Unit+3+The+lnternet+Discovering+useful+structures【知識精研+能力提升】高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊

Presentperfectpassivevoice現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Unit3LeadinAppreciateapoemLookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourteethhavebeenbrushedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Enjoy!BYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果，主語是動作的承受者。Youhaveslainanenemy.Yourteamhasdestroyedtheturret.slay–slew-slainhave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoneAnallyhasbeenslain.Anenemyhasbeenslain.Youhavebeenslain.Yourturrethasbeendestroyed.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)防御塔

殺死敵人盟友slay-slain-slain一、ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：has/have+done

(V-過去分詞)助動詞,無意義表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作,而且這個動作的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響;表示動作發(fā)生在過去,但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。

表示

發(fā)生的或

的動作對

造成的

。Pastpresent過去已完成現(xiàn)在影響或結(jié)果e.g.1.I

havejustopened

thedoor.

結(jié)果是

(Thedoorisnotclosednow.）現(xiàn)在完成時概念：常用的時間狀語有：◆常與不確定的時間狀語連用，如:thesedays,uptonow,

bynow,lately,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,recently,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動作.現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型現(xiàn)在完成時(ActiveVoice)肯定式have/hasdone否定式have/hasnotdone一般疑問句have/has+主+done？（have/has提前）特殊疑問句疑問詞-have/has+主+done？

(疑問詞+一般疑問句)肯定式S+have/has+been+doneTheresearchhasbeendonesuccessfully.否定式S+have/has+not+been+done...Theauthor’snewstoryhasnotbeenpublished.一般疑問句Have/Has+S+been+done...Hashiswashingmachinebeenrepaired?特殊疑問句疑問詞+have/has+S+been+done...Whohasbeeninvited?二、Thepresentperfectpassivevoice

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時1.定義

表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果,主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)+現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)has/havedonebedonehas/havebeendone+被動語態(tài)的意義和構(gòu)成1.ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theclassroomsarecleanedbystudentseveryday.3.ThismathsproblemcanbeworkedoutbylittleTom.

被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語+

be+done

被動語態(tài)可能會發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，狀態(tài)可能是正在發(fā)生，

也可能已經(jīng)完成。

例2：HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?他們已經(jīng)被派往國外學(xué)英語了嗎?

例3：Whohasbeeninvented?誰受到了邀請？

二

構(gòu)成陳述句主語+has/have（not）been+P.P.+...例1：Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托車盜了。一般疑問句Has/have+主語+been+P.P.+...?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+been+P.P.+...?主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動被動“三不變”原句意思不變原句時態(tài)不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變1、一般現(xiàn)在時：is/am/are+done

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我們教室每天都被打掃。2、一般過去時：was/were+done

Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.去年修了一座新商店。3、一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+bedoneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。4、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+beingdoneMybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。5、過去進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+beingdoneThenewroadwasbeingmade.這條新路正在修筑。6、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+beendone

Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書被翻譯成多種文字。already

已經(jīng)

yet

已經(jīng)recently/lately

最近

sincethen

從那時起eversince

自那以來

ever

曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime

很長一段時間inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在過去的幾年里常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：即學(xué)即練1.Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.將下列主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?.Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildalibraryinthecity.3.Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelasttwoyears.Shehasbeenaskedbymetohelpyou.Agoodplacehasbeenfoundbythemtobuildalibraryinthecity.Manytreeshavebeenplantedbyusonthehillinthelasttwoyears.1.不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語，沒有被動語態(tài)，rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.被動語態(tài)注意事項被動語態(tài)注意事項2.雖然一般說來只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，但許多“不及物動詞+副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)，但變被動語態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉,laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.Go

for

Grammar1.將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)主語2.將主動謂語變?yōu)楸粍又^語(am/is/are＋being+過去分詞)。3.將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語(在被動句中作狀語,若不強調(diào)動詞執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)中的by短語通?？梢允÷?。theInternet

hasgreatlyimproved

Jan’slife.主語

謂語

賓語→Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimproved

bytheInternet.

主語

謂語

狀語They

arebuilding

nineparks.主語

謂語

賓語→Nineparks

arebeingbuilt

(bythem).主語

謂語

狀語【注意一】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟:Go

for

Grammar【注意二】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)注意事項1.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞是短語動詞時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。Theytakegoodcareofthechildrenatschool.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.Youshouldn'tlaughatdisabledpeople.→Disabledpeopleshouldn'tbelaughedat.

2.帶雙賓語的動詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時可以有兩種情況：（1）把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來。（2）直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面加介詞to或for。用to還是for，根據(jù)動詞的搭配：一般動詞give,pass,show,send,bring要加介詞to；動詞buy,make,cook,mend要加介詞for。Hegavehersomemoney.→Shewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.

Heboughtherawatch.→Shewasboughtawatch./

Awatchwasboughtforher.找出下面句子的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，哪些是主動？哪些是被動？Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.被動主動主動被動一、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的常用句式肯定式主語＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主語＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問式Have/Has＋主語＋beendone...？特殊疑問式疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone...？1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I______________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_____________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.

has

developedhave

been

told

have

been

foundbeenputhelphave

beenusedExercises用動詞正確形式填空1.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.2.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?3.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?4.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?

Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?

Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?將下列句子變成被動語態(tài)二、時間狀語1.Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.2.Thoseflowersinthegardenhaveneverbeenwatered.3.Ourschool_____________________(build)since1989.4.Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilms____________________

(produce)allovertheworld.5.Sofaraboutfivethousand

trees_____________________(plant)aroundourvillage.6.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity,andalotoffactories____________________(set)uprecently.hasbeenbuilthavebeenproducedhavebeenplantedhavebeenset已經(jīng)already,yet...從不never自從since+一般過去時的時間=for+一段時間過去一段時間以來Inthelastyear,lastfewdays,lastfewmonths...其他時間狀語Before,just,lately,recently,sofar,lately..(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)及一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：

注意

Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(說明動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在有影響)Themachineisbeingrepairednow.(說明動作正在進行)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只說明動作發(fā)生在過去)Theprojecthasbeenstarted

forthreemonths.（F）Theprojecthasbeenon

forthreemonths.（T）(2)非延續(xù)性動詞,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思,則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。語法填空現(xiàn)在完成時注意事項1.找時：看是否有與現(xiàn)在完成相對應(yīng)的時間狀語；2.圈主：看主語與謂語動詞的主被動關(guān)系；3.定謂：確定謂動單復(fù)數(shù)：have/has(not)beendone。（1）與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別（2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思，需要改變動詞或時態(tài)。這本書借了一周了。Thebookhasbeenborrowedforaweek.（×）Thebookhasbeenkeptforaweek.（√）In1908,theOlympicGameswasheldhereforthefirsttime.TheOlympicGameshasbeenheldinmanycountriessincethe1900s.Hewasinvitedtodeliveraspeechlastweek.Hehasbeeninvitedtodeliveraspeechtomanycompaniessincehewasfamous.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)拓展Hehasbeentoldmanytimes,andhefinallyunderstoodit.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.Thepoorhavebeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong.Thepoor,havingbeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong,tookuptheirgunsandknivestokillrichnobles.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式SUMMMARY現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)含義結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去發(fā)生的被動動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完

成或仍將持續(xù),強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響have/hasbeendone形式肯定式否定式疑問式have/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendoneHave/Has+主語+beendone?特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone?用法表示已經(jīng)完成的被動動作表示過去開始的被動動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示某被動動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果注意事項動詞短語不可分割也不可省略其中的介詞和副詞不及物動詞或詞組無被動一、時態(tài)填空1.Theink____________________(remove)fromhisovercoat．2.Hasthedateforthenextmeeting__________________(decide)?3.Howlonghasthebattery______________________(change)?4.Themachinehasalready_____________________(repair)．機器已經(jīng)修好了。5.Financialproblemsofthecompany_____________________(discuss)fornearlytwohours．6.Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework_____________________(finish)8.Ihave_____________(use)bythecompanysincethe1970s.9.They____________(sell)tenapartmentsinthepastonehour.10.People'shealth_______________________(受到了很大的影響)byair,noiseandwater.hasbeenremovedbeendecidedbeenchangedbeenrepairedhavebeendiscussedhasbeenfinishedbeenusedhavesoldhavebeenaffectedgreatly二、語法填空1.Papermoney____________(use)foroverathousandyears.

2.—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.3.Greatchanges___________(take)placeinmyhometownanda