凝視理論對(duì)比分析斯嘉麗和白流蘇的婚姻觀

ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u22945Introduction 756361.LiteratureReview 730641.1TheImageofWomen 7297501.2TheImageofFamily 8150651.3TheGazeTheory 840401.4ViewofMarriage 8249932.TheGazeTheory 9226812.1Self-dreamandDream-self 9212122.2MeandOther 962703.Mirror-imageTheory 10298273.1Place 10151443.1.1ShanghaiandGeorgia 10293923.1.2HongkongandAtlanta 1156353.2People 11181973.2.1BaiLiusuandScarlet 11144143.2.2FanLiuyuanandRhett 1166573.3TwoKindsofCivilizations 11196493.4LoveandMarriage 1213194.GazeandAnti-gaze 1285604.1Gaze 1255894.1.1Lowerone’sHeads 12204384.1.2Raiseone’sHeads 12172684.1.3Mistress 1236284.2Anti-gaze 13240664.2.1FirstDance 13154754.2.2Self-save 13239264.2.3DivorceandMarriage 1448305.LoveandMarriage 142545.1Love 14175375.2Equality 15259825.3Independence 1516489Conclusion 1613496Bibliography 16摘要《亂世佳人》和《傾城之戀》分別由瑪格麗特·米切爾和張愛玲完成的關(guān)于對(duì)女性角色的探討的作品，斯嘉麗和白流蘇具有相似的經(jīng)歷，這些經(jīng)歷受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)影響，家庭因素影響，社會(huì)觀念影響以及她們自身性格所影響。眾多學(xué)者將注意力放在了兩部作品的女性意識(shí)上面，而且將兩部作品的女主角放在一起對(duì)比分析的文章也是少之又少。所以筆者采取了一個(gè)新的視角來對(duì)比分析斯嘉麗和白流蘇婚姻觀，引入拉康的凝視理論中的鏡像理論，探討女主角婚姻觀的相似之處和不同之處。關(guān)鍵詞：斯嘉麗；鏡像理論；凝視理論；婚姻觀AbstractGonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCityarewrittenbyMargaretMitchellandZhangAilingrespectively.Whenitcomestofemalecharactersinthesetwoworks,ScarletandBaiLiusuhavesimilarexperiences,whichareaffectedbywar,byfamily,bysocialconceptsandbytheirownpersonalities.Manyscholarshavepaidalotofattentiontoheroines’femaleconsciousnessofthetwoworks.Therearefewarticleswhicharecomparativelyanalyzingtheheroinesofthetwoworks.AnewperspectiveisadoptedtoanalyzeScarletandBaiLiusui’sviewsofmarriageandLacan’smirrortheoryinthegazetheoryisalsointroducedtoexplorethesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftheheroine'sviewsofmarriage.Keywords：Scarlet;TheMirrorTheory;TheGazeTheory;ViewofMarriageIntroductionIntheworld,AmericancivilwarhasalwaysbeenahottopicandMargaret’smasterpieceGonewiththeWindishighlypraisedandpopular.InChina,thewarofaggressionagainstChinaisalsounforgettableandZhangAiling’sLoveinaFallenCityisverythought-provokingandwell-known.Somepeoplemaynoticealotofsimilaritiesbetweenthesetwoworkssuchassamewartime,familyfactorsandpersonalitiesaboutheroinesbutmanyofthempaylittleattentiontotheanalysisofheroines’viewofmarriageinGonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCity.Here,myattentionispaidontheanalysisofloveandmarriageinthegazetheory.Duetotheirsimilarrebellion,theirchoicesaboutmarriagehavesomethingincommon.Mirrortheorywhichiscontainedinthegazetheorycanbeofgooduseintheinterpretationandcomparisonofheroines’valueofmarriage.LiteratureReviewThemainfocusofthispassageistheanalysisofBaiLiusuandScarlet’sviewofmarriagewiththeuseofthemirrortheoryinthegazetheory.Soliteraturereviewisdividedintofourparts,theimageofwomen,theimageoffamily,themirrortheoryandthegazetheoryandviewofmarriage.Thereasonwhychoosetheimageofwomenandfamilyisthattheconstructionofcharactersarelinkedwiththeinfluenceoffamily.Then,mirrortheoryandgazetheoryisintroduced.Thelastpartistodiscussabouttheviewofmarriage.Besides,GonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCity,PrideandPrejudiceisalsochosen.1.1TheImageofWomenChenJie(2017)makesacomparativeanalysisoftwoheroines.Inordertotakecareoftheirownlifeandfamily,asdecliningaristocratsinthewartime,theyneedtoexchangetheirmarriagewithmoney.Basedonthatspecifictime,HuangJingyi(2018)pointsthatclock,huqinarejusttherepresentativesofBaimansion.ZengYong(2017)putsforwardthatBaiLiusucurvestoherfatetogetmarriedformoneyandshecannotgetridofherservilityinmen-dominantperiod.ZhengShufang(2018)paysattentiontofemaleawarenessaboutScarlet.Shehasbraveryandfirmness.Besides,ZhangShaohua(2014)addsselfishnessaboutScarlet.Thisisonereasonabouthertragedy.Inaddition,themarriagebetweenLiusuandFanLiuyuanisalsofulloftragedybecausebothofthemareselfishanddonoteasilytrustotherpeople.ZhouYali(2015)andRenXiaojun(2015)makeadescriptionofthelifeofYaoMulan.Fortheinterestofherfamily,shegivesupherhappinessandmarriestosomeoneshedoesnotlove.It’sstillatragicstory.AsaconventionalChinesewoman,sheistaughtwiththeconcept,thatis,thefamily’sinterestmeanseverything.Tosomeextent,ScarletislikeBaiLiusuandYaoMulanbecausetheyarebraveenoughtosacrificethemselvestodefendtheirhomesinthesamecondition.1.2TheImageoffamilyInMomentinPeking,GonewiththeWind,LoveinaFallenCity,Baimansion,YaomansionandTarahaveanimportantinfluenceonthedevelopmentofheroines.AlthoughBaiandYaofamiliesdonotbelongtorealmanortypically,theyhavesomecharacteristicsofmanor.WangJieli(2014),ZhouYali(2015)andRenXiaojun(2015)alltogetheranalyzetheimageofYaoandBaifamilies.ItisthecollisionperiodbetweenChinesetraditionalcultureandwesternculture.Intheperiodofwar,theymakedifferentchoicesindifferentenvironments,WangJieli(2014)putsforwardthreeopinionsaboutLoveinaFallenCity.Firstly,it’sthemarriageofBaiLiusu’sinfluenceonBaifamily.AfterdivorceBaiLiusu’sfamilytreatherbadlywithoutanyconcernforher.Then,shemeetsFanLiuyuanandfallsinlovewithhim.Lastly,shetiestheknotwithFanLiuyuan.Likewise,TaraplaysasignificantroleintheconstructionofScarlet’spersonality.LiangJielin(2018)statesthreemeaningsofTara.Taraisthemeaningofsearchingforeternalland.Inthistime,Taraisthelifetowerwhichisworthfightingforandworkingforandsacrificing.Taraisthemeaningofmissingforhomeland.WhenScarletisoutofhome,sheissovulnerablethatshewantstocomebackhomeatonce.Besides,Taraishersourceofhappinessandsecurity.ShemissesTaraaloteventhoughsheismarriedtoRhettandleadsaluxurylife.ThethirdmeaningofTaraisherspiritualland.ShecandoeverythingforTara.InordertosaveTara,sheplantscotton,milkcows.Shemarrieshersister’slovertosaveTaraandevenseekshelpfromRhett.LuXipei(1995)alsosuggeststhatauthorfeelspitifulforthecultureofsouthplantation.Inthemeanwhile,thereexistsmodernisminGonewiththeWind.Americancivilwarisunavoidableinthetransitionfromtheoldculturetothenewculture.1.3TheGazeTheoryLiuWen(2006)pointsthatdesireisakindofself-obsessionandhemakesconnectionsbetweenself-awarenessandself-alienation.It’sacknowledgedthatidentityisconstructedonself-awarenessbutit’salsobasedonself-alienation.ZhangHong(2019)indicatesgazingisfromdesire.Desiretoomuchleadstoself-destruction.ShaoWenshuo(2011)alsoelaboratesthelinksbetweentheconstructionofidentityandother.Besides,heputsforwardthatthefoundationofmirrortheoryisfromFreud’sunawarenessandSaussure’slinguistictheory.LiuXingliang(2018)findsthatlacan’sgazetheoryexiststhreedefects,thatis,signifiedandsignifier,transformationbetweentheimaginary,thesymbolic,thereal,subjectandobject.Inthemeantime,WuQiong(2019)indicatesthatthegazeoftheimaginary,thesymbolic,therealisonthebasisofpaternalorder.CaiShengqing(2019)usesthegazetheorytoanalyzetheimageofScarlet,womenmarginalization,theroleanti-malesandreconstructionofwomenfriendshipinthefilmGonewiththeWind.Themalegazeandthefemalegazerepresentthewomen’sliberationofpersonalityfacingwiththehardshipandfrustration.Thecooperationbetweenwomenwillencouragewomentobreakthemalegazeandbecomethemselves.1.4ViewofMarriageYuLijing(2010)andZhangShaohua(2016)bothanalyseviewofmarriageofheroinesinPrideandPrejudice.YuLijing(2010)makesaquestionabouttheimportanceofloveandmarriage.Throughherexplanationaboutloveandmoney,loveaddsmoneyisequaltogoodmarriage.Besides,ZhangShaohua(2016)makesananalysisaboutfourkindsofmarriages,thatis,pureandattractivemarriage,materialisticmarriage,goal-orientedmarriage,perfectmarriage.Inthemeantime,ZhangShaohua(2017)pointsoutthecauseofScarlet’slovetragedybecausesheisobsessedaboutimaginaryloveandshedoesnotknowwhatisrealloveandsheiscrazyaboutmoney.YanKe(2016)makesgoodexplanationaboutfivemodesofmarriagesaboutZhangAiling’sworks.Thefirstmarriageisthatmarriageistheonlyroadforwomentochoose.BaiLiusuisarepresentativeexampleandshehasnomoneytopaythecostsofherlifesoshemustneedtofindamantobecomehiswife.Thesecondoneisthemismatchbetweenloveandmarriage.Thethirdoneistheisolationbetweenloveandmarriage.Thefourthoneismoney-orientedmarriage.Thelastoneisdepressingloveandmarriage.TheGazeTheoryThroughthediscussionaboutheroines,theoryandviewofmarriage,thegazetheorywillbepaidattentiontotwoquestions,thatis,self-dreamanddream-self,meandother.2.1Self-dreamandDream-selfLacan’sgazetheoryisdividedintothreephases,theimaginary,therealandthesymbolic.Atfirst,peopleneedtorealizethemselvesandfindthetruethemselves.Intheirlife,theyhavealotofdreamsanddesires.Forexample,ScarlethasherownlovedreamsoshealwaysthinksshelovesAshleyandhatesRhett.Itturnsouttobewrong.AfterMelanie’sdeath,shefiguresoutMelanie’simportanceonherandhertrueloveisRhett.Thereasonwhypeoplecannotfindwhattheylikeisbecausethereisatransitionfromself-dreamtodream-selfduringthistime.Intheperiodofself-dream,peoplewouldratherlookforthingsthatdonotbelongtothemselvesthancherishwhattheyalreadyhave.ScarletdoesnothaveAshley’lovesoshehasdissatisfaction.Thisdissatisfactionfromhimmisleadshernotfinishingdream-self.Inthedream-selfperiod,peoplewillknowwhattheyreallycareaboutandloveaftersomanytroublesanddifficultieshavehappened.Atlast,ScarletknowshertrueloveRhettandfindthedream-self.2.2MeandOtherInLacan’sgazetheory,ourexistenceisfromotherpeople’sgazing.Onthecontrary,wecanexistbecausewecanbeseenbyotherpeoplefromeverypoint.Besides,thisgazingcontainsakindofdesire.Forexample,inmale-dominantsociety,womenaresousedtoothers’gazingthattheythemselvescan’trealizethisgazing.Inantherperspective,gazingisnotjustasimpleseeingbutalsoaresometraditionalnormsandruleswhicharedesignedforwomen.Womenneedtorealizetheharmofgazingandanti-gazeaboutthesekindsofgazing.Gazingonwomenexistsineverypeople,anytimeandeverywhere.Gazingcanberidiculing,abusingandpettingfrompeoplefrompasttofutureintheworldwide.Gazingisalsovisibleandinvisible.Somewordsorsentencescanbeheardorseenbypeoplebutsomenormsandrulescannotbeheardorseenbypeoplewhichshacklepeople’sfreedomintheirmindsandbodies.TakeBaiLiusuforexample,shewillbecriticizedandabusedbyherbrothersandsisters-in-lawwhenshedanceswithFanLiuyuan.Thisisgazingfrompeople.WhenshegetsdivorcedwithherfirsthusbandandwantstogetFanLiuyuan,somebodywillthinksheisthekindofwomenwhoisnolongerpureandoverreachingherself.Thisisgazingfromsociety.Mirror-imageTheoryMirror-imagetheoryistheextensionofthegazetheory.Lacanelaborateshismirror-imagetheoryintothreeparts,pre-mirrorphase,mirrorphaseandpost-mirrorphase.Inthepre-mirrorphase,ababycan’trealizehimselfinfrontofamirrorandheisunawareofhisexistence.Whenheseesapersoninthemirror,hethinksit’snothimandotherpeople.Inmirrorphase,thisbabyrealizeshimselfandtendstolookatthemirrorformanytimes.Hewillhavehisawareness.Inpost-mirrorphase,languageisintroducedintothisareasothatthisbabyrealizesnotonlyhisexistencebutalsoothers’existence.Helikestopronouncesomewordsorsentencesfromhismouthforfoodorotherdesires.InLacan’sopinion,mirrortheoryisjustinterpretedinbaby’sarea.Inmyview,mirrortheorycanbeextendedintosociety.Everythingintheworldcannotbeseparated.Althoughdifferenttimeandspace,theremayexiststwosimilarplacesorpeopleorcivilizationstobefoundouttheirconnectionsandrelationsinGonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCity.3.1Place3.1.1ShanghaiandGeorgiaTosomeextent,ShanghailookslikeGeorgiaandbothofthemareepitomesoftraditionalChineseandAmericansouthcivilizations.Inthesamewartime,shanghaiisfacingwiththeimpactofwesternandmaterialisticculturesandGeorgiaisfacingwiththeimpactofnorthindustrializationsobothplacesareexperiencingthroesandconvulsions.Thesetwocitiesareequippedwithsamesituationandperplexity.Thedifficultiesarehowtogetridoftheinfluenceofwesternbourgeoisieandnorthindustrialization.3.1.2HongkongandAtlantaHongkongandAtlantaarejustliketwinbrothersinamirror.Hongkonghasbecomeaprosperouscitywithgoodinfrastructure,economyandsocietywhichisfullofwesterners,easternersgoingontrade.Inthemeanwhile,Atlantaisundergoingmanychanges,manyofhousesarebuiltforwarsotreeshavebeencutdowntobuildhouses.Bothplacesareshoulderingchangesandhopes.3.2People3.2.1BaiLiusuandScarletBaiLiusuandScarletlookliketwinsistersinamirrorbecausetheyarebeautiful,brave,responsible,materialistic,goodatmaskingandself-centered.Theyknowhowtoutilizetheirbeautytogetwhatevertheywant.Besides,theyalsohavesimilarpersonalitiessotheyhavesimilarmarriageexperiencessuchasgettingmarried,gettingdivorcedandgettingmarriedagain.Thechoicestheyhavemadeandwhytheymakeareimportantpointstobetalkedabout.3.2.2FanLiuyuanandRhettFanLiuyuanandRhettlookliketwinbrothersinamirrorbecausetheyhavesomanypersonalitiesincommonbecausetheyareselfish,materialistic,polygamousandfragile.Althoughbothofthemhaveenoughmoneyintheirhands.it’shardforthemtotrustothers.Lackofsecurityinlove,theywanttofindtrueloveandareafraidofadmittinglovingheroines.It’sjustaparadoxbecausetheyarefragileandneedotherpeople’struelove.3.3TwoKindsofCivilizationsIt’sacknowledgedthatadvancementmustdefeatbackwardness.InLoveinaFallenCity,it’sabouttwodifferentregimes’collision,traditionalChineseabsolutemonarchyandwesternconstitutionalmonarchy.BaimansionrepresentstraditionalChinesecivilizationsothecollapseofBaimansionisthefailureofunder-developedagriculturalculture.InGonewiththeWind,it’saboutthecollisionoftwokindsofcultures,thenewindustrialcultureandtheoldagriculture.Beforethewar,Taraisthesymbolofsouthplantation.Afterthewar,thecollapseofTaraisthefailureofsouthagriculturalculture.Thetruthisthatindustrialculturemustdefeatagriculturalculture.3.4LoveandMarriageTherearethreephrasesaboutheroines’changes.Borninaaristocratsindecline,Liusuneedtoexchangeherbeautywithmoneyoutoflife.Borninasouthplantationfamily,Scarletissovain,arrogantandselfish,self-centredandnarcissisticthatshefeelseveryoneshouldloveherandshecancontroleverythingwithherbeauty.Duringthewar,Liusufindsthevaluesandloveoflife.Scarletexperiencesmanythingswhichmakesheranewwoman.Afterthat,LiusucomesbackhometostartanewlifewithLiuyuan.Scarletrealizestheimportanceofmoneyandpowerandhertruelove.GazeandAnti-gazeInthemirrortheory,manysymbolsarecomparedinthesetwoworkssuchasplace,people,civilizations,loveandmarriage.Then,fromanewperspective,gazeandanti-gazeofheroinesaregoingtobetalkedabout.4.1Gaze4.1.1Lowerone’sHeadsLiusuisgoodatloweringherheadswhichmakeshermoreattractiveandcharminginLiuyuan’smind.Thisisaclassickindofmengazing.ThefeudalConfucianideasofcomplyingandvirtuesarestillcorruptingwomen’ssoulsbecausethisideasdemandwomenobedienceanddeference.ThoughLiusustrugglestobreaktraditionalnorms’shackles,itturnesoutthatsheisalsotheproductofoldsociety.Sheneedstoacceptothermen’sgazingandbehavesasagoodladysothatitcanadduptohercapitalandpossibilitytowinthislovegame.4.1.2Raiseone’sHeadsDifferentfromLiusu,Scarletisgoodatraisingherheads.It’sthesamereasonasLiusu’s.WhereverinoldChinaorinconfederatestates,it’sknownthatwomenshouldsubmittomen’sordersandinstructions.Scarletknowsheradvantagessosheisabletotemptmenwithweakness.Menareapttolikethisfoolish,emptyandobedientgirls.Sheraisesherheadsandlooksatmenwithworship.Becauseofthisspecialreasonandlittletricksandgames,sheisalwayspopularsurroundedbymen.4.1.3MistressWhenScarletgetsintotrouble,shechoosestotemptRhetttoaskhertomarryhimbutRhettfindsoutthetruth.SheneedstopayforTara’srent.Undoubtedly,sheforgetsheridentityandlosesherselfandsuccumbstomen’spowerandgazing.Itturnesoutthatshemeetswithhersister’fianceandavoidsthefateofbeingamistress.BaiLiusudoesnothaveenoughgoodluckasher.AsFanhesitatestorevealhisfeelings,Liusufailstomakehimmakeaproposal.WhenshedecidestogobackHongkongthesecondtime,shehasknownwhatisgoingtohappeninhermind.Beforemarriage,shebecomeshismistress.Sheacceptsherincompetence,fateandmalegazing.Thesentenceisfixedinhermind,shedoesnotreadanybooks,doanyhardordirtywork.4.2Anti-gaze4.2.1.FirstDanceScarletandBaiLiusuarerebelliouswomenoftheirtimebecausetheydaretobedifferentwomen.Takingscarletforanexample,sinceherfirsthusbandhasjustdiedofillness,sheisnotallowedtodanceatthepartyandsheshouldappearasaladywhoisunwillingtotalktopeopleoreventodancewithothers.However,Scarletmakesobjectiontothistraditionalgenderrolesandnormsinthesociety.WhenRhettButlersendsheraninvitationattheparties,Scarletacceptswithoutanyhesitation.Sheevendanceswithhimformanytimessothatotherpeopleareverysurprisedaboutthisscene.Inthemeanwhile,Liusuisalsoawidowafterherfirsthusband’sdeathandFanLiuyuanishersister’spartnerofablinddate.InoldChina,it’suniversallyacknowledgedthatladiesareunabletodanceatthepartiesandwhoresarejusttheopposite.Liusudarestoseizethisopportunitytowhichisprovedthatsheisdifferentfromthewomeninhertime.Althoughsheissobravethatshedanceswithhimthreetimes,shesuffersfromhersister-in-law’sabuseaftergoinghome.Otherwise,sheisunabletosurviveatherhomesosheneedstograbFanLiuyuan’sattentiontobecomehiswife.4.2.2Self-saveTraditionalwomenwillwaitformen’ssavingthemfromthesufferingwhentheyhavetrouble.However,BaiLiusuinLoveinaFallenCityandScarletinGonewiththeWindtrytodosomethingunusualtoself-save.Theydon’tbelieveinfatetheoryandmakethefirstmove.Successfully,LiusuwinsthegameandgetsmarriedwithLiuyuan.Asalegalwife,shehasmoney,status,respectbecauseshegetseveryone’seyeingupman.Scarletcan’tsurviveattheTaraandeveryoneisworryingovertherent.ShestrugglestocomeupwithmanyideasandsavesTaraandpeople.4.2.3divorceandmarriageWomeninthattimewillalwaysobeytheirhusbands’orderbutBaiLiusuandScarletgetmarried,getdivorcedandgetmarriedagain.BaiLiusugetsmarriedtwice.Thefirstmarriageisjustthetradeofmoney.Moneyisstillthemainfactorinthesecondmarriage.Scarletgetsmarriedthreetimes.Thefirstoneisoutofenvyandjealousy.ThesecondoneistosaveTara.Thelastoneisstillmoneytrade.LoveandMarriageAfterthecomparisonbetweenthesymbolsinGonewiththeWindandLoveinaFallenCityinthemirrortheory,differentfactorsleadtoheroines’choicesofmarriage.Peoplewillalwaysstruggleinloveandmarriageinthetransitionofself-dreamanddream-selfwhentheyarefacingwithdifferentkindsofgazing.Threefactorsplayanimportantroleinpeople’smarriage.5.1LoveLoveisthenecessaryprerequisiteofmarriage.Throughtheages,it’suniversallyacknowledgedthateveryoneshouldgetmarriedwhentheygrowup.Thereasonswhymenareoughttomarryingwomenneedtobefiguredout.ScarletgetsmarriedforthreetimesandBaiLiusutwice.Becauseofjealousy,ScarletismarriedtoCharles.ThesecondtimesheissearchingforpaymentofTara’srent.Finally,shefindshertrueloveRhettbutshedoesnotrealizeherfeelingandthinksabouthismoney.TheintentionofScarlet’severymarriageisnotlovebutotherreasonswhichisherbeginningofhermarriage’stragedy.Inthegazetheory,ShebelievesthatAshleyisafictionalobject,apersonwhoisaperfectpersoninherheart.AfterherbestfriendMelanie’sdeath,shejustknowsthereasonwhysheissocrazyaboutAshley.Heisjusttheonewhoisneversurroundedbyherandmakesaproposaltoher.Inherview,heisunattainableandelegantanddifferentfromthemenaroundher.Fromthisperspective,shegetsusedtoRhett’scompany,careandlove.Inaddition,BaiLiusugetsmarriedwithherfirsthusbandMr.Tangowingtohismoneyandherfamily.Chinaisjustaneraoftransitionfromtheoldtothenew.Bothofhermarriageisrelatedtomoney.Itturnsouttobetragic.ShebecomesFanLiuyuan’swifebutloseshisheartintheend.5.2EqualityEqualityisalsoanimportantreasonaboutmarriage.Notonlyinthespiritualaspectbutalsointhematerialaspectshouldbeequal.Undoubtedly,spiritismorevitalthanmaterial.Womenandmenshouldbeequalinworldoutlooks,interests,conversationandstatus.Worldoutlooksaredividedintothreeparts,viewofworld,viewoflifeandviewofvalue.Thethreeofviewsaretheframeworkofspiritualmarriage.Basedonthat,twopeoplemayhaveagoodbeginningofmarriage.ScarletisthesamepersonasRhettsotheyareontherighttrack.SosameasBaiLiusu.Agoodbeginningisthehalfsuccess.Then,ScarletandRhetthavealotofthingsincommonsuchastheirfeelingsandthinkingaboutsomeeventsorpeople.BaiLiusuandFanLiuyuanarebothselfishpeople.Samepersonalitiesleadtotheirmarriage.Scarletisselfish,money-drivenandarrogantwomen.Rhetthassimilarsoulasher.Outofthesamedesireformoney,thiscontributestotheirmarriage.Inamaterialisticaspect,BaiLiusumustdependonFanLiuyuan’smoney.Theyarenotequalonthesubjectofeconomicstatus.FanLiuyuancanlivewithoutBaiLiusubutBaicannotlivewithFan.IntheendofLoveinaFallenCity,BaiLiusubecomeshiswifeandhisfamilymemberbuthenevertalkswithherinasweetmanner.Onthecontrary,ScarletisthedaughterofplantationownerandRhetthasthesimilarbackgroundashersotheyhassameeconomicstatuswhichdoesnotcauseanymisunderstandingsbetweenthem.5.3IndependenceIndependenceisanotherleadingfactorofmarriage.Womenandmenshouldbeindependentintheirmindandincome.Atallages,menhavemoreadvantagesthanwomenbecausetheyhavemoretimeandfreedomtodomanythings.Beforemarriage,theycanstudyhard,travelaroundtheworldandaccomplishtheirdreams.Womendon’tneedtoreadbooksorhavemanythinking.Themostimportantthingforwomenisthattheyshouldgraspskillsabouttemptingmentogetmarriedwiththem.Astheeconomicbasedet