浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABetween1901and2023,theNobelPrizesandtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswereawarded621timesto1,000peopleandorganizations.WithsomereceivingtheNobelPrizemorethanonce,thismakesatotalof965individualsand27organizations.Below,youcanviewthefulllistof2023NobelPrizesandNobelPrizewinners.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2023PierreAgostini,FerencKrauszandAnneL’Huillier“forexperimentalmethodsthatgenerateattosecondpulses(脈沖)oflightforthestudyofelectrondynamicsinmatter”TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2023KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman“fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningDNAthatenabledthedevelopmentofeffectivevaccines(疫苗)againstCOVID-19”TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2023MoungiG.Bawendi,LouisE.BrusandAlexeiI.Ekimov“forthediscoveryandcombinationofquantumdots(量子點(diǎn))”TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2023JonFosse“forhisinnovativeworkswhichgivevoicetotheunsayable”TheNobelPeacePrize2023NargesMohammadi“forherfightagainsttheunfairandcrueltreatmentofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotehumanrightsandfreedomforall”TheNobleMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences2023ClaudiaGoldin“forhavingadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes”Forfurtherinformation,youcanclickhere.1.Whoseachievementdirectlycontributestopeople’sheath?A.PierreAgostini. B.KatalinKarikó. C.AlexeiI.Ekimov. D.JonFosse.2.Whatdothelasttwowinnershaveincommon?A.Theymakebreakthroughsinscientificfield.B.Theyshowconcernforwomen’scondition.C.TheyconducttheirresearchinAsiancountries.D.Theyfightforthefreedomofworkingwomen.3.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencewebsite. B.Aliterarymagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Asciencetextbook.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2023年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的完整名單。〖答案〗1.B2.B3.A【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2023部分中“KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman“fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningDNAthatenabledthedevelopmentofeffectivevaccines(疫苗)againstCOVID-19”(KatalinKariko和DrewWeissman“發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)DNA的東西，使開(kāi)發(fā)針對(duì)COVID-19的有效疫苗成為可能”)”可知，KatalinKarikó的成就直接有助于人類的健康，故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNobelPeacePrize2023中的“NargesMohammadi“forherfightagainsttheunfairandcrueltreatmentofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotehumanrightsandfreedomforall”(納爾吉斯·穆罕默迪“為反對(duì)伊朗婦女受到不公平和殘酷待遇而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)以及為促進(jìn)所有人的人權(quán)和自由而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)”)”和TheNobleMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences2023中的“ClaudiaGoldin“forhavingadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes”(克勞迪婭·戈?duì)柖　霸鲞M(jìn)了我們對(duì)女性勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)結(jié)果的理解”)”可知，最后兩位獲勝者的共同點(diǎn)是都關(guān)心女性的狀況。故選B。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Below,youcanviewthefulllistof2023NobelPrizesandNobelPrizewinners.(下面，您可以查看2023年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的完整名單。)”和最后一段“Forfurtherinformation,youcanclickhere.(欲了解更多信息，您可以點(diǎn)擊此處。)”可推知，文章可能選自一個(gè)科學(xué)網(wǎng)站，故選A。BArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.Atjust14yearsold,HemanBekeleemergedasthevictorofthe2023YoungScientistChallenge,standingoutamongthetenfinalistswithhisinnovativecreationknownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).Bekele’sbrilliantconceptcentersonthedevelopmentofasoapthatisnotonlyaffordable,butalsohasthepotentialtoreactivatethebody’snaturaldefendersoftheskintostopskincancer.InBekele’sownwords,“Curingcancer,onebarofsoapatatime.”Healwayshasendlesspassionforbiologyandtechnology,andtheYoungScientistChallengejustprovidedhimwiththeperfectplatformtodisplayhisideas.Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.“Iwantedtomakemyideanotonlyscientificallyexceptionalbutalsoaccessibletoabroadaudience,”Bekeleexpressedduringaninterviewwiththemedia.HereceivedinvaluableguidancefromDeborahIsabelle,aproductengineeringspecialist,whoconnectedhimwithotherscientiststoaidhiminreachinghisambitiousplans.Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”O(jiān)verthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.4.WhatmadeBekeleaninstanthit?A.Startingasoapfashion. B.Overcomingskincancer.C.Beingtheyoungestscientist. D.Creatingasoapagainstskincancer.5.WhatinspiredBekeletoinventSCTS?A.Hisconcernforothers. B.Hisadventureinchildhood.C.Hisenthusiasmfortechnology. D.Hisinterestinmedicalknowledge.6.WhatwillBekeledointhenearfuture?A.Obtainofficialapproval. B.Visitundevelopedareas.C.Increasetheavailabilityofthesoap. D.Updatethefacilitiesofproduction.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBekele?A.Inspiringandmodest. B.Humorousandpositive.C.Creativeandconsiderate. D.Curiousandindependent.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位14歲來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱號(hào)。〖答案〗4.D5.A6.C7.C【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國(guó)維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱號(hào)，因?yàn)樗拈_(kāi)創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”可知，HemanBekele發(fā)明了一種對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂，一炮而紅。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.(在反思他的靈感時(shí)，Bekele分享了他的童年在塑造他的創(chuàng)新思維方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。目睹人們?cè)陉?yáng)光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意識(shí)到持續(xù)暴露在陽(yáng)光下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知，Bekele對(duì)別人的關(guān)心激發(fā)了他發(fā)明SCTS。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”(在他的演講中，Bekele熱情地表達(dá)了他的愿景，即把這種肥皂變成“希望、可及性的象征，以及一個(gè)人人都能接受皮膚癌治療的世界。”)”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來(lái)的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達(dá)的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)用的解決方案)”可知，Bekele希望建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，將他的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達(dá)社區(qū)，為對(duì)抗皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)際解決方案，即增加肥皂的可獲得性。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國(guó)維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱號(hào)，因?yàn)樗拈_(kāi)創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來(lái)的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達(dá)的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)用的解決方案)”可知，文章介紹了一位14歲來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱號(hào)。未來(lái)五年里，Bekele希望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，將這種創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達(dá)社區(qū)，為對(duì)抗皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)際解決方案。由此推知，他一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力和體貼的人。故選C。CWheneverIorderfoodfordelivery,Iplayalittlegametoguesshowmanysetsoftableware(餐具)therestaurantwillprovidewithmymeal.Sometimesrestaurantswillthrowintwo,threeorfoursetsforjustoneorder.ButIrarelyneedanytablewareatall,andthewastegoesintothetrashorcollectsdustinakitchendrawer.ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.Thedefault(默認(rèn)設(shè)置)wassetatzero.Theresult,publishedtodayinthejournalScience,wasa638%increaseintheshareofno-tablewareorders.IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.Itstruckmeasausefulreminderofthemanylow-hangingfruitsacrosstheeconomythatcancutwaste,andemissions.NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.Tonudgecustomerstoeatbetter,forexample,arestaurantmightorganizeitsmenubylistinghealthyoptionsfirstandburyunhealthyonesatthebottom.Morerecently,somebigcompanieslikeGooglehavealsobeguntousenudgestoadvanceclimateobjectives.Behavioraleconomicsbroadly,andnudgesmorespecifically,aren’twithoutcontroversy.Somemightthinkitassignsconsumersresponsibilityforaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Butthereisanotherwaytolookatit.Intheabsenceofnecessarypolicy—andpolicyisneeded—companiescanhelpencourageawidespreadshiftofconsumerbehavior.Andallofthatbehavioralchangecanaddup.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.Themorethatcompaniescandotofacilitatesuchchanges,thebetter.8.WhatdidAlibabadowithtablewarewaste?A.Itstoppedrestaurantsfromhandingouttableware.B.Itwithdrewunusedtablewarefromcustomers.C.Itupdatedthefood-deliverydeviceregularly.D.Itallowedpickingtablewareatcustomers’demand.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”meaninparagraph2?A.Easilyaccessiblethings. B.Fastincreasingorders.C.Exceptionallytoughchoices. D.Widelyacceptedstrategies.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutnudgetheoryfromparagraph3?A.Itbringsabouteconomicloss.B.Itresultsfromconsumptionpolicies.C.Itindicatessmallactionchangesbehaviour.D.Itimpliesbadbehaviourimpactseconomy.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Nudgetheoryaffectsbehaviors.B.Goodbehaviorsboosteconomy.C.Nudginghelpsbuildagreenerworld.D.Behavioraleconomicsbenefitscustomers.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要通過(guò)阿里巴巴踐行環(huán)保的例子介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個(gè)更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界?！即鸢浮?.D9.A10.C11.C【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（與中國(guó)科技集團(tuán)阿里巴巴合作的研究人員嘗試了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。該公司沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)餐具，而是要求中國(guó)一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）可知，阿里巴巴允許顧客根據(jù)自己的需求選擇餐具數(shù)量。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（該公司沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)餐具，而是要求中國(guó)一些城市的外賣客戶選擇他們想要多少套餐具。）及第五六句“IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在全中國(guó)推廣，這種方法將節(jié)省近220億套塑料餐具。這項(xiàng)研究沒(méi)有涵蓋碳排放，但可以肯定的是，影響將是巨大的。）可知，阿里巴巴一個(gè)小小舉動(dòng)就能在減少浪費(fèi)，保護(hù)環(huán)境方面產(chǎn)生重大的影響，故推知“l(fā)ow-hangingfruits”意為“易于達(dá)成的事情”，該短語(yǔ)字面意思是“低垂的水果、容易夠著的水果”，暗示“容易完成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（它表明，一個(gè)輕微的行動(dòng)可以鼓勵(lì)良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經(jīng)濟(jì)懲罰。）可知，助推理論表明一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)就可以影響人類的行為。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段前三句“NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（阿里巴巴只花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的軟件工程時(shí)間來(lái)推動(dòng)客戶，而它帶來(lái)的影響是巨大的。助推的概念來(lái)自行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的助推理論。它表明，一個(gè)輕微的行動(dòng)可以鼓勵(lì)良好的人類行為，而不需要限制選擇的政策或提高不良行為成本的經(jīng)濟(jì)懲罰。）及最后一段第二句“TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.”（國(guó)際能源署在2021年發(fā)現(xiàn)，在能源消耗方面的微小行為改變，如以步行代替開(kāi)車和調(diào)整恒溫器，總共可以減少全球排放量的4%。）并結(jié)合文章阿里巴巴的例子可知，本文主要介紹了助推理論在環(huán)保方面的影響，即有助于建立一個(gè)更環(huán)保，更綠色的世界。故選C項(xiàng)。DRamirezCasta?eda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.“It’snotthatI’mabadscientist,”shesays.“It’sjustbecauseofthelanguage.”Casta?edaisnotalone.Thereisplentyofresearchinnon-English-languagepapersthatgetslostintranslation,orisnevertranslated.Aresearchlookedthroughmorethan400,000peer-reviewedpapersin16differentlanguagesandfound1,234studiesprovidingevidenceonbiodiversityconservationwhich,becausetheyweren’tinEnglish,mayhavebeenoverlooked.TheseincludedJapanese-languagefindingsontheeffectivenessofrelocatingtheendangeredBlakiston’sfishowl,thelargestowlspecies.Someexpertsarguethatforthesakeofthebiggerpicture,scientificknowledgeshouldconverge(轉(zhuǎn)換)intoonecommonlanguage.Scienceisveryglobalisedandbecomingmoreso,sotheuseofagloballanguageisenormousforthat.Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.“Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCasta?eda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多語(yǔ)種的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”12.WhatpreventedCasta?eda’sdiscoveriesfrombeingmorewidelyknown?A.Poormanagement. B.Oppositionfromhercolleagues.C.Herbadreputation. D.Thelanguagebarrier.13.What’stheconsequenceofthedominantfocusonEnglishinscientificresearch?A.Inefficientwildlifeconservation.B.Aknowledgegapinthescientificworld.C.Agrowinginterestinnon-Englishpapers.D.Inadequatejobopportunitiesfortranslators.14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningforestsnakesandfrogs?A.Theurgencytoprotectrarespecies.B.Theneedtoadoptonegloballanguage.C.Thechallengesintranslatingscientifictexts.D.ThebiodiversityontheSouthAmericancontinent.15.Whatispresentedinthelastparagraphofthetext?A.Apotentialsolution. B.Atheoreticalmodel.C.Apopularbelief. D.Aglobaltrend.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章以一位哥倫比亞生物學(xué)家遭遇的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題為例，揭示了目前有很多非英文論文無(wú)法被翻譯。對(duì)此，一些專家主張科學(xué)知識(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)共同的語(yǔ)言——英語(yǔ)。但作者對(duì)此并不認(rèn)同。作者認(rèn)為這會(huì)導(dǎo)致國(guó)際影響力的不平等，并且有些專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)很難被英語(yǔ)翻譯。因此，作者希望建立一個(gè)多語(yǔ)種的科學(xué)世界?！即鸢浮?2.D13.B14.C15.A【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“RamirezCasta?eda,aColombianbiologist,spendshertimeintheAmazonstudyinghowsnakeseatpoisonousfrogswithoutgettingill.Althoughherfindingscomeinmanyshapesandsizes,sheandhercolleagueshavestruggledtogettheirbiologicaldiscoveriesouttothewiderscientificcommunity.WithSpanishashermothertongue,herresearchhadtobetranslatedintoEnglishtobepublished.Thatwasn’talwayspossiblebecauseofbudgetortime-anditmeansthatsomeofherfindingswereneverpublished.(RamirezCasta?eda是哥倫比亞的一位生物學(xué)家，她花時(shí)間在亞馬遜研究蛇如何吃掉有毒的青蛙而不生病。盡管她的發(fā)現(xiàn)有多種形式和大小，但她和她的同事們一直在努力將他們的生物學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到更廣泛的科學(xué)界。由于她的母語(yǔ)是西班牙語(yǔ)，她的研究必須翻譯成英語(yǔ)才能發(fā)表。由于預(yù)算或時(shí)間的原因，這并不總是可能的，這意味著她的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)從未發(fā)表過(guò))”可知，語(yǔ)言障礙阻止了Casta?eda的發(fā)現(xiàn)被更廣泛地了解。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第五段“Ofcourse,scientistscanworkwithanEnglishpartner,oruseatranslator-butthisultimatelystrengthensthecycleofdependencyontheglobalnorth,leadingtoinequalityininternationalinfluence.Thespecificmeaningsofwordscanalsoposeaproblemintranslation.Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(當(dāng)然，科學(xué)家可以與英國(guó)伙伴合作，或者使用翻譯，但這最終會(huì)加強(qiáng)對(duì)全球北方的依賴循環(huán)，導(dǎo)致國(guó)際影響力的不平等。單詞的特定含義也會(huì)給翻譯帶來(lái)問(wèn)題。例如，在Castafieda對(duì)亞馬遜土著社區(qū)所做的工作中，很難用英語(yǔ)找到一個(gè)詞來(lái)描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，科學(xué)研究中以英語(yǔ)為主導(dǎo)的結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生知識(shí)鴻溝。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Forexample,itisdifficulttofindinEnglishonesinglewordtodescribeforestsnakesandfrogsintheworkCastafiedadoeswithindigenous(土著的)communitiesintheAmazon.(例如，在Castafieda對(duì)亞馬遜土著社區(qū)所做的工作中，很難用英語(yǔ)找到一個(gè)詞來(lái)描述森林中的蛇和青蛙)”可知，作者以該詞為例，旨在說(shuō)明翻譯一些科學(xué)研究中的文本存在挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Sowe’relosingobservationsforscience,too,”saysCasta?eda.“Forme,it’snotpossibletojusthaveeverythingtranslatedintoEnglish.Weneedmultilingual(多語(yǔ)種的)science,andweneedpeoplethatfeelcomfortabledoingscienceintheirownlanguages.Itcouldbepossibletoswitchtoaworldwhere,say,Chinese,EnglishandSpanisharethethreelanguagesofscience,justasEnglish,FrenchandGermanwerethelanguagesofscienceinthe19thcentury.”(“所以我們也在失去科學(xué)觀測(cè)，”Casta?eda說(shuō)。“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，不可能把所有東西都翻譯成英語(yǔ)。我們需要多語(yǔ)言的科學(xué)，我們需要人們能夠自如地用自己的語(yǔ)言從事科學(xué)研究。有可能切換到一個(gè)世界，比如漢語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)是三種科學(xué)語(yǔ)言，就像英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)是19世紀(jì)的科學(xué)語(yǔ)言一樣?！?”可知，本段主要介紹一個(gè)潛在的解決方案。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分;滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PursueYourDreamsToday,NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams,trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?_____16_____Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.______17______Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.______18______Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself._____19_____.It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo,sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.______20______Pursueyourdreamsnow,eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone,andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A.Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B.Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C.Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D.Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E.Ifthingsgowell,youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F.Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G.Hardasitis,it’scrucialtowaveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的夢(mèng)想提出了一些建議?！即鸢浮?6.B17.C18.G19.F20.E【16題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.(你不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未?lái)?，F(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始)”可知，后文提到了不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?，可知本句是在建議從小的地方開(kāi)始。故B選項(xiàng)“從小處開(kāi)始是完全可以接受的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.(如果你從不嘗試，你就會(huì)被你的遺憾壓垮。你總是想知道，如果你真的給自己一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你的生活會(huì)變成什么樣子。不要讓未來(lái)的自己被現(xiàn)在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，即建議去追求自己的夢(mèng)想。故C選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該為自己去追求你的夢(mèng)想”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.(擁有一種堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，知道成功是觸手可及的)”可知，后文提到要擁有堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，可知要拜托懷疑的心態(tài)。故G選項(xiàng)“盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關(guān)重要的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.(在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你需要為自己開(kāi)辟一條通往最大滿足感的道路。如果你讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒自己)”可知，上文提到不要讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，即建議要克服恐懼和不安全感，來(lái)發(fā)掘潛力。故F選項(xiàng)“你需要克服你的不安全感，發(fā)掘你的全部潛力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon'thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.(有時(shí)候，追隨你的激情意味著每天花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間。這可能需要對(duì)你的時(shí)間表做一些調(diào)整，但你不必為了跟隨自己的內(nèi)心而犧牲一切。試著在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢(mèng)想之間取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢(mèng)想之間取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故說(shuō)明這么做的結(jié)果。故E選項(xiàng)“如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進(jìn)一步的改變”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears.Whenone-daypassingfromtheFellows’LibraryintotheGallery,Icaughtsightofthe____21____ofmyschoolfriendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithoutthedooramongourmost____22____contemporaries.Iwas____23____arrestedandasIstoodgazingonit,my____24____askedmeifIknewwhoitwas.IwasthinkingthatImustbealmosttheonlypersonwhowouldknowhim.Far____25____ofmyboyhoodwerecrowding____26____uponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery____27____:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.____28____,howcameDolbenthere?Itwas____29____hewasapoet;andyethispoemswerenotknown.Theywerecarefully_____30_____byhisfamilyandafewfriends.Indeed,suchofhispoemsascouldhavecometotheeyesoftheauthoritieswhoapprovedofthismemorialwouldnot_____31_____it.Therewasanother_____32_____—theportraitbearsitsowncertification.Thoughyoumightnotperhapsunderstandthepoetinit,youcanseethesoulimmersedindeepthought,thehabitofstainless(無(wú)瑕的)life,of_____33_____,ofenthusiasmforhighideals.Suchabeingmusthave_____34_____remarkablyamonghisfellows.Whenhisearlydeathendeared(使價(jià)值更高)hismemory,lovinggriefwouldgenerously_____35_____himtheglorywhichhehadneverworn.21.A.statue B.character C.portrait D.theme22.A.valuable B.distinguished C.familiar D.gracious23.A.wholly B.partly C.curiously D.secretly24.A.peers B.chairman C.leader D.companion25.A.judgment B.thought C.memories D.behaviour26.A.hurriedly B.freshly C.anxiously D.eagerly27.A.selective B.splendid C.handsome D.challenging28.A.Yet B.Therefore C.Thus D.However29.A.because B.why C.that D.what30.A.observed B.captured C.illustrated D.guarded31.A.operate B.promote C.justify D.permit32.A.appreciation B.reason C.cause D.effect33.A.devotion B.ambition C.imagination D.symbol34.A.broughtabout B.stoodfor C.stoodout D.broughtin35.A.interpret B.grant C.appoint D.identify【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者回到多年未到訪的伊頓學(xué)校，偶然經(jīng)過(guò)圖書館進(jìn)入畫廊時(shí)，看到了他的校友迪格比·多爾本的肖像掛在門外，和同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起，這讓作者感到困惑。〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進(jìn)畫廊時(shí)，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起。A.statue雕像；B.character角色；C.portrait肖像；D.theme主題。根據(jù)下文“hanging”和“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，作者看到的是同學(xué)的肖像掛在畫廊墻上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進(jìn)畫廊時(shí)，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起。A.valuable有價(jià)值的；B.distinguished杰出的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.gracious優(yōu)雅的。結(jié)合常識(shí)和下文“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery :outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，伊頓學(xué)校肖像畫廊掛的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)。A.wholly完全地；B.partly部分地；C.curiously好奇地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)下文“Istoodgazingonit”可知，作者完全被其吸引并駐足凝視。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)。A.peers同齡人；B.chairman主席；C.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；D.companion同伴。根據(jù)下文“askedmeifIknewwhoitwas”可知，是同行的其他同伴問(wèn)作者。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時(shí)代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.judgment判斷；B.thought思想；C.memories回憶，記憶；D.behaviour行為。根據(jù)下文“myboyhoodwerecrowdinguponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.”可知，作者回想起往事，記憶涌上心頭。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時(shí)代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.freshly新鮮地；C.anxiously焦慮地；D.eagerly渴望地。根據(jù)下文“hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth”可知，作者對(duì)當(dāng)年的格比·多爾本記憶猶新。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)伊頓公學(xué)老校友的肖像畫廊是非常挑剔的：杰出的出身或優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)可能為你贏得一席之地。A.selective嚴(yán)格篩選的；B.splendid壯麗的；C.handsome英俊的；D.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentq