譽(yù)的

inhalev.吸人respiratoryadj.呼吸的

irritatevt.使疼痛，刺激stalln.貨攤

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1.complain原意是“抱怨，訴苦〞，但醫(yī)學(xué)上常用complainabout或complainof表示“主訴"。

2.aajacentto：與……相毗鄰，臨近……(地方)

3.otherexpertsagreedwithhe.其他專(zhuān)家同意何醫(yī)生的意見(jiàn)。agreewithsb：同意某人的意見(jiàn)。agreewithsth：同意什么東西。agreetodosth：同意做什么事情。

4.byfarthebiggestcause：最最大的原因。byfar是用來(lái)做形容詞最高級(jí)thebiggest的狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)形容詞最高級(jí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。本來(lái)形容詞最高級(jí)就已經(jīng)是最高了，可是說(shuō)話(huà)的人還要對(duì)它再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)出來(lái)，所以就相當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)的“最最……"的意思。

5.…warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling…：警告人們不要站在賣(mài)……的貨攤附近。也可以說(shuō)成“...warnedpeopleoffstallsselling.…〞。

6.…ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime...…·如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間接觸這種煙的話(huà)。exposesb.tosth.原意是“使……(人)暴露于……(物)〞，但醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中常常用來(lái)表達(dá)“接觸到……(物)〞的意思。此處if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于“ifoneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime〞。

練習(xí)：

1.whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?

amenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.

bwomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.

cpatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder，especiallymales.

dpatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger，especiallyfemales.

2.whichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinshanghai?

aheartdisease.bbreastcancer.

cinfectiousdiseases.dlungcancer.

3.whatsymptomsmaybecomplmnedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm.close

contactwithcookingoilfumes?

airritatedeyesandthroat.bseverepaininbothlungs.

ccontinuouscoughandheadache.ddifficultyinbreathing.

4.whatwasthelocalwomen’sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?

ahappy.bsurprised.

cangry.dcareless.

5.whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen’slungcancer?

afamilycancerhistory.bunhealthydietaryhabits.

cweakimmunesystems.dpersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.

答案與題解：

1.d文章第二段明確提到，肺癌的新趨勢(shì)就是“病人更年輕，尤其是婦女〞。

2.b文章第三段說(shuō)到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，發(fā)病率第二高〞，可見(jiàn)乳腺癌才是最常見(jiàn)的疾病。

3.a文章第七段說(shuō)到，“60%以上患肺癌的婦女都長(zhǎng)期接觸廚房油煙并主訴眼睛和喉嚨疼痛難受〞。

4.b文章倒數(shù)第七段明確說(shuō)到，“當(dāng)婦女們知道廚房油煙可以致癌時(shí)都很驚訝"。

5.d答復(fù)此題時(shí)，首先要注意倒數(shù)第五段中的兩處文字，即hadfewlinksto…和wascloselyrelatedto…，其中l(wèi)inkto意為connectionwith，而relateto那么意為connectwith，都是“聯(lián)系〞的意思，只是few和closely的差異卻很大。few和little一樣，都是具有否認(rèn)意義的詞，意為“很少，幾乎沒(méi)有"，只是后面的名詞分別為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞而已;它們與afew和alittle不同，afew和alittle具有肯定意義，意為“有幾個(gè)〞和“有一點(diǎn)〞，后面的名詞同樣分別為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如果這一點(diǎn)明白了，也就很容易答復(fù)這道題了

第十八篇

exercisecanreplaceinsulinforelderlydiabetics

mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeⅱdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesiustthreetimesaweek，accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedinthecopenhagennewspaperberlingsketidendeonmonday.

resultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsatthecopenhagencentralhospitalrigshospitalet'scenterformuscleresearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent，thenewspaperreported.

thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday，itsaid.

researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeii，allmorethan60yearsofage，exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2

associateprofessor3dr.hemmingdelaofthemuscleresearchcentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.

“thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes，4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment，〞delawasquotedassaying.6

insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas，controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat，butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareof9theimportanceofexercise，delaadded.

詞匯：

insulinn.胰島素utilise(=utilize)vt.利用，使用

diabeticadj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者medicationn.藥物，藥物治療

subjectn.實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象

diabetesn.糖尿病;多尿癥utilisation(=utilization)n.利用，使用

briskadj.輕快的;活潑的，活潑的

copenhagenn.哥本哈根(丹麥?zhǔn)锥?sayingn.格言

hormonen.激素

musclen.肌肉pancreasn.胰(腺)

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1.beequalto：等于

2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked：作為測(cè)量他們的胰島素工作狀況如何的標(biāo)志。從語(yǔ)法上分析，how引起的從句是for這個(gè)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。

3.associateprofessor：副教授

4.…cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes：不能治好人們的糖尿病。curesb.ofsth.：給某人醫(yī)治某病。例如：thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.這藥準(zhǔn)能治好你的感冒。

5.putoff：推遲，延期

6.delawasquotedassaying：dela的話(huà)像格言一樣被人們所引用。注意謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

7.workup：逐步引起，激起

8.wearoff：逐漸消失

9.(be)unawareofsth.：不知道，沒(méi)覺(jué)察

練習(xí)：

1.howcouldmostelderlytypeiidiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

abytakingmoresalt.thanusual.

bbytakinglesssaltthanusual.

cbydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

dbygoingclimbing，swimmingorboxingeveryday.

2.physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby

a70percent.b30percent.

c60percent.donlyafewpercent.

3.thesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedatthecopenhagencentralhospitalincluded

aelderlynon-diabeticmen.belderlytypeiidiabeticmen.

cbothsexesofallages.dbothaandb.

4.towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?

atothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

btothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.

ctothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.

dtothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

5.accordingtodela，amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseistheimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.

aaspoorlyunderstoodasbaswellunderstoodas

clessunderstoodthandbetterunderstoodthan

答案與題解：

1.c文章一開(kāi)始就有此問(wèn)題的明確答案。至于吃多少鹽或者從事其他劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)文章自始至終都沒(méi)有提到。

2.b文章第二段說(shuō)到，體育鍛煉能將身體利用胰島素的能力提高30%。

3.d此題答案在文章第四段，實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象既有ii型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60歲以上的男人。

4.a文章倒數(shù)第二段說(shuō)到，體育鍛煉只要到達(dá)出汗的程度就能起作用。

5.c最后一段明確說(shuō)到，大多數(shù)糖尿病患者知道必須注意飲食，但卻并不知道體育鍛煉的重要性第二十四篇

preventingchildmaltreatment

childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.dataformanycountries，especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries，arelacking.

childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.nonetheless.internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren，while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.additionally，manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).

everyyear，thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem，asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls，bumsanddrowning.

childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.consequently，asadults，maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer，suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.4

beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment，thereisaneconomicimpact，includingcostsofhospitalization,mentalhealthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.

anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.

itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblamefor5maltreatment.anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.6

詞匯：

maltreatmentn.虐待impairvt.損害

consequencen.結(jié)局，結(jié)果viaprep.通過(guò)，用

prevalencen.流行transmitvt.傳染，傳播

approximatelyadv.大約，大概likelihoodn.可能性

abusevt&n.濫用;虐待adolescentn.青春期之男孩或女孩

homiciden.殺人

attributevt.歸因于persistentlyadv.堅(jiān)持地，持續(xù)地

disruptionn.擾亂

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

l.besubjectto：遭受……

2.bereferredtoas：被當(dāng)做……

3.beattributedto：把……歸因于……

4.consequently，asadults，maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural.physicalandmentalhealthproblems.viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences，maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease，cancer，suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.

因此，那些曾被虐待的兒童，到了成人期，在行為、生理以及心理等方面出現(xiàn)疾病的危險(xiǎn)性大大增加。通過(guò)行為和心理上對(duì)健康的影響，虐待又會(huì)導(dǎo)致其出現(xiàn)心臟病、癌癥、自殺以及性傳播疾病等。

5.toblamefor：因……怪罪，責(zé)怪(某人)

6.anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated，suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent，beingunwanted，orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds，cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.

有幾大特征會(huì)增加兒童受虐待的可能性，如四歲以下或正處于青春期，被覺(jué)得是多余的，或者不能實(shí)現(xiàn)父母的愿望，有特殊要求，不停地哭鬧或者身體有異常等。

練習(xí)：

1.thedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatmentisduetothefollowingfactorsexceptaccordingtothepassage.

achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem

bthereisnoexactdateaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries

cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatecollectors

ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods

2.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

a20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.

b25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.

c25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.

d60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.

3.manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothefollowingtypesexceptaccordingtothepassage.

adrowninginswimmingbdiarrhea

cburnsdfalls

4.whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?

athechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhen、hegrowsup.

bchildmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.

cchildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.

dthechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.

5.themaltreatedchidlrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsexceptaccordingtothepassage.

atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry

btheyareininfant’sorinadolescentperiod

ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends

dthevoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents

答案與題解：

1.c文中第一段提到了虐待兒童是一全球問(wèn)題，無(wú)法獲得中低收入國(guó)家中兒童受虐數(shù)字資料，第二段開(kāi)頭提到了兒童受虐數(shù)字難以統(tǒng)計(jì)的另外一個(gè)原因，即研究方法的差異性，只有專(zhuān)業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)人員是否缺乏沒(méi)有提及，因此答案為c。

2.b文中第二段對(duì)數(shù)字有明確說(shuō)明。

3.b文中第三段指出每年15歲以下兒童死亡大概在31，000人，該數(shù)字大大低估了實(shí)際情況，是因?yàn)橛邢喈?dāng)多的由于受虐而導(dǎo)致死亡的兒童被歸因?yàn)樗に?、燒死、淹死。沒(méi)有明確指出腹瀉，因此可推斷出該題答案為b。

4.a文中提到虐待兒童會(huì)導(dǎo)致其出現(xiàn)身體上的疾病，包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，免疫系統(tǒng)，大腦發(fā)育，以及成年后出現(xiàn)的疾病，但那沒(méi)有提到是否會(huì)對(duì)其記憶力產(chǎn)生影響，因此，答案為a。

5.d參見(jiàn)注釋

第三十四篇

bealertto1antimicrobialresistance

theabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormallyusedfortheirtreatment(multi-drugresistantbacteria)，soposeparticulardifficulties，astheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.whosuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasuresto1imitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibiotics，reducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria.

anarticlepublishedinthelancetinfectiousdiseases2on11august2024identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.thearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofamr3(antimicrobialresistance)，and，inparticular，hasraised,awarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.

whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappear，thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmission，andtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.

thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumers，managersofhospitals，patients，aswellasnationalgovernments.thepharmaceuticalindustry，andinternationalagencies.

whostronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuse，includingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics：introducingor

enforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasures.includingtheuseofhand-washingmeasures，particularlyinhealthcarefacilities.

successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountries，andtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.

whowillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpolicies，andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.antimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofwho'sworldhealthday2024.

詞匯：

evadevt.逃避，避開(kāi)prudentadj.慎重的，謹(jǐn)慎的

posevt.提出monitorvt.監(jiān)控

alternativeadj.可供選擇的(途徑或事物)surveillancen.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)管

rationaladj.合理的，有理性的

implementvt.實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)施adherencen.堅(jiān)持，固守

strainn.種類(lèi)documentvt.證明，支持

reinforcevt.加強(qiáng)力量relevantadj.相關(guān)的

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1.bealertto：對(duì)……警覺(jué)，注意

2.thelancetinfectiousdiseases：?柳葉刀一傳染病?期刊

3.antimicrobialresistance(amr)：抗菌藥物耐藥性

練習(xí)：

1.whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest?

a.themisuseoftheantibioticshascausedstrongerbacteriaresistanceandnonewdrugsagainstthebacteriaareavailableatpresent.

bthemicro-organismsdevelopmuchfasterthanthepast，sotheresearchersaremoreinterested.

ctheantibioticsformulti-drugresistantbacteriaarehighlypricedandtherewillbeabigmarketforthedrugindustry.

dtheantibioticshasbeenfoundmorepowerfulforthetreatmentofthemulti-drugresistantbacteria.

2.whichofthefollowingistrueofthearticlepublishedinthelancetinfectiousdiseases?

atheissueofamrledthescientiststobealerttothenewhumangene.

banewdrugwillbesoonavailableforanymulti-drugresistantbacteria.

canewstrainhasbeenfoundtobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.

damrarousedtheawarenessofthescientiststotheinfectionscausedbytheantibiotics.

3.whoofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassagetotakecautiousandproperactionabouttheamr?

athosewhouseantibiotics.

bthosewhosellantibiotics.

cthosewhoproduceantibiotics.

dthosewhostudyinuniversities.

4.allthefollowingrecommendationstothegovernmentsfromwhoistrueexcept

aeducationtotheusersofantibiotics.

bcontrolontheuseofantibioticsinhealthfacilities.

cintroductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.

dlimitonthehospitalstostoremoreantibioticdrugsthantheycanuse.

5.whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

awhocanonlyrecommendthegovernmentstocontrolandpreventthetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganisms.

bevenwiththenewstrainsagainsttheexistingantibiotics，thetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsisstillundercontrol.

cwithoutthesupportfromwho，nocountrycanbesafeinthewaragainstthetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganisms.

dwhowillsparenoeffortinantimicrobialresistancein2024andwillsetaspecialdayforitin2024.

答案與題解：

1.a文中第一段指出，有些致病菌對(duì)現(xiàn)有的抗生素產(chǎn)生了一定的耐藥性，而目前有效的替代藥物還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題，因此引起了全球關(guān)注。因此，答案為a。

2.c文中第二段說(shuō)明，雜志中提到發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幾乎對(duì)所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的細(xì)菌，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了世人對(duì)amr，尤其是對(duì)耐藥菌感染的關(guān)注。因此，答案為c。

3.d文中提到應(yīng)對(duì)amr特別關(guān)注的人群包括：消費(fèi)者，醫(yī)院管理人員，病人，政府，藥品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及一些國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)，文中沒(méi)有提到大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。因此，答案為d。

4.dwho提出的建議包括：對(duì)amr進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，合理使用抗生素，教育公眾及醫(yī)務(wù)人員要正確使用抗生素，立法限制非處方購(gòu)置抗生素以及對(duì)感染采用預(yù)防和控制措施，沒(méi)有提到限制醫(yī)院儲(chǔ)藏抗生素。因此，答案為d。

5.b雖然目前還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)更有效的新抗生素，但文中提到在許多國(guó)家對(duì)耐藥性微生物的控制取得了很大成功，而且目前的預(yù)防手段仍然能夠有效減少耐藥微生物的傳播。因此，答案為b打包下載：2024綜合類(lèi)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材新增文章〔word版〕

完型填空新增文章〔共4篇〕

目錄：

第二篇(c級(jí))：influenza

第七篇(b級(jí))：exercise

第八篇(b級(jí))：foodsafetyandfoodborneillness

第十二篇(a級(jí))：pandemich1n12024

第二篇

influenza

influenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.according〔1〕somegreekwritersonmedicalhistory,theoutbreakof412b.c.wasofinfluenza.thesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthrough1thegreekarmy〔2〕syracusein395b.c.fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople〔3〕incrowdedconditions，hence，itislikelytoattackarmies.

duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread〔4〕ofinfluenza.thelastofthefive〔5〕in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.liketherecentoutbreak，〔6〕startedinasia.

formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreak，influenzahadsteadily〔7〕andwasbelievedtobedyingout.2anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu〔8〕aconstantthreat.

inapril1918flubrokeout3amongamericantroopsstationedinfrance.itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively〔9〕deaths.fourmonthslater，〔10〕，asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso〔11〕youngadults.itwentthrough4everycountryintheworld，onlyafewdistantislandsinthesouthatlanticandthepacificremaining〔12〕.itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries〔13〕，foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.beforethegreatoutbreakended.it〔14〕atleast15millionpeople.thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.itisthus〔15〕thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.

詞匯：

influenzan.流行性感冒constantadj.經(jīng)常發(fā)生的

outbreakn.爆發(fā)troopn.(常用復(fù)數(shù))軍隊(duì)，部隊(duì)

syracusen.敘拉古(意大利西西里島東南部一海港)stationvt.駐扎

atlanticadj.大西洋的;n.(theatlantic)大西洋

widespreadadj.普遍的，散布很廣的

pacificadj.太平洋的;n.(thepacific)太平洋

steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地

quartern.四分之一thereafteradv.此后，其后

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1.sweepthrough：席卷，橫掃

2.dieout：消失，不復(fù)存在

3.breakout：突然發(fā)生;爆發(fā)

4.gothrough：走遍

練習(xí)：

1.aatbtocindfrom

2.abeingattackedbhavingbeenattackedcattackeddattacking

3.asittingbstandingclivingdappearing

4.aoutbreaksbincidentscaccidentsdcases

5.achangedbhappenedcariseddescend

6.aitbtheycwhichdthose

7.aenlargedbstrengthenedcdecreaseddincreased

8.awasnolongerbwentoutofcceasedtobedremained

9.afewbmanyccountlessdinnumerable

10.ainadditionbhowevercthereforedmoreover

11.aweakbdisabledcsickdhealthy

12.atouchingbtouchedcuntoucheddhavingtouched

13.astopbstoppingcstoppeddtostop

14.akilledbhaskilledchadkilleddhasbeenkilling

15.aclearbstrangecuncertaindquestionable

答案與題解：

1.b四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中、只有to可以與according連用，意為“根據(jù)，按照〞，與上下文意思吻合。

2.d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有attacking適宜。attack是及物動(dòng)詞，用它的現(xiàn)在分詞作為army的定語(yǔ)，后面還帶有它的賓語(yǔ)syracuse，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表示被動(dòng)的意思，不僅語(yǔ)法上無(wú)法使用，意思上也說(shuō)不通。

3.c從語(yǔ)法上看，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以使用，但從意思上分析，只有c項(xiàng)最符合邏輯，最恰當(dāng)。

4.a四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，b、c、d的意思分別為“(小)事件〞、“(意外)事故〞和“病例，案例〞，顯然不符合上下文意思，只有a項(xiàng)(“爆發(fā)〞)恰當(dāng)。

5.b四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中a、c、d的意思分別為“改變，變化〞、“上升，升高〞和“下降〞，均與上下文意思不符，只有b項(xiàng)(“發(fā)生")恰當(dāng)。

6.a上面說(shuō)到，“這五次大爆發(fā)的最后一次出現(xiàn)于1889年……像最近一次大爆發(fā)一樣，它起源于亞洲"，此空白處從語(yǔ)法上分析，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)能夠代替那次爆發(fā)的主語(yǔ)，it是最恰當(dāng)?shù)?用which就不恰當(dāng)，因?yàn)檫@里不可能是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，況且which是指therecentoutbreak還是指thelastofthefive也不明確，因此絕對(duì)不能用which。

7.c從上下文意思看，尤其是空白后面所說(shuō)的“被認(rèn)為正在消失"，因此此處只能是逐步“減少"的意思，絕不能是“擴(kuò)大〞、“加強(qiáng)〞、“增加〞等其他意思。

8.d本空白處前面說(shuō)到，“1889-1990年那次大爆發(fā)引發(fā)了一批新的大爆發(fā)〞，后面接著的顯然應(yīng)該是“此后四分之一世紀(jì)流感的威脅仍然是經(jīng)常不斷"，也就是選項(xiàng)d的意思，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思都相反。

9.a答復(fù)這道題時(shí)，首先要注意but這個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞的存在，也就是它提示了應(yīng)該選擇few這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思都相反。fewdeaths意思是“死的人不多〞。

10.b上面說(shuō)到，“上次爆發(fā)死的人不多〞，后面說(shuō)到，“這一次可是一個(gè)殺手〞，可見(jiàn)這個(gè)空白處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的插入語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有b是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的，其他三個(gè)不是表示“遞進(jìn)〞(a、d)就是表示“因果"(c)的。

11.d從本空白處的句子中完全可以猜出答案應(yīng)該是healthy，因?yàn)閚otonly…butalso可以起到很明顯的提示作用，前面說(shuō)oldandsick，后面自然是youngandhealthy。

12.c從前后文可以很容易猜到，只有少數(shù)地方幸免于難，因此只有選項(xiàng)c適宜，其他三項(xiàng)都不恰當(dāng)。

13.d答復(fù)這道題時(shí)涉及一個(gè)詞組的用法：bringsb./sth.todosth.，意思是“促使……去做……"，知道這個(gè)用法就會(huì)選擇d。

14.c本句的意思就是，“在這次大爆發(fā)之前，它已經(jīng)殺死了最少1500萬(wàn)人"，語(yǔ)法上，在這樣的句子中，主句謂語(yǔ)必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，用以表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，即“在……之前已經(jīng)……〞，因此其他選項(xiàng)均不適宜。

15.a從上下文看，只有clear才恰當(dāng)，其他三項(xiàng)的意思在這里都不適宜。itisthusclearthat…是一個(gè)很常見(jiàn)的組合，意思是：“由此可見(jiàn)……"或“因此，很明顯……"第七篇

exercise

weatherornotexerciseadds〔1〕thelengthoflife，itiscommonexperiencethatacertain〔2〕ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.

furthermore，exercise〔3〕involvesplayandrecreation，andrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoing，isnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.

howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould〔4〕meritscarefulconsideration.thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.1theyfatiguetothe〔5〕ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.butnotsowith〔6〕ofmiddleageandbeyond.forthemmoderationis〔7〕vitalimportance.justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion〔8〕toanswer.individualvariabilityis〔9〕greattopermitofgeneralization.agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.thesafelimitforexercise〔10〕ontheconditionoftheheart，theconditionofthemuscles，thetypeofexercise，andtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.twogeneralsuggestions，however，will〔11〕assoundadviceforanyone.thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe〔12〕periodicallybycareful，thoroughphysicalexaminations.the〔13〕isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.

whattypeofexerciseoneshould〔14〕dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesports，butmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.2walking，swimming，skatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate〔15〕throughoutlife.regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.3

詞匯：

well-beingn.康樂(lè)exhaustionn.筋疲力盡

recreationn.娛樂(lè)，消遣promptlyadv.迅速地

fatiguen.疲勞moderationn.適度，適中

thrillvt.vi.沖動(dòng)variabilityn.變異性，可變性

exhilarationn.快樂(lè);振奮generalizationn.一般化，普遍化

strenuousadj.緊張的;費(fèi)力的

follyn.愚蠢，蠢事competitiveadj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的

regularityn.規(guī)律性

periodicallyadv.定期地skatevi.滑冰

vigorousadj.精力充分的，有力的enjoymentn.享受，歡樂(lè)，愉快

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1，thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationof

strenuoussports.發(fā)育中的兒童和一般的青年男女都會(huì)因緊張劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)而沖動(dòng)不已。

2.…butmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.……但大多

數(shù)老年人最好還是把自己的活動(dòng)限制在不太劇烈的程度之內(nèi)。dobettertodosth.：最好做……事情。limitsb./sth.tosth.：把……限制在……(范圍內(nèi))。

3.regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.如果任何人想從體育鍛煉中獲得