英語B級(jí)考試語法課件

14三月2024英語B級(jí)考試語法被動(dòng)語態(tài)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主動(dòng)）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被動(dòng)）許多人學(xué)英語。B級(jí)考試中?？迹罕粍?dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be（am,is,are)+過去分詞一般過去時(shí)：be（was，were）)+過去分詞一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Will+be+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have+been+過去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Can/should/must/could/may+be+過去分詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Tobe+過去分詞Historyismadebythepeople.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture.Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool.Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.牛刀小試1.Shedidn’treceivedtheapplicationform;it_____tothewrongaddress.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent2.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Idon’tlike______inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating3.Ifeelit’sagreathonorforme______tothisparty.toinvitedB.inviteC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention____tothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavepaid.1.Thefinaldecision(make)_____bytheteamleaderearlynextweek.2.Wecanarrangeforyourcarto(repair)______withinareasonableperiodoftime.3.Allvisitorstothelab(expect)______totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.4.Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem(solve)_____atyesterday’smeeting.5.Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill(deliver)______toyoutomorrow.6.Thispicture(take)______byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth.7.Yesterday,thesecretary(give)______thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting.8.Thenewmachineoughtto(test)____beforeitisputtouse.9.Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwill(fine)______$50.虛擬語氣subjectivemood

表示所說的話只是一種主觀的愿望、假想和建議等。Weonlywishwecouldhelp.我們但愿能提供幫助。（表愿望）Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假若沒有引力，我們就不能行走。

（表假想）Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.他建議我們都去看這個(gè)電影。（表建議)條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If(we,you,he,they)+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwouldhewould +動(dòng)詞原形theywould與過去事實(shí)相反If(we,you,he,they)+had+過去分詞I（we）shouldyouwould+havehewould +過去分詞theywould與將來事實(shí)可能相反If(we,you,he,they)+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwould+動(dòng)詞原形hewould theywould與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假如我是你的話，我就不會(huì)要那錢。與過去事實(shí)相反Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假若我們有時(shí)間的話，我們就會(huì)順道拜訪。與將來事實(shí)可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它會(huì)打碎的。

虛擬語氣的其他用法用在主語從句，其謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形（或should+have+過去分詞），常用在Itis（was)important(suggested,requested...)that...句型中Itisimportantthatweshouldspeak

politely.我們說話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。用在賓語從句，一種是用作動(dòng)詞wish的賓語從句，另一種是謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形的that從句“musthavedone”表示對(duì)過去已發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行肯定的推測(cè)

三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(堅(jiān)決要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建議)表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+原形動(dòng)詞。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。1.Ican’tfindthekeytomyoffice,I____havelostitonmywayhome.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.oughtto2.IfI_____thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldn’thavebeenworriedaboutit.KnowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown3.IfIhadn’tattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,I_____toseeyou.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeD.hadcome4.Ifyouhadenoughmoney，what________？A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought5.

Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________，shewouldhavemetmybrother.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome1.ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary(start)_____thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2.Iftheengineer(come)_____hereyesterday,theproblemwouldhavebeensolved.3.Wedemandthatthetourguide(tell)____usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule.非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式和過去分詞。1.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.聽到你的聲音真高興。2.Readingbooksmakesonewise.讀書使人明智。3.ThisisabookwrittenbyBalzac.這是巴爾扎克寫的一本書。Itisquitedifficultforme(decide)_____whoshouldbegiventhejob.帶to的不定式作主語時(shí)。常用形式主語it代替，其作表語的形容詞有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.It’s+adjforsb.todosth.固定搭配1.Noreaderisallowed(take)_____anyreferencebookoutofthereading-room.2.Iwant(pointout)______thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce.3.Ifyourcreditisgood,youwillbeallowed(use)______thecreditcard.4.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.分詞作狀語Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen_____adecisionaboutbuyingahouse.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.makingMake和邏輯主語customers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try)_____topersuadehimtochangehismind.現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語，邏輯主語必須與主句相同。1.Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout_____acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Before_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapply3.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_____,peoplehavetopaymorefordrivingacar.togoupB.goingupC.goneupD.goup4.Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen______tobuyahouse.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplanned5.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin______thenewproduct.A.developB.todevelopingC.developedD.developing

1.ThankyouforyourletterofApril15,(tell)_____usaboutMr.JohnBrown’svisittoourcompanyonMay10.2.Wearelookingforwardto(work)______withyouinthefuture.3.Thatnewfilmisworth(see)_____forthesecondtime.4.Nowmanyyoungpeoplespendseveralhoursaday(talk)_____onamobilephone.5.Ittookmeseveralweekstogetusedto(drive)______ontheleftsideoftheroadinLondon.短語的理解1.Thedepartmentmanager_____anewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.goton2.Peterwill_____thejobasSaleManagerwhenJohnretires.PutawayB.takeoverC.workoutD.makeup3.Therewasaheavyfogthismorning,sononeoftheplanescould________.A.GetthroughB.takeoffC.pulloutD.breakaway4.Please_____yourreportcarefullybeforeyouhanditintome.turntoB.bringaboutC.gooverD.putup5.______yournameandjobtitle,thebusinesscardshouldalsoincludeyourtelephonenumberandaddress.AsfarasB.InadditiontoC.InspiteofD.Asaresultof6.Ifthemachineshould_____,callthisnumberimmediately.breakdownB.setoutC.putonD.goup7.Ifyouwanttojointheclub,you’llhaveto_____thisformfirst.putupB.tryoutC.fillinD.setup8.Theyhadtogiveupheplanbecausetheyhad______money.comeuptoB.gotalongwithC.runoutofD.takenchargeof9.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin___thenewproduct.setupB.breakupC.getupD.turnup10.Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutit_____tobequitedifficult.A.brokeoutB.turnedoutC.workedoutD.setout11.I_____theformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing.ranintoB.tookawayC.putonD.shutdown12.You’dbetter_____advicebeforemakingaprojectplan.putdownB.takeinC.turnoutDaskfor13.WhiletravelinginFrance,he___someeverydayEnglish.gaveupB.pickedupC.drewupD.gotup14.We’regoingto_____thetaskthatwehaven’tfinished.takeawayB.carryonC.getontoD.keepoff15.Time______veryfastandanewyearwillbeginsoon.A.takenoffB.goesbyC.pullsupD.getsalong連詞連詞是虛詞，起著連接詞與詞，短語與短語，句子與句子的作用，連詞包括并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞

從屬連詞并列連詞

表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas等表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有but,yet等表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有for,so等從屬連詞

從屬連詞是引導(dǎo)從句的連詞。1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞1).that連接由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how連接由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句。3).if/whether連接由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句。2.引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞1).時(shí)間狀語從句：when,before,after,until,assoonas(主將從現(xiàn)),since.(主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）2).條件狀語從句：if,unless3).原因狀語從句：because4).方式狀語從句：than5).結(jié)果狀語從句：so…that…,such…that…6).讓步狀語從句：though/although7).目的狀語從句：sothat1.______shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,she’salreadybeenpromotedtwice.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.When2.Ithasbeenquitealongtime____thetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship.AlthoughB.becauseC.ifD.since3._______therainstopsbefore12o’clock,wewillhavetocancelthegame.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless4.Lisawasbusytakingnotes______MarkwassearchingtheInternetfortheinformation.untilB.unlessC.whileD.if5.______hislectureisshort,itgivesusaclearpictureofthenewprogram.A.IfB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When動(dòng)詞（一）MindmentionthanktravelstartwritePreparesendtypevisitshowenjoycostContactsmokeapplyjoincancelturnExpectallowpromisebecomeimprove（二）arriveawareuseacceptattendkillsucceedstopintroducediscusspromotePointsolveinvitesaveprovide（三）RememberforgetrequirepracticeFailexplaincreatebuildspendsharestayfillsetcommunicateunderstandearndealpushpickenterdecreasedecide（四）recommendaffecttreatincreasehelppaybookchooseservedevelopchangefinishdeleteapologizecheckraisecarrybeat1.Pleasekeepadetailed______oftheworkthatyouhavedone.paperB.ideaC.exerciseD.record2.Softdrinksalesinthiscityhave_____by8%comparedwithlastyear.pickedB.movedC.increasedD.pushed3.Jackca