阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化

阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化2024/3/12阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WhatisCulture?

Culturecanbedefinedasasystemoforientationinanorganizationconsistingofbasic,unconsciousattitudes,ofvalues,andofthecorrespondingartifact.Suchvalues+veor-vemaybereinforcedimplicitlyorexplicitlyoveraperiodoftime.Itinfluencethebehavior,communication,actingandjudgementsofthefellowcolleagues.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化NormsandValuesNorms:Socialrulesandguidelinesthatprescribeappropriatebehaviorinparticularsituations.Folkways:Routineconventionsofeverydaylife.Mores:Centraltofunctioningofsocietyanditssociallife.Values:Abstractideasaboutwhatagroupbelievestobegood,right,anddesirable.Thebedrockofculture.Haveemotionalsignificance.Freedom.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化DeterminantsofCultureCulture:NormsandValueSystemsEducationEconomicPhilosophyPoliticalPhilosophyReligionLanguageSocialStructure阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化HofstedeStudy(IBM)isageneralwaytolookatdifferencesbetweencultures.4dimensions:Powerdistance.Individualismversuscollectivism.Uncertaintyavoidance.Masculinityversusfemininity.But:Assumptionofone-to-onerelationshipbetweencultureandnation-state.Researchmaybeculturallybound.Respondentsworkedwithinasinglecompany.Workisbeginningtolookdated(1967-1973).阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WorkRelatedValuesforSelectedCountries阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化CultureandEthicsDothe“right”thing.ThomasDonaldson’sThreePrinciples:Respectforcorehumanvalues(humanrights),whichdeterminetheabsolutemoralthresholdforallbusinessactivities.Respectforlocaltradition.Thebeliefthatcontextmatterswhendecidingwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化TheOrganizationandCultureOrganizationalCulture Values,beliefs,behaviors,customs,andattitudesthathelpthemembersoftheorganizationunderstandwhatitstandsfor,howitdoesthings,andwhatitconsidersimportant.MulticulturalismThebroadissuesassociatedwithdifferencesinvalues,beliefs,behaviors,customs,andattitudesheldbypeopleindifferentcultures.DiversityWhenmembersofagroupdifferfromoneanotheralongdimensionssuchasage,gender,orethnicity.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化TrendsinDiversityandMulticulturalismReasonsforIncreasingDiversityandMulticulturalismIncreasingdiversityandmulticulturalisminorganizationsIncreasedaware-nessthatdiversityimprovesthequalityoftheworkforceTheglobalizationmovementLegislationandlegalactionChangingdemographicsinthelaborforce阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化HowDiversityandMulticulturalism

PromoteCompetitiveAdvantageResourceacquisitionargumentSystemsflexibilityargumentCreativityargumentCompetitiveAdvantageCostargumentProblem-solvingargumentMarketingargument阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化DiversityandCompetitiveAdvantageDiversitypromotescompetitiveadvantageby:increasingorganizationalsystems’flexibility.bringingaddedcreativity.increasingthemarketscopeofproducts.broadeningtheresourcesacquisitionbasis.addingadiversityofviewpointstoproblem-solvingdecision-makingprocesses.decreasingthecostofdoingbusiness.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化MulticulturalismandConflictSourcesofConflictPersonnelactionsbeingattributedtodiversitystatus.Misunderstood,misinterpreted,orinappropriateactionsbetweenpeopleorgroups.Culturaldifferencesinworkhours,personalstyles,interpersonalrelations,andconflict.Fear,distrust,orindividualprejudices.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化ManagingDiversityandMulticulturalisminOrganizationsIndividualStrategiesUnderstandingthenatureandmeaningofdiversityandmulticulturalism.Developingempathyinunderstandingtheperspectiveofothers.Developingtoleranceoffundamentalculturaldifferences.Havingawillingnesstocommunicateanddiscussdiversityandmulticulturalismissues.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化ManagingDiversityandMulticulturalisminOrganizations(cont’d)

OrganizationalApproachesOrganizationalPoliciesActivelyseekadiverseandvariedworkforce.Positiveresponsestodiversityproblems.Missionstatementofcommitmenttodiversity.OrganizationalPracticesSupportnetworks,structuredbenefitspackages,flexibleworkinghours,anddiversityinworkgroupsandteams.DiversityandMulticulturalTrainingTrainingthatenablesorganizationmemberstofunctioninadiverseandmulticulturalenvironment.OrganizationalCultureIncorporatingintoaculturethevaluationofdiversity.阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化“Anorganization’scapacity

toexecuteitsstrategydependsonits“hard”infrastructure--itsorganizationstructureandsystems--andonits“soft”infrastructure--itscultureandnorms.”AmarBhide“Quote”阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WhatMakesUpaCompany’sCulture?BeliefsabouthowbusinessoughttobeconductedValuesandprinciplesofmanagementWorkclimateandatmospherePatternsof“howwedothingsaroundhere”O(jiān)ft-toldstoriesillustratingcompany’svaluesTaboosandpoliticaldon’tsTraditionsEthicalstandards阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WhereDoesCorporateCultureComeFrom?FounderorearlyleaderInfluentialindividualorworkgroupPolicies,vision,orstrategiesTraditions,supervisorypractices,employeeattitudesOrganizationalpoliticsRelationshipswithstakeholdersInternalsociologicalforces阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化HowIsaCompany’sCulturePerpetuated?Selectingnewemployeesbasedonhowwelltheirpersonalities“fit”inSystematicindoctrinationofnewemployeesSenioremployees’reinforcementofcorevaluesStory-tellingofcompanylegendsCeremonieshonoringemployeeswhodisplayculturalidealsVisiblyrewardingthosewho followculturalnorms阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化ForcesandFactorsCausingCulturetoEvolveInternalcrisesRevolutionarytechnologiesNewchallengesArrivalofnewleadersTurnoverofkeyemployeesDiversificationintonewbusinessesExpansionintodifferentgeographicareasRapidgrowthaddingnewemployeesMergerwithoracquisitionofanothercompanyGlobalization阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化CultureandStrategyExecution:AllyorObstacle?Culturecancontributeto--orhinder--successfulstrategyexecutionRequirementsforsuccessfulstrategyexecutionmay--ormaynot--becompatiblewithcultureA

closematchbetweencultureandstrategypromoteseffectivestrategyexecution阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WhyCultureMatters:BenefitsofaGoodCulture-StrategyFitStrategy-supportiveculturesShapemoodandtemperamentoftheworkforce,positivelyaffectingorganizationalenergy,workhabits,andoperatingpractices

Providestandards,values,informalrules

andpeer

pressuresthatnurtureandmotivatepeopletodotheirjobsinwaysthatpromote

goodstrategyexecutionStrengthenemployee

identificationwiththecompany,itsperformancetargets,andstrategy阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化WhyCultureMatters:Benefitsofa

GoodCulture-StrategyFit(continued)Strategy-supportiveculturesStimulatepeopletotakeonthechallengeofrealizingthecompany’svision,dotheirjobscompetentlyandwithenthusiasm,andcollaboratewithotherstoexecutethestrategyOptimalcondition:

Awork

environmentthatPromotescandoattitudesAcceptschangeBreeds

neededcapabilitiesCanDo!阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化TypesofCorporateCulturesStrongvs.

WeakCulturesUnhealthyCulturesAdaptiveCultures阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化Characteristicsof

StrongCultureCompaniesConductbusinessaccordingtoaclear,widely-understoodphilosophyManagementspendsconsiderabletimecommunicatingandreinforcingvaluesValuesarewidelysharedanddeeplyrootedTypicallyhaveavaluesstatementCarefulscreening/selectionofnewemployeestobesuretheywill“fitin”Visiblerewardsforthosefollowingnorms;penaltiesforthosewhodon’t阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化HowDoesaCultureCometoBeStrong?LeaderwhoestablishesvaluesconsistentwithCustomerneedsCompetitiveconditionsStrategicrequirementsAdeep,abidingcommitmenttoespousedvaluesandbusinessphilosophyPracticingwhatispreached!Genuineconcernforwell-beingofCustomersEmployeesShareholdersValuesCustomersEmployeesShareholders阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化Characteristicsof

WeakCultureCompaniesManysubculturesFewvaluesandnormswidelysharedFewstrongtraditionsLittlecohesionamongthedepartmentsWeakemployeeallegiancetocompany’svisionandstrategyNostrongsenseofcompanyidentity阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化CharacteristicsofUnhealthyorLow

PerformanceCulturesPoliticizedinternalenvironmentIssuesresolvedonbasisofturfHostilitytochangeExperimentationandeffortstoalterstatus quodiscouragedAvoidrisksanddon’tscrewupPromotionofmanagersmoreconcernedaboutprocessanddetailsthanresultsAversiontolookoutsideforsuperiorpracticesMust-be-inventedheresyndromeAvoidrisks!阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化HallmarksofAdaptiveCulturesIntroductionofnewstrategiestoachievesuperiorperformanceStrategicagilityandfastresponsetonewconditionsRisk-taking,experimentation,andinnovationtosatisfystakeholdersProactiveapproachestoimplementworkablesolutionsEntrepreneurshipencouragedandrewardedTopmanagersexhibitgenuineconcernfor

customers,employees,shareholders,suppliers阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化TypesofCulture-ChangingActionsRevisingpoliciesandprocedurestohelpdriveculturalchangeAlteringincentivecompensationtorewarddesiredculturalbehaviorVisiblypraisingandrecognizingpeoplewhodisplaynewculturaltraitsHiringnewmanagersandemployeeswhohavedesiredculturaltraitsandcanserveasrolemodelsReplacingkeyexecutivesstronglyassociatedwitholdcultureCommunicatingtoallemployeesthebasisforculturalchangeanditsbenefits阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化SymbolicCulture-ChangingActionsEmphasizefrugalityEliminateexecutiveperksRequireexecutivestospend

timetalkingwithcustomersAlterpracticesidentifiedasculturalhindrancesVisibleawardstohonorheroesCeremonialeventstopraisepeopleandteamswho“getwiththeprogram”阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化SubstantiveCulture-ChangingActionsBenchmarkingandbestpracticesSetworld-classperformancetargetsBringinnewblood,replacing

traditionalmanagersShakeuptheorganizational

structureChangerewardstructureIncreasecommitmenttoemployeetrainingReallocatebudget,downsizingandupsizing阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化EstablishingEthicalStandardsandValuesAculturebasedonethicalprinciplesisvitaltolong-termstrategicsuccessEthicsprogramsmakeethicalconductawayoflifeValuestatementsserveasacornerstoneforculture-buildingAcodeofethicsservesasacornerstonefordevelopingacorporateconscienceApproachestoestablishing

ethicalstandardsWord-of-mouthindoctrinationandtraditionWrittendocumentsOurethicsprogramconsistsof...阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化ValueStatementsandCodesofEthicsTopicsinValueStatementsCustomerimportanceCommitmenttoqualityCommitmenttoinnovationRespectforindividualemployeeImportanceofhonestyDutytostockholdersDutytosuppliersCorporatecitizenshipProtectingtheenvironmentTopicsinCodesofEthicsHonesty&observingthelawConflictsofinterestFairnessinmarketingpracticesUsinginsideinformationSupplierrelationsCorruptpracticesAcquiringinformationPoliticalactivitiesUseofcompanyassetsProprietaryinformationPricing,contracting,&billing阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化InstillingValuesandEthics

intheCultureIncorporatevaluesstatementandethicscodeinemployeetrainingprogramsScreenoutapplicantswhodonotexhibitcompatiblecharactertraitsCommunicatethevaluesandethicscodetoallemployeesManagementinvolvementandoversightStrongendorsementbyCEOWord-of-mouthindoctrination阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化BuildingaSpiritofHigh

PerformanceintotheCultureEmphasizeachievementandexcellencePromotearesults-orientedculturePursuepracticestoinspirepeopletoexcelDesiredoutcomeProduceextraordinaryresultswithordinarypeople阿克蘇諾貝爾多元文化環(huán)境與公司文化ApproachestoBuildinga

SpiritofHighPerformanceTreatemployeeswithdignityandrespectTraineachemployeethoroughlyEncourageemployeestouseinitiativeSetclearperformancest